Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan

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Sheikh-ul-Waqt, Imam-ul-Fuqaha, Rais-ul-Ulema:

MIAN GHULAM SIDDIQUE MEKAN

� �� م ��ن ��ت ��

A GREAT SCHOLAR, SUFI SAINT AND POET OF SHAHDADKOT, SINDH- PAKISTAN. (B.1260 A.H-1844 AD/d.1323 A.H-1905 AD)

By Sheikh Javed Ali Sindhi

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Sheikh-ul-Waqt, Imam-ul-Fuqaha, Rais-ul-Ulema:


A GREAT SCHOLAR, SUFI SAINT AND POET OF SHAHDADKOT, SINDH- PAKISTAN

(b.1260 A.H-1844 AD/d.1323 A.H- 1905 AD)

SAROH

Saroh Social Development Organization Shahdadkot

Saroh Office, Near Scientific Public School,

Railway Station Road, Shahdadkot,

District Kamber-Shahdadkot, Sindh, Pakistan- 77300

Ph: +92-74-4012896, Cell: +92-3342015896

E-mail: [email protected]

2014 AD/ 1435 AH

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Contents

• Introduction • Birth of the Saint • Origin, Ancesstry & Family Background • Parents & Siblings of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan • Kalat & First Anglo Afghan War-1839 AD • Battlefields at Kanda, Dhadhar & Gandawah • Indian Mutiny of 1857 & Revolts on Sindh Kalat Border • Mir Khudad Khan, the Khan of Kalat: His Rule, Character & Captivity by the British • Grant of land to Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan by Khan of Kalat • Migration from Kanda Balochistan to Miro Khan Sindh 1857 AD • Role of Mian Hamid Huzoori Tunio in settlement of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan • Hospitality of Khanbahadur Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar-I with Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan • Establishment of Islamic Medrassa by Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan in Shahdadkot • Last days of Hazrat Mian Hamid Huzoori Tunio -1872 AD • Death of Bibi Alam Khatoon, the wife of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan& River Indus Floods of 1874 AD • Shahdadkot According to Sindh Gazetteer- 1876 AD • Death of Allama Mufti Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan in 1879 AD • Death of Maulana Mian Ghulam Umer Mekan-1885 AD • Death of Allama Mufti Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan-1888 AD • Construction of the Jamia Mosque of Shahdadkot • The Pilgrimage of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan to Makkah & Medina • Participation of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in the Turban Ceremony of Nawab Ghaibi Khan Chandio-1894 AD • Loss of Palgue in Shahdadkot 1899 AD • Death of Khanbahadur Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar-I • Deaths of Mian Muhammad Ismaeil Mekan and Mian Muhammad Pannah Mekan 1903 AD • The role of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in converting Hindus to Islam • Relations of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan with Pir Syed Saleh Shah Jilani of Ranipur-1904 AD • Last days of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan 1905 AD • His Appearance & Characteristics • Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan: Journeys, Tours & Travels • His Educational Chain • Miracles, Myths and Legends of the Saint • His Spiritual Geneology (Tariqat) • Book Collection/ Library • Pieces of Poetry • Knowledge & Works • Mission & Sayings • His Relics & Remains • Chief deputies, disciples and followers • Shrine of the Saint-1907 to 2014 • Memorandum • References

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Ghulam-e-Zuhra Sheikh

I lovingly dedicate this work to my beloved mother

Late Ghulam e Zuhra Sheikh (b.1950-d.1986)

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Acknowledgement

Appreciation is expressed to

Late Faqir Khadim Hussain Khaskheli (b.1888), Late Allah Wasayo Sheikh (b.1903), Late Illahi Bux Mangi (b.1913), Late Ali Hassan Khoso (b.1913), Late Sohrab Khan Qutrio (b.1915), Late Banho Khan Tunio (b.1915), Late Shahnawaz Khan Soomro (b.1915), Late Faqir Shah Muhammad Khushik (b.1917), Late Juma Khan Thahim (b.1919), Late Muhammad Umer Soomro (b.1919), Late Syed Ali Akber Shah (b.1919), Late Sradar Ali Khuhawar (b.1920), Late Mian Abdul Rehman Mekan (b.1920), Late Hafiz Faiz Muhammad Bhatti (b. 1921), Late Muhammad Yousif Soomro (b.1922), Late Jaro Faqir Magsi (b.1922), Late Comrade Shahan Sial (b.1924), Diwan Lalchand Advani (b.1928), Late Ustad Din Muhammad Lashari (b.1929), Late Ghulam Nabi Abro (b.1929), Late Sufi Ali Hassan Silro (b. 1930), Shafi Muhammad Lohar (b.1930), Late Nazir Ahmed Jarwar (b.1933) and Late Ghulam Zuhra Sheikh (b.1950). I personally interviewd these persons time to time and collected the data and prepared footnotes about the life of Mian Ghulam Siddeque Mekan.

I would like to thank Advocate Muhammad Younis Mastoi, Sirai Hussain Ali Khan Khuhawar, Mian Taj Muhammad Mekan, Moulvi Abdul Latif Abro, Faqir Dad Muhammad Nichari, Qamaruddin Mahesar, Late Muhammad Pannah Khuhawar, Faqir Arbab Ali Khokhar, Seth Deepchand Punjabi, Sikander Ali Khan Sheikh, Abdul Haque Silro, Piyaro Babar, Dr. Abdul Sattar Surhio, Pir Bux Khan Bhatti, Hafiz Ali Muhammad Abro, Dr. Zulfiqar Ali Tunio, Habibullah Tunio, Ustad Shamsuddin Abro, Ghulam Sarwar Silro, Noor Mustafa Sheikh, Arbelo Dad Muhammad Sheikh, Aijaz Ali Wadho, Professor Shabana Sartaj Tunio, Gul Muhammad Shabrani, Noor-ul-Ain Khoso, Khadeejat-ul-Kubra Chandio, Wafa Nadia Wadho, Nazir Ahmed Tunio, Muhammad Umer Bhand, Mian Atta e- Rasool Mekan, Rizwan Khan Mastoi, Mian Riaz Ahmed Mekan and Mian Ubedullah Mekan. They shared their knowledge, Information and experiences with me. I am also greatful to Abdul Wahab Bhatti, Farhan Ali Pathan, Zaffar Ali Channa, Abdul Rauf Soomro and, Sanaullah Jamali who facilitated me during my field works in the district.

I am also sincerely thankful to Professor Faiz Muhammad Soomro for presenting me his MA. Sindhi Literature Monograph on Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan submitted to University of Sindh in 1967. Special thanks to Mian Ahmed Din Mekan who gave me copy of his B.Ed Project (1981) on Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. Gratitude is also expressed to Professor Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan who provided me copy of Land Grant Order issued by Mir Khudad Khan, the Ruler of Kalat dated 29th Sha aban 1274 AH or Wednesday 14th April 1858 AD. He also provided me photographs of historic Graveyard of Kanda, Balochistan. Finally, I would like to pay my thanks to my close friends Khalid Hussain Channa, Qurban Ali Mangi and Mian Riaz Ahmed Mekan that encouraged and facilitated me to shape biographical sketch of the saint of Shahdadkot, Sindh.

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Foreword

It was the 28th day of March, 1997; I was moving around Shahdadkot with my friends Late Mahram Ali soomro and Shafi Muhammad Khoso (Advocate) to enjoy a holiday. Both of them were my co- workers at Mehran Medical Store, Shahi Bazzar Shahdadkot. While walking, we came to the old Graveyard of Bhanbho Khuhawar, which lies in the north of Shahdadkot citynear Tanwary dsitry. We noticed a small tomb in the mid of the graveyard. We went there and found that it was the burial chamber of Bibi Alam Khatoon, the wife of Mian Noor Muhammd Mekan and mother of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan.From epitaph I came to know that she passed away on 11th Muharam Al Haram 1291 AH. I was told by the locals that she was the mother of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan, whose shrine is known as Dargah Sharif in Shahdadkot. My quest for expoloring about life of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan started from that time.

I started interviewing people who knew some thing about the saint. At that time I was newly married and now I am father of eight children. I did not take rest during this whole period. I continued my field work slowy and gradually. Days changed into weeks and weeks turned into months. Similarily months became years and years made decades, eventually I am able to conclude my work which is need of the hour and will throw light on the life, achievements and works of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan, a Sufi saint of Qadri Order of Mystics.

Pir Ali Muhammad Shah Rashdi (1905-1987) was the first person who mentioned Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in his autobiography. Rashdi was a politician, scholar, beaurocrate, journalist and well-known writer. His brother, Pir Hisamuddin Shah Rashdi (1911-1982) also quotes this great saint and scholar of shahdadkot in his autobiography. Maulana Din Muhammad Wafai was the first person who compiled lifesketches of the saints, scholars and poets of Sindh. Maulana Din Muhammad Wafai (1894–1950) was a scholar, academic, writer and poet. He was also heavily involved in the Khilafat Movement. He compiled a book under the guidance of Maulana Taj Muhammad Amroti in Sukkur which was then distributed in the Khilafat Conference held in Larkana in March 1920. This book caught the attention of personalities like Maulana Abdul kalam Azad, Maulana Abdul Bari Lukhnavi, Maulana Shaukat Ali amongst many others. After this conference, Maulana Wafai was appointed as Cheif of Jamiat ul Islam Sindh.He started compiling Tazkira Mashahir-e-sIndh, a book on saints, scholars and poets of Sindh from March 1945. He also included some information regarding Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. In 1957, the Authorities of Sindhi Adabi Board Hyderabad decided to publish Biographies of eminent saints, scholars, freedom fighters, political activists, writers and poets of Sindh. In this regards 130 enteries were made. Mian Abdul Rauf Mekan compiled a lifesketch of Mian Noor Muhammd Mekan. At the same time Manzoor Ahmed Jamali Halimi and Dur Muhammad Chandio Khaak wrote a lifesketch of Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan. He also compiled the lifesketch of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. All these sketches were published by Sindhi Adabi Board in Quarterly Mehran 1957 but the compiled information was very small. The total extent of these lifesketches was only 5 pages.

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Faiz Muhammd Soomro was the first local person who took troubles to compile a monograph on the Life of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan for his MA. (Previous) Sindhi Literature in 1965. He submitted his monograph to University of Sindh in 1966. It is consisted on 2 chapters with 29 sub headings. Faiz Muhammd Soomro prepared this monograph under the supervision of Dr. Nabi Bux Khan Baloch, Ali Nawaz Khan Jatoi, Ghulam Ali Allana, Professor Abdul Karim Sandilo, Shah Muhammad Abbassi, Gul Hasan Buriro, Maulana Qazi Muhammad Ibrahim Palal of village Karira and Mian Abdul Halim Mekan. The monograph consisted upon 100 pages in Sindhi handwriting. I found it s only surviving copy in the Seminar Library of Department of Sindhi, in University of Sindh Jamshoro during my M.Phil in 2008.

Mian Muhammad Nasiruddin Mekan wrote a book entitled Anwarat-e-Siddiquia in 1972. The book was prepared with the moral support of Maulana Qazi Muhammad Ibrahim Palal, Mian Ubedullah Mekan and Moulvi Ghulam Farid Mekan. The book consists on 68 pages. Mostly it focuses on the life, miracles and contribution of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. The book was published on 5th November 1972. Miss Fehmida Naz Mughal was another person who produced some information about Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in her Monograph for M.A. Sindhi Literature. She submitted her monograph to Univeristy of Sindh Jamshoro on 4th October 1974. She prepared this monograph on the life and poetry of Sheikh Lalchand Majrooh of Kamber. She prepared this monograph under the supervision of Dr. Memon Abdul Majeed Sindhi. It is spread on 115 pages in Sindhi manuscript.Nazir Ahmed Jarwar mentioned Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in his article published in Daily Hilal-e-Pakistan in 1977. Dr. Memon Abdul Ghafoor Sindhi published 2 pages lifesketch of Mian Ghuam Siddique Mekan in his book on Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani in 1983. Similarily Mahraj Gopi Krishan mentioned this saint in his article on Shahdadkot and Its Muncipality, in a book named Larkano Saah Sebano, published in 1984. Muhammad Aslam Sheikh published his book Shaadab Shahdadkot in 1992, which also contained a lifesketch of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. In 1999, Syed Gul Muhammad Shah Bukhari published his book on the lifesketches of Writers and poets of Shahdadkot. It also contains lifesketches of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan, Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan and Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. All biographies comprise on 15 pages. Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi, Dr. Muhammad Juman Talpur, Hakim Khalifo Abdul Majeed Khan Chandio and Khushi Muhammad Chawro have also provided some of the valueabale information in their wrtitings.

After the 100 years of death anniversary of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in 2005, I once again fastened my filed work and compiled the data according to the modern ways of Research methodology on the life of Mian Ghulam Siddique. I wanted to present the biography with historical references and original resources along with manuscripts. At last I succeeded in bringing out Biography of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan who was taken only as a pir or saint in Shahdadkot. People had forgotten his contribution in the field of Islamic education in the Indo Pak Sub-continent. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan was the symbol of Hindu Muslim Unity. He produced best scholars of his times who founded Islamic centers in Sindh, Punjab and Balochisan. Hafiz Mehmood Chandio also received his education from Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. He was the father of Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi. His son Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi was the guide of more than 100 PhD. Scholars of Pakistan.

I feel myself blessed because I think that God chose me to uncover the saint s life and his contribution to the modern word in English language. I hope that my research work will open hidden aspects of the life of saint. It will be a source for future scholars and researchers working on the development of Islamic education in Sindh. Let me present one of the best works of my life infront of you. I expect my long continous labour will be cause of inspiration for the people from every walk of life.

Best wishes,

Sheikh Javed Ali Sindhi

Shahdadkot, Sindh, Pakistan. 4th July 2014

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، حيدر غالم احمد استيممن غالم حيدر

I am slave of Ameer-ul-Momineen Ali (A.S) and Imam Ali (A.S) is the servant of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)!

(Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan)

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(A GREAT SCHOLAR, SUFI SAINT AND POET OF SHAHDADKOT, SINDH PAKISTAN) (b.1260 A.H-1844 AD/d.1323 A.H-1905 AD)

By Sheikh Javed Ali Sindhi

Introduction

Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan (1844-1905 AD) was a reknowned Muslim Scholar, Sufi saint and Poet of Shahdadkot, District Larkana (Kamber Shahdadkot), Sindh, Pakistan. He belonged to Qadri Sufi order. He was born at Kanda Balochistan and died at Shahdadkot, Sindh. His mother died when he was 30 years old and he was orphaned around the age of 35 when his father, Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan, died. He was then brought up by his elder brother, Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan, and grew to become a scholar and writer of Arabic and Persian languages.

He mastered Arabic,Persian, Urdu, Saraiki, Punjabi, Sindhi, and Brahui, and also wrote poems in Arabic, Persian and Sindhi.His full name was Rais-ul-Ulema Imam-ul-Fuqaha Hazrat Maulana Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan (RA).His father s name was Allama Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan, who was the chief Qazi in Kalat. While his mother s name was Bibi Alam Khatoon Mekan. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan had two brothers named 1) Maulana Gul Muhammad Mekan and 2) Maulana Mian Ghulam Umer Mekan. It is said that Mian Muhammad Tawakal Kharal was his great grandfather. He is supposed to havearrived at Kanda, Balochistan from Samma Satta, District Bahawalpur, Punjab, in the days of Mir Nasir Khan Noori (1747-1794 AD) the Khan of Kalat. In Tariqat, Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan was the disciple of renowned Sufi scholar Ghulam Hyder Ghoto of Katbar Sharif, Kachhi, Balochistan. The disciples who received religious education from Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan belonged to Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Iran, and Saudi Arabia.

According to Pir Hassam-ud-Din Rashidi (September 20, 1911 – April 1, 1982), a Pakistani historian and scholar, The Medrassas of Sindhestablished at Humayun, Sultan Kot, Sijawal, Mulakatiyar, Shahdadkot, Garhi Yasin and Ruk were equal to Deoband, Nidvi Medrassas and the Al-Azhar University of Cairo in the 13th Century AH .(See: Hoo Dothi Hoo Deehn-Men and Matters: An Autobiographical Notes in Sindhi, By Syed Pir Hassam-ud-Din Rashidi, First Edition 1977, Second Edition March 2002, Published by New Fields Publication, Tando Wali Muhammad, Hyderabad, Sindh, Page 336). The Medrassa of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan has contributed in the field of Islamic studies and theology and has produced a great number of scholars in Indo Pak sub continent during British Period (1844-1947). It is said that 684 scholars of Indo Pak subcontinent received their religious education from the Madrassa of Shahdadkot, Sindh. Birth of the Saint

Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan was born on 4th Rabi-Al-Awal 1260 AH or Saturday 23 March 1844 AD at Kanda, a town in Tambu, District Nasirabad, in the province of Balochistan, Pakistan. The early British officialslike Captain Aurther Conoly and Lieutenant E.B.Eastwickhave spelt this place as Cunda and Kundah. Once Kanda was a large place but it declined during First Anglo Afghan War (1840) fought between the British East India Company and Afghanistan. The saint started learning from his father Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan and his eldest brother Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan at the age of 3 and finally memorized Holy Quran at the age of only 13 years. He lived his early life in Kanda Balochistanby grazing and learning Islamic studies.

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Origion, Ancestry & Family Background

Ahmed Shah Abdali (1722-1773) came to India at the invitation of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi (1703-1762).He smashed rising Maratha power in the battle of Panipat. Mir Nasir Khan Noori moved to Punjab with 12,000 Balochi Army in 1764 AD. From there, he marched into India to meet Ahmed Shah Abdali in 1765 AD. As always, Nasir Khan was in the forefront; but in this particular engagement, he was more enthusiastic and reckless than ever, for if he fell on the battlefield, it would mean Shahadat (martyrdom)-a Divine distinction which every true Muslim must live for. The Baluches under their Khan had fought so gallantly and successfully against the Sikhs that Ahmed Shah Abdali was delighted to express his appreciation and gratitude. Between 1748 and 1765, Ahmad Shah Abdali, rampaged India nine times. During his 6th invasion he caught the Sikhs unawares and 25,000 of them were killed in a few days. (The Sikh Review: Vol: 47, 1999, Page 63). The Hakeems or physicians and surgeons came from the venerable class of Muslims, known as Saadats. Well-versed in religion as well as in medicine and surgery, they played a dual role,treating the wounded and the sick, and leading the congregational prayers and preaching the temporal and spiritual values of Jehad (religious war). Belonging to the genealogical lineage of the Holy Prophet, they commanded a high place and reverence in the esteem of all. In the days of Mir Nasir Khan Noori (1749-1794AD), some of the Ghota clan of Wadho tribe migrated from Ghotki, Sindh to Katbar, a town situated on the banks of Lehri River in the Kachhi Province of Balochistan. They lived in a small village called Murad in the neighbourhood of Ghotki taluka in Upper Sindh. They had been forcibly expelled from their lands by Syed Abid Shah, who was the son of Syed Pir Moosa Shah, a chief deputy of Sultan-ul-Arfin Haq Bahu of Shorkot, District Jhang, Punjab. Mir Nasir Khan Noori was a unique ruler in the history of the Baluches by virtues of sterling and extraordinary qualities of head and heart. He corresponded with Mir Karam Ali Khan Talpur (1811-1828 AD), the Ruler of Sindh in this matter. At last, the issue was resolved and the Ghota tribesmen returned back to their homes in Sindh. It is said that Maulana Muhammad Kamil Ghoto did not return back to Ghotki. He decided to live forever with his religious guide Makhdum Muhammad Siddique Khadwari, a saint in Katbar Sharif, Balochistan.

According to Maulana Muhammad Ibrahim Palal of Karira, it was the time, when Ahmed & Muhammad, two Kharal brothers lived in Samma Satta, a town in Bahawalpur District, Punjab. Both of the brothers left their hometown in search of a better furure. They were joined by a Khokhar who was also a destitute and miserable person. After some time they came to settle down at a place called Rudi in Kachhi province in Balochistan. Maulana Muhammad Ibrahim Palal further says that Ahmed & Muhammad became tenents of the landlords of village Kanda. Soon after, both of them became well to do respectable citizens of the area. Now, Ahmed got married from Joya tribe while Muhammad did marriage from Mekan caste. In this way the descendents of Ahmed were called Joya. While the descendents of Muhammad were known as Mekan. (See Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan Monthly Shariat Sukkur Sindh October 1981, Page 246). Maulana Ubedullah Mekan calls in his manuscripts the descendants of Ahmed as Ahmedzai and the descendants of Muhammad Tawakal as Tawakalani.

The Mekan are said to be a branch of Abro, an ancient tribe of Jat status found in Sindh, Balochistan and the Bahawalpur State. Ebbetson, Maclagan, in his Glossary of the tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province, Vol: I, writes that, Mekan: a small tribe classed as Jat (agricultural) and said to be of Punhwar origion, and sprung from the same ancestor as the Dhudhi. They occupy the Shahpur bar lying to the west of the Gondal territory, and are also found in smaller numbers in Jhelum and Gujrat. They are a pastoral and somewhat turbulent tribe . (Glossary of the tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province by Ebbetson, Maclagan, first published in 1911, 1914 & 1919, Reprint by J.J.Jetley Delhi, 1990, Page 79). On the other hand Sheikh Sadik Ali Sher Ali Ansari, Deputy Collector in Sindh in 1901 says regarding Samma tribe and its sub-divisions that Abra are a main branch of Samma tribe; Dul (Dool) and Mekan are its septs. (See: The Musalman Races found in Sind, Baluchistan and Afghanistan, by Sheikh Sadik Ali Sher Ali Ansari, First published in 1901,

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Reprint 1996, Indus Publications Karachi, Pages 89, 91 & 94. It s why some of the writers have called the saint as Abro & Dool. While Mahraj Gopi Krishan Shringi (1910-1992) describes the saint as Mian Ghulam Siddique Palal in his works.Some of the writers believe that they werefrom Chachar stock of Arain clan found in Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan.

God had blessed Mian Muhammad Tawakal Mekan a son, who came to be known as Ghulam Muhammad Mekan. Some of the writers mention him as Essa in their writings. His date of birth and year of death are not known. It is told that he was noted for his noble manners and admirable qualities; memorized the Holy Quran; could read and write Arabic, Persian and Sindhi sufficiently well. Mian Ghulam Muhammad Mekan had acquired celebrity in the time of Khan of Kalat. He was also pleased by the Kalhora Rulers of Sindh. Mian Ghulam Muhammad Mekan got some agricultural land at Kanda.The name Kanda refers to the tree that grew between Gugi, Hingan and Kabula hill torrents of Bolan River in the Kachhi plain. It was a large old tree in that area as a landmark. As the tree was closely located to the fields of Palal tribesmen therefore it was popularily known as Kanda Palal in Nasirabad, which was founded by Mir Nasir Khan Noori in Kachhi Province of Balochistan.The major ethnic groups of Kanda were Baloch, Jat, Brahui, Sindhi and Siraiki. The Umrani tribe, mostly living in the Tamboo area, was politically and financaily best off.

Mian Ghualm Muhammad Mekan had three sons;

1) Mian Noor Muhammad; He migrated from Kanda Balochsitan to Shahdadkot Sindh. 2) Mian Kher Muhammad; His son Mian Faiz Muhammad Mekan, diedat the age of 80 in 1359 AH /June 1940 at Shahdadkot Sindh. His other sons who died in their early age were 1) Mian Ghulam Usman Mekan and 2) Mian Ghulam Hussain Mekan. 3) Mian Sher Muhammad; Hecame with his brother, left Shahdadkot and lived in Village Jahan Shah, Jacobabad Sindh. He had a son called Mian Ghulam Muhammad Mekan. He had three sons namely 1) Mian Ghulam Farid Mekan 2) Mian Muhammad Zahid Mekan and 3) Mian Muhammad Abid Mekan. Some of these people also live in Villages Nawira, Chachar & Chaang near Osto Bhaledino Abad, District Jacobabad, Sindh.

While Mula Ahmed Din had two sons;

1) HafizMaulana Abdul Halim Mekan; died in 1254 AH (1838 AD) at Rohri Sindh. 2.) Hafiz Moulvi Mian Abdul Aziz; died in 1343 AH (1924 AD) at Shahdadkot, Sindh.

Hafiz Maulana Abdul Halim Mekan: His life, Achievments and Works

Hafiz Moulana Abdul Halim Mekan got his basic knowledge at home. He also went to Bhag, a town in Kachhi district in Balochistan for seeking Islamic education from Maulana Mehmood. There, his companion was Maulana Muhammad Hayat Katbari. He later continued his Arabic and Persian studies under the guidance of Maulana Qazi Muhammad Ibrahim of Mirpur, Kalat. It is told that Maulana Qazi Muhammad Ibrahim Mirpuri was a descendent of Sheikh Ahmed Shafi of Zubaida, Iraq. Mir Abdullah Khan Brahui, the Khan of Kalat brought him to Balochistan and appointed him as Chief Qazi of Kalat State. The Mir ruled Kalat from 1715 to 1730 AD.Hafiz Moulana Abdul Halim Mekan studied extensively in Mirpur but later travelled to further his education towards Village Arija, near modern Larkana. According to Maulana Din Muhammad Wafai (1945) it was the time when Makhdoom Muhammad Aqil-III converted some Hindus in Islam at village Chhajra in Taluka Kamber. The descents of these Hindus are called Sanjogi Sheikh and they still live in that village. (Tazqira Mashaheer-e-Sindh by Maulana Din Muhammad Wafai, Vol-II & III, Published by Sindhi Adabi Board, Hyderabad/Jamshoro, Sindh, 2005, Page 142).

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Makhdoom Muhammad Aqil-III was the son of Makhdoom Ahmedi who was son of Makhdoom Abdul Rehman of Khuhra.He was highly respected by the rulers of Sindh, Kabul, Jodhpur and Jaisalmir.King Taimur Shah, Mehmood Shah and Shah Shuja-ul-Mulk bestowed him lands in Sindh. The saint had a large number of devotees in Sindh and Balochistan. Mula Arshu Umrani, one of his devotees implored him to accompany him to Bhag (Nari) for his guidance and solution.After returning to Khuhra, Sindh he fell ill and soon died in 1232 AH (1817 AD). Pir Syed Muhammad Rashid Roze Dhani, Syed Muhammad Saleh Shah Jilani of Ranipur, Faqir Sachedino Farooqui (Sachal Sarmast) of Daraza and other thousands of saintly men attended his funeral prayers. During this time Mian Abdul Halim Mekan was on his tour to Sindh. In Larkana, Mian Abdul Halim met with Makhdoom Muhammd of Arija who was already weak and old at that time.He was highly inspired at the delevry of his speech. He decided to send him towards his disciple Syed Aqil Shah of Halani in Lower Sindh. It was the time when Makhdoom died. Hearing this Syed Aqil Shah of Halani came to Village Arija for his master s condolence. There he was told the story of Hafiz Moulana Abdul Halim Mekan. In 1824 AD, Mian Muhammad Kamil Katbari died due to kidney pain. He had three sons; 1) Mian Muhammad Jam 2) Mian Muhammad Hayat and 3) Mian Muhammad Hassan. Mula Jan Muahammad Tunio, an envoy of Talpur Amirs of Sindh wentfor condolence to Katbar Sharif when he was on his way to Kalat and Kabul. He brought epitaph from Bamiyan (Afghanistan) to Katbar Sharif and placed it over the grave of Mian Muhammad Kamil. Mian Muhammad Hassan Katbari had two sons; 1) Mian Ghulam Hyder and 2) Mian Taj Muhammad. Both of them were disciples of MIan Noor Muhammad Mekan of Shahdadkot. Mian Ghulam Siddique was the disciple of MIan Ghualm Hyder Katbari.

After a few days stay, Syed Aqil Shah of Halani took Hafiz Moulana Abdul Halim Mekan with him towards Halani.He started learning Islamic Jurisprudence under the guidance of Syed Aqil Shah of Halani who was student of Maulana Muhammad Daud Agro and Makhdoom Muhammad Arija of Bakrani, Larkana.While Makhdoom Muhammad Arija of Bakrani was disciple of Maulana Muhammd and he was disciple of Maulana Qul Ahmed who learnt Islamic Jurisprudence from Abul Hasaan Shaheed. It is said that Abul Hasaan Shaheed received education from his father Abdullah Labib who learnt all Islamic education from his father Maulana Abdul Hakim Sialkoti of Punjab. Abdul Hakim Sialkoti (1561-1656 AD) was a Hanafi Muslim scholar. He lived in Sialkot during the era of Mughal Emperor Akbar (1556-1605 AD). His father's name was Sheikh Shams-ud-Din. He was a scholar of the Holy Quran and one of the leading philosophers of Islam in his time. He was also known as "Fazil Sialkoti" and "Fazil Lahori". He also wrote many books on logic and philosophy. His books are taught at international-level Islamic universities. The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1628-1658 AD) had him weighed in gold once and in silver twice. His tomb is in Sialkot on back of Abdul Hakim Park near Power House presently. He is also well known for introducing the Persian philosopher Mulla Sadra in India. He gave the title of Mujaddid Alif Thani to one of the prominent scholars of Islam, Hazrat Sheikh Ahmed Sarhandi. He compiled a book Zad-ul-Labib. (See: Dr. Annemarie Schimmel 1922-2003, Islam in the Indian subcontinent, (1980), BRILL, Volume 2, p. 100)

After finishing his studies with Syed Aqil Shah of Halani, Hafiz Maulana Abdul Halim began traveling through country. He returned back to Kanda Balochistan and founded a medresa or education institution. He was also appointed as Qazi of Kanda by Mir Mehmud Khan, the Khan of Kalat who ruled the country from 1794 to 1831 AD.His notable disciples of Kanda medressa were Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan and Khalifo Muhammad Yakoob Pechooho, who was later known as Muhammad Yakoob Humayuni.His father Muhammad Mubarak belonged to the Pechhoha branch of Abra caste and lived in Chhattar Balochistan. He was a great saint of his times. In 1239 AH (1824 AD) Mian Muhammd Kamil died. He was a great Islamic scholar of Katbar Sharif in Kachhi balochistan. He belonged to Lalupota clan of Wadho caste or Abro tribe. He had three sons; 1) Mian Muhammd Jam 2) Mian Muhammad Hayat and 3) Mian Muhammad Muhsin. Hafiz Maulana Abdul Halim, Makhdoom Muhammad Siddique and Mian Noor Muhammad selected Mian Muhammad Hayat Katbari for his turban ceremony. After some time, Hafiz Maulana Abdul Halim and his beloved disciple Khalifo Muhammad Yakoob Pechooho left Kanda and settled on the banks of Begari canal at Village Abad in District Jacobabad, Sindh.Soon after both of them were invited by Ghazi Khan Soomro and Massu Khan Sadhayo, two landlords and influentials of Humayoon, district Shikarpur, Sindh. It is sadi

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that they had invited these saints in order to safeguard them from mischief of ghosts of that area. Therefore both of them migrated to Village Humayoon and founded an Islamic medressa. Both of the treacher and student started teaching from this medrassa by increasing large number of disciples day by day. In 1253 AH (1835 AD) Khalifo Muhammad Yakoob Humayooni built a beautiful mosque in Humayun which still stands.Soon after, Hafiz Maulana Abdul Halim died in 1254 AH or 1838 AD at Rohri where he had established his Islamic institute. Mir Noor Muhammad Khan Talpur then ruled over Sindh. His grave is located on a hill in the south of Railway Bridge Rohri. He is commonly known as Pakhey Waro Pir by the people. According to the Persian writings of Mian Ubedullah Mekan, the shrines of Faqir Qadir Bux Bedial (1815-1873). The father of Bedil, Faqir Muhammad Muhsin Patoli was the devotee of Syed Moulvi Abdul Wahab of Bhag Nari, who was a disciple of Mir Janullah Shah Rizwi of Rohri Sharif. While Mir Janullah Shah Rizwi was an important deputy of Sufi Shah Inayat of Jhok Sharif.Hafiz Maulana Abdul Halim never married and lived a saintly life. Khalifo Muhammad Hussain Mahesar (Garhi Khairo), Miain Hamidullah Hamid Huzzori Tunio (Miro Khan), Sufi Jan Muhammad Shah Rizwi (Rohri), Sachal Sarmast (Daraza Sharif) were his contemporaries.According to the statement of Moulvi Faiz Muhammad Dool (Jacobabad), the caste of Hafiz Moulana Abdul Halim was Dool.This statement needs verification. Maulana Abdul Halim Mekan used to carry Sattu, a food stuff in south Asia consisting of a mixture of ground pulses and other cereals. He always offered Namaz during the travel and lived a simple life. The Qazi s of Rohri are said to be his disciples. He never married in his life.

After the death of Hafiz Maulana Abdul Halim, Khalifo Muhammad Yakoob Humayuni became head teacher at his medrassa.In 1261 AH (1845 AD) God blessed Khalifo with a son who is called Abdul Ghafoor Humayuni. Abdul Ghafoor got his earlier education from his father Muhammad Yaqoob (Rehmatullah Illahe) who was also a well known Islamic scholar of his time. He was 12 years old when his father died. After his father death he got his later education from Sultan Mehmud Saitpuri who was a student of his father. He was a great scholar of Arabic, Persian and Sindhi. He was also known as a traditional healer and had command over knowledge of medicine. Besides that he was great poet as well and the book of his poetry is known as Dewane Maftoon, published by Sindhi Adabi Board Hyderabad Sindh. His poetry is also sung by Abida Parveen. Once Maulana Ubedullah Sindhi came to visit him and discussed Islamic education matters. Humayuni died in 1336 AH (1918 AD).The annual urs of Mian Abdul Ghafoor Humayuni is held at the Dargah Humayun Sharif, some 20 kilometers away from Shikarpur.

Geographical Position of Kanda, Cutch Gundava, Balochistan on 15th August 1838 AD

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Hafiz Moulvi Mian Abdul Aziz: His life, descendents & Works

Hafiz Moulvi Mian Abdul Aziz Mekan had two sons;

1) Moulvi Atta Muhammad Mekan: he had two sons

a) Moulvi Abdul Halim Mekan II (d. 1323 AH-1903 AD) Moulvi Abdul Halim Mekan-II had a son Moulvi Khuwaja Nasiruddin Mekan. He was born in 1298 AH-1880 AD at Kanda Balochistan. His mother Bibi Noor Khatoon was sister of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. It is why his parents sent him to Shahdadkot for Islamic studies under the supervision of his maternal uncle. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan specially deputed Maulana Attaullah Feroshahi as his teacher. He was only 25 years old when Mian passed away in 1905 AD. He died in 1347 AH-1928 AD at Shahdadkot. He was only 48 years old at that time. Moulvi Nasiruddin Mekan had two sons called 1) Mian Abdul Halim Mekan-III and 2) Mian Abdul Wahab Mekan.

Mian Abdul Halim Mekan-III had five sons: 1) Mian Nasiruddin MekanII (B.A, B.Ed & M.A Arabic) 2) Hafiz Mian Abdul Aziz Mekan-III 3) Mian Aatta Muhammad Mekan-II 4) Main Taj Muhammad Mekan III and 5) Main Abdul Hakim Mekan

Mian Abdul Wahab Mekan had two sons: 1) Mian Muhammad Pannah Mekan and 2) Mian Muhammad Umer Mekan

b) Moulvi Abdul Rehman Mekan (d.1340 AH-1921AD) Moulvi Abdul Rehman Mekan lived in Kanda Balochistan. His wife Bibi Ghulam e Zuhra was sister of Mian Siddique Mekan. They had three sons: 1) Mian Abdul Aziz Mekan II 2) Mian Abdul Rauf Mekan and 3) Main Ahmed Din Mekan II.Mian Abdul Aziz Mekan- II had a son Mian Taj Muhammad Mekan II.

Mian Abdul Rauf Mekan had a son Mian Ubedullah Mekan Mian Ubedullah Mekan had a son Mian Abdul Rauf Mekan II and he has a son Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan (TV Mechanic) Main Ahmed Din Mekan II had a son called Mian Abdul Rehman Mekan- II. Mian Abdul Rehman Mekan- II was born in 1920 and died in 2008 at Shahdadkot. He received Islamic education in Arabic and Persian from Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi (1919-2004). He also did trade in grain. Hafiz Faiz Muhammad Bhatti was his partner in this business. He has three sons: 1) Mian Ahmed Din Mekan 2) Main Abdul Nabi- III and 3) Professor Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan.

2) Moulvi Hafiz Taj Muhammad Mekan: he had two sons

a) Mian Abdul Hakim Mekan II (d.1316 AH- 1898 AD) b) Hafiz Mian Abdul Nabi Mekan II (d.1326 AH-1908 AD)

Parents, & Siblings of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan

Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan was born in 1206 AH (1792 AD) at village Kanda, Tambu Balochistan.His father Mian GHulam Muhammad Mekan was notable of Kanda Balochistan who also owned some lands.He received his religious education from Hafiz Maulana Abdul Halim Mekan, who died in Rohri, Sindh.He married with Bibi Alam Khatoon Mekan; the daughter of Maulana Hafiz Abdul Aziz Mekan I. Moulvi Atta Muhammad Mekan I, and Moulvi Hafiz Taj Muhammad I, were his brothers. Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan migrated from Kanda to Shahdadkot in 1856-57. She died in 1874 at Shahdadkot and was

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buried in the graveyard of Bhanbho Khan Khuhawar located in the north of the town.Four years after her death Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan also died in 1296 AH/ 1879 AD at Shahdadkot. His eldest son Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan performed his funeral prayers. He was buried beside his newly opened Medrassa after his death. It is told that he was much taller and had fair complexes.

Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan had three sons;

1. Allama Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan 2. Maulana Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan 3. Maulana Mian Ghulam Umer Mekan

Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan had two daughters;

1. Bibi Noor Khatoon; She was married to Mian Abdul Halim Mekan II, the Qazi of Kanda Balochistan. 2. Bibi Ghulam e Zuhra; She was married to Mian Abdul Rehman Mekan I, the Qazi of Kanda Balochistan.

Genealogical Tree of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan: 1844-1905 AD

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Kanda, Balochistan

Grave of Mian Abdul Halim Kandvi 1321 AH/ 1903 AD Grave of Mian Abdul Nabi Kandvi 1326 AH/ 1908 AD

Grave of Mian Abdul Rehman Kandvi 1340 AH/ 1921 AD Grave of Mian Abdul Rauf Kandvi 1342 AH/ 1923 AD

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Kalat & First Anglo Afghan War-1839

Allama Noor Muhammad Mekan was only 2 year s old when Mir Nasir Khan Noori, the Khan of Kalat died at Gandawah. He ruled the country wisely and justly for 40 years.The Ruler of Kalat left behind three sons; 1) Mehmud Khan 2) Mustafa Khan and 3) Muhammad Rahim Khan and two daughters named 1) Bibi Zainab and 2) Bibi Murad Khatoon. Mir Mehmud Khan succeeded his father in the Khanship of Kalat. He ruled Balochistan from 1794 to 1831. Mir Mehmud Khan was succeeded by his son Mir Mehrab Khan. During first Anglo Afghan War, from Shal (Quetta), Sir Alexander Burnes, Captain Pattison, Captain Simpson and Mohan Lal Kashmiri went to Kalat on 25th March 1839, with the object of inducing Mir Mehrab Khan, to assist the British troops with supplies of grain and grass, to check the marauding parties of Balochis, and to tender his submission to Shah Shuja-ul-Mulk. According to Mohan Lal Kashmiri, Mir Mehrab Khan was absolutely illiterate. (Life and Work of Mohan Lal Kashmiri: 1812-1877, by Hari Ram Gupta, MA, PhD, Lahore 1943, Page 123). It is said that Mir Mehrab Khan had appointed Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan as the Qazi of Kanda. Later on, he was appointed as tutor of Mir Nasir Khan II and Mir Khudad Khan, two sons of the Khan of Kalat. Mehrab Khan, the son of Mehmud Khan, showed at the first some vigour in his administration. After the successful installation of Shah Shujah, the bulk of the British forces began to leave. But as they did so, they took the opportunity to attack those tribes who had been raiding the supply trains and causing problems for the communications lines. Sir John Keane's retreating force stopped by Kalat to try and impose order on the unruly tribesmen there.On the 5th of November 1839 Major-General Willshire drove the defenders from nearby hills and stormed the fortress of Kalat. Mehrab Khan, with several of his chiefs fell fighting sword in hand, the loss of his troops exceeding 400. Of the rest, about 2000 were made prisoners; the British loss was 31 killed and 107 wounded. The chiefs killed were; Sardar Wali Muhammad Mengal, Mir Taj Muhammad Mengal, Muhammad Ali Shahizai Mengal, Mir Abdul Karim Raisani, Sardar Asad Khan Raisani, Shahgasi Noor Muhammad, Arbab Khan Muhammad Dehwar, Diwan Bacha Ram, Sardar Dad Karim Shahwani, Sardar Shahbaz Khan Nichari, Badal Khan Nichari,and Fazil Muhammad Lehri. While Mula Muhammad Hussain, Naib Rahimdad and Akhund Muhammad Siddique and some 30 others surrendered in the fortress. They were taken to Shikarpur as captives and were sent to the fort of Bakhar. The British forces occupied Miri treasure which is said to be 12 Lakh Rupees of worth.They also seized jewels; swords, guns, and horses. Mir Nasir Khan II, Bibi Ganjan and Daroga Gul Muhammad moved to Nushki. Lieutenant Loveday pursued him to that place, and the young prince proceeded to Panjgur and thence to Kharan, where they were received by Azad Khan Naushirwani.

Shah Nawaz Khan, a cousin of Mir Nasir Khan II, was installed as new ruler of Kalat. Lieutenant Loveday of the 37th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry was appointed as British Agent with the Kalat. He had 30 soldiers. He had been recently attached to the political agency of Shal (Quetta) as an Assistant to Captain Bean, accompanied Major general Willshire s force, and on the fall of Kalat he was left there on the request of Shah Nawaz Khan. The districts of Mastung and Quetta, in the Sarawan Province and Kachhi Gandava were made over to Shah Shuja. While the districts of Harand and Dajal were already sold to Ranjit Singh by Syed Muhammad Sharif in the days of Mehrab Khan. The chiefs including Isa Khan of Wadd, Kamal Khan of Baghwan and Rashid Khan Zehri were friends of Shah Nawaz Khan and the British.Majority of the Balochis regarded the new order with aversion, and only awaited time and opportunity for putting the son of Mehrab Khan on the throne of his father. Kalat was ill supplied and its walls were very old to protect the capital. In July 1840, Mir Nasir Khan II succeeded in obtaining possesstion of the fortress of Kalat; the Brahui garrison having deserted the cause of Shah Nawaz Khan, who abdicted in favour of Mir nasir Khan II. Shah Nawaz Khan urged Lieutent Loveday to acoompany him but he refused to do so. Describing Loveday s troubles A.W.Hughes says that Captain Charles Masson and Lieutenant Loveday both were removed to Mastung, whence Masson was sent to Quetta with letters to Captain Bean, Political

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Agent at Quetta.Though under obligations to return Masson was detained a prisoner by Captain Bean who apparently connected him with the disturbances in the Kalat. Loveday remained behind with his captors. Hugh Murray writes in his History of British India that, Loveday, who was thus made prisoner, was very harshly treated, and at last barbarously murdered. Nusseer then advanced upon Dadur, an important British post, which he took, and plundered its magazines; but Major Boscawen came up next day and obliged him to retreat. Larger reinforcements arriving soon after, General Nott took the command, and marched upon Kelat, which he reached on the 3rd November, but found it abandoned by the enemy. At length, on the 1st December, Colonel Marshall from Kotra succeeded in surprising the enemy s camp, and routed and dispesed his force . (History of British India by Hugh Murray, London 1850, Page 618). Dhadhar situated about 4 miles from the entrence of the Bolan Pass and it contained 5000 inhabitants at that time. From the 10th November 1840, until the 13th January 1841, the British forces never knew what a sound night s rest was, nor free from being equipped and lying on their arms. Lieutenent Loveday was fastened and tied with a camel. His headless body being found chained to a camel seat. Battlefields at Kanda, Dhadhar & Gandawah

General John Jacob (1812-1858) wirites in his Sind Irregular Horse that, In September 1840, Lieutenant Curtis, with the head-quarters of the regiment, arrived in Upper Scinde, having left a detachment of 50 men at Hyderabad. In October 1840 Lieutenant Curtis and Malcolm, with the headquarters of the regiment, 240 strong, joined the force under Major Boscawen, and served in the campaign against Meer Nusseer Khan, of Kelat, and the Brahooees. On 18th October 1840 the regiment having been sent in advance of the force from Burshooree towards Kunda, fell in with the enemy, attacked and pursued them from for a considerable distance towards Kotree. On 19th October 1840, engaged in affair with the Brahooees near Kunda, where a great number of the enemy, were slain, the S.I.Horse losing 4 men and 11 horses. On 2nd November engaged in the action near Dadur, when Meer Nusseer Khan with the whole Brahooee army, was driven from his position near the entrance of the Bolan pass, his whole force dispersed or destroyed, and himself forced to fly to the hills, abandoning his camp, baggage, &c.In the fight many men and horses of the S.I.Horse were killed and wounded. A detachment of 30 men of the regiment, under Lieutenant Vardon, routed a large party of Brahooees near Bhaugh. (Record Book of the Scinde Irregular Horse: Vol; I (1839-1851) London 1856, Page 4). It comes into light that a Hindu richman tried to save Lieutenant Lovedays life. A rich Hindu merchant, however, bribed the chiefs, with 2,000 Rupees to spare Loveday s life. They then went forward, leaving their prisoner at Mastung. In a few days they returned, their forces dispersed, and the Khan, with one hundred men, went to Khilat, taking Loveday with him. (A Glance at Sind before Napier or Dry Leaves from Young Egypt by E.B.Eastwick, England 1849, 1851; Reprinted by Oxford University Press Karachi Pakistan 1973, Page 168). It is said that the above Hindu merchant belonged to Gandava area and he carried out his business in Sibi, Dhadar and Kalat. He also ran his business in Sindh. Mir Nasir Khan II imprisioned this merchant in the blame of betrayal.

Describing conversion of Sheikh Community of Shahdadkot, as a Muslim from Hinduism, Mehrulah Khan Sheikh (1912-1991) says, According to some oral traditions of our family, it is said that when Mir Nasir Khan II, the Khan of Kalat attacked Sibi and Dhahdar, he impersined some Hindu Brahmins (Monks) on the charge of betrayal. While seeing this, my great grandfather named Diwan Hotaldas Chhabria and other notables of Hindu Community presented themselves to the Khan of Kalat as sureties on behalf of captives. When these Brahmins were set free from Kalat, they rushed to Sindh without informing the guaranteers or sureties. Eventually the guarnteers Hotaldas and others were held hostages by the ruler of Kalat.The caretakers of the people were Muslims who took great care of the detained persons so much so that there was no difference of eatables and relationship. It is told that after some time Mir Nasir Khan II, the Khan of Kalat ordered their release by taking pithy upon them and by sseing their submissive natute. When Hotaldas and his companions returned back to their homes honourably, their opponents spread rumors against them saying that they have taken meals in the hands of Muslims and lived with them for long time so they must be socially boycotted from the Hindu Community living in Gandava. In the

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meanwhile Hotaldas and others tried to convince his community heads by imploring and crying but they didn t accept them as Hindus. They displayed great hatred against them and rejected their statements. It is supposed that the captives had been forcibly converted to Islam by Khan of Kalat in the prison.

By the effort of Colonel Stacy, Mir Nasir Khan II was induced to submit to the British Government. He gave himself to up into the hands of Colonel Marshall near Kotra in the province of Gandava. On 6th October 1841 Mir Nasir Khan II was formally installed as Khan of Kalat by Major Outram, then in political charge of both Sindh and Balochistan. The ceremony was attended by Major Outram, Brigadier England and other British officials and Brahui chiefs. On 13th October 1841, Kaisoo, the man who put Lieutenant Loveday to death was brought in and made over for trial in the agency camp.Mir Nasir Khan II at first acknowledged Shah Shuja Durani as the paramount power in Baluchistan, but subsequent events in Kabul caused this undertaking to be annulled. In 1854, as a consequence of the European imbroglio with Russia, a formal treaty; the first of those with Kalat, was concluded with the British Government. Quarrels broke out between him and the chiefs and perhaps Mir Nasir Khan II died by poison in 1857. After the death of Mir Nasir Khan II, his half brother Mir Khudadad Khan was proclaimed the Khan of the Baloch in 1857. According to some of the oral traditions Mir Nasir Khan II behaved well with Hotaldas and other Hindus of Gandava and permitted them to foster trade. When the news of Mir Nasir Khan s death arrived to them they collectively decided to run away from Ganadava. They thought that Mir Khudadad Khan, the new Khan of Kalat would interrogate in the murder of Mir Nasir Khan II. They would be treated harshly once gain by the Khan. At last some of them decided to settle down in Sindh for ever. In this way these poor familes of Hindus came to Shahdadkot where Sirai Pir Bakhsh Khan Khuhawar provided them shelter and protection. Now, they were neither Hindus nor Muslims.

Continuing this story, Ashfaque Hussain Sheikh, SS Govt: Boys Higher Secondary School Qubo Saeed Khan, quoting her century old aunt says that, Our elders were Hindutraders of Gandava. They cultivated mustard crop in the Kachhi Plains after rainfalls. They pressed seeds of mustard plants and filled their clay jars for the saleat their shops. One day some one told them that the Khan of Kalat is going to attack them. Having listened this, they gathered their families and rushed towards Shahdadkot for safety. When the Khan of Kalat suddenly attacked their residences he couldn t find any soul but their left over properties including jars of clay filled with oil.His Brahui tribesmen broke these jars into pieces with great anger and outrage. The oil of these jars is said to be flowed for 3 miles distance. When the Khan of Kalat left the place the servants of our elders dug out the hidden money and other valuables and fled to Jhal Magsi. After some time they also came to Shahdadkot and started their own business. Village Kanda was a junction between Sindh and Balochistan since1840s. On 27 February 1842, Naik Munni Ram of Sindh Irregular Horse marched with a party of suwars from Bhag towards Kanda. He was attacked by Balochis and Jhok Qasim. Three of the Balochis were killed and several wounded in this affair. Kamber town of Upper Sindh Frontier was plundered by the Balochis in 1844. On 15th November 1844, Sir Charles Napier reached at Pokhran from Ghaibidero, Kamber. In January 1845, Sir Charles Napier along with General John Jacob, Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur, Nawab Wali Muhammad Chandio (Chief of Ghaibidero) and Sardar Ahmed Khan Magsi (Chief of Jhal Magsi) marched against Dombkis, Jakhranis and Bugtis in Kachhi.

On 4th May 1847, a party of Balochi horsemen crossed the desert at Garhi Khairo and carried off a number of camels in the neighbourhood of it. On the orders of Sir Charles Napier, Commanding the troops in Sindh, the post of Garhi Khairo was placed under the orders of General John Jacob. Shortly General John Jacob wrote to Sir Charles Napier that, There are, I understand, fifty Chandia horsemen, under command of Captain Fitzgerald, posted at Dost Ali; it would be a good arrangement were half of these men ordered to Khyree Ghuree, posting three of themmid way to Shahdadpoor to carry information. (Record Book of Sind Irregular Horse; Vol: I, 1839-1851, London 1856, Page 101). The Balochis continued inroads on the Sindh border and plundered villages, murdered their inhabitants and devastated the country. The raids by the Marris and Bughtis continued on Sindh Kalat border. Captain John Jacob reportedin September 1848 that The whole province

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of Kachhi is being overrun by the Marris, and the peaceful inhabitants are fast leaving the country with their families and property to reside in Sind . Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar once again took initiatives to develop Shahdadkot town after the floods of 1849. Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan was Chief Justice (Qazi) and illustrious scholar in the court of Mehrab Khan, the Ruler of Kalat. He remained on the same position in the Khanship of Mir Nasir Khan II but in the early rule of Mir Khudadad Khan he resigned from his post due to the cruelty and behavior of Mir Khuhdadad Khan to him. At first, he moved towards Mian Hamid Huzoori Tunio (1798-1873) who was a highly reputed scholar in Miro Khan at that time. Indian Mutiny of 1857 & Revolts in Sindh Kalat Border

In the Indian Mutiny of 1857, Sardar Dilmurad Khan Khosa, Darya Khan Jakhrani and Syed Inayat Shah revolted against the British in Jacobabad Sindh. Soon they were arrested and sent to Andaman & Nicobar Islands in Indian Ocean and Aden as rebellion prisoners. Bahadur Khan Khoso (1845-1930) , the only son of Sardar Dilumrad Khan was a small boy and his mother Seza, a Jamali woman by tribe went to General John Jacob who ordered a piece of land to be given to the family near Dilmurad Wah in thul Taluka. He founded Bahadurpur village and constructed a beautiful Mosque in the east of Jacobabad city. Ghulam Ali Jakhrani was recognized as a chief of the Jakhrani tribe after his father Darya Khan s capture. He resided in Village Janidera near Jacobabad, Sindh. No disturbances were recorded in Larkana surrounding at that time. At that time, Khanbahadur sirai pir Bux Khan Khuhawar-I, protected Shahdadkot area with the support of English. The Qazi tribe founded a Medrassa and a mosque in the town which is still called as Masjid-ul-Qazi. Qazi Allah Bux, Qazi Ghulam Sarwar, Qazi Nabi Bux, Haji Amir Bux and Captain Dr. Abdul Hameed Qazi are wellknown names of this family. This family had migrated from Village Tando murad Ali Khuhawar, Taluka Miro Khan to Shahdadkot with Khuhawars in 1840s. Mir Khudad Khan, the Khan of Kalat: His Rule, Character & Captivity by the British

Mir Khudadad Khan, ascended throne in 1857. During his nominal rule, the British further strengthened their grip on Balochistan, and the Baloch land was divided into three parts. Throughout Balochsitan, a state of anarchy prevailed because of uneding disputes between the tribal chiefs and the Khan. In this period, several Baloch tribes raised the flag of rebellion against the British and its protege, the Khan. Soon after his inauguration as the Khan, Sardar Azad Khan Nosherwani, the ruler of Kharan, in collaboration with the rulers of Makran, attempted to install Mir Fateh Muhammad, the brother of desposed Khan, Mir Shah Nawaz Khan, on the throne of Kalat. In 1858, the Khan sent a force to Kharan and Makran to deal with the problem. Bibi Mehnaz, the wife of Mir Nasir Khan II, had gone to her father s home at Kharan. She was daughter of Mir Azad Khan Nosherwani, Ruler of Kharan. Mir Khudad Khan wanted to marry Bibi Mehnaz but she refused to do so. After sometimes Mir Khudadad Khan suddenly attacked on Kharan with large force. When Mir Azad Khan Nosherwani, could not resist Khan Khuhdad Khan, he went to Afghanistan for assistance. In his absence Bibi Mehnaz continued fighting form her fort with Khan of Kalat. On 7th day Khan of Kalat finally agreed for ceasefire. The Khan demanded the handover of the fugitives from the Afghan Governmnet, which was refused by the Afghans. It created a lot of tension between the Khan and the Afghan King after exchange of some heated correspondence.

Mir Khudadad Khan put his uncle Mir Azam Khan and his son Mir Sher Dil Khan, the two claiments of the Kalat Government under house arrest in Kalat. However, Mir Sher Dil Khan succeeded in reciving the support of Sir John Malcolm, Mulla Muhammad Raisani, and Mir Taj Muhammad Zarakzai for him. While Mir Khudad Khan, along with tribal chiefs, was encamped at Gandava in Kachhi, an attempt was made on his life. On March 16, 1863, while on a horse ride, he was attacked by the contender to the throne of Kalat, Mir Sher Dil Khan. The Khan was critically injured by taking several satb wounds all over his body. While the Khan was recuperating in Gnadava, Sardars recognized Mir sher Dil Khan as the Khan of Kalat without a fight in 1863. Mir Khudadad Khan took refuge among Jamalis of Noor Wah in the vicinity of Shahdadkot & Garhi

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Khairo. Mir Sher Dil Khan tried to get recognition from Afghan King and the British Officials of Jacobabad but failed. After more than two years of struggle for the throne of Kalat, Mir Sher Dil Khan was killed while he was on his way to Kalat from kachhi in May 1864. After his death, Mir Khudadad Khan regained the rulership of the state. (The Baloch and Balochsitan by Naseer Dashti, 2012, Pages 232-234).

According to Tufail Ahmed Pathan (Tarin) of Shahdadkot, Chhuto Khan Pathan was a Commander of Mir Sher Dil Khan, the Ruler of Kalat. After the assassination of Mir Sher Dil Khan left Kalat and settled at Shahdadkot. A family of Brahmin Hindus also came with him on his way to Sindh. Soon, Marri and Bugti uprisings arose in Kachhi and Bolan. In October 1869, Mir Khudad Khan ordered a surprising attack on Mengal headquarter at Wadh. Jam Mir Khan was later arrested by the British in Karachi and Sardar Noordin mengal fled to Kandhar. On a manufactured case of a murder, the new agent to Governor General, General James Brown, arrested and deposed Mir Khudad khan in 1893. Later the British appointed his son Mir Mehmood Khan as new Khan of Kalat. Mir Khudad Khan was kept in captivity at Pishin where he died in 1909. His grave is still in a Jail in Bori, Pishin Balochistan. Mir Khudad Khan, the Ruler of Kalat, Balochistan with tribal chiefs

22

Grant of land to Mian Noor Muhammad Mekon by Khan of Kalat

Besides his religious influence, Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan gained prestige and power as a Zamindar of great repute. The evidence comes from the Land Grant Documents some of which have survivied and which will now be discussed in detail. It is an important discovery in the history of Shahdadkot. Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan had agricultural lands in Deh Mouza Moulvi in Kanda, Tambu Balochistan. These lands were granted to him by Mir Khudad Khan, the Ruler of Kalat with his seal. The boundaries of the Jagir were as follows; Jakhrani Wah was in its east. A Nala and a garden situated in its west. In the north was Hingan Nai. While in the south lied the lands and fort of Palyani. The village of late Hafiz Mian Abdul Aziz was also located in the vicinity of this Jagir. The names of Moulvi Mian Atta Muhammad and Hafiz Mian Taj Muhammad are also written in this Sanad. The order also gives name of Fazilat-o-Fazail Pannah Moulvi Mulla Noor Muhammad which is indeed father of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. This Sanad is in the custody of Professor Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan.

According to the statement of Mian Abdul Halim Mekan the above Jagir was consisted on round about 20,000 Jarebs of unsurveyed land (Fayooziat-e-Siddiquai March April 1960, Page 7) Kanda has been deserted and only the remains of a historic graveyard can be seen at the site. The area of this graveyard was about 5 Jarebs but now a day it has been reduced to some jarebs. The site of Kanda and the old graveyard are about 50 Kilometers in the south west of Tambu. Presently some people of Arain and Abra castes have rehabilitated the old town of Kanda. Their head is a Rind. While the lands of Mekan familes have been occupied by the Baloch tribes since last many years. They have started cultivating lands again. The old graveyard of Kanda Balochistan

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The land grant document in Persian language issued by Mir Khudad Khan, the Khan of Kalat on 29th Sha aban 1274 AH or Wednesday 14th April 1858 AD confirms that Moulvi Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan, Moulvi Atta Muhammad Mekan and Moulvi Mian Taj Muhammad Mekan

were holding agricultural lands on Hinghan Nai, in Kanda, Tambu, Balochistan.

24

Migration from Kanda Balochistan to Shahdadkot 1857

One of the first acts of Mir Khudad Khan, the new ruler of Kalat was to open fire with his guns on the chiefs, who lay encamped near the city of Kalat. Revolts after revolts followed. Conflicts between tribes and the Khan declined Kalat. In 1857, the British, on the demand of Sardars, forced the Khan to sack his loyal prime minister Darogha Gul Muhammad and appoint Shah Ghasi Wali Muhammad as the prime minister. On the demand of Sardars, the Khan also exiled his most competent advisor Diwan Ganga Ram from the Khanate territory. (The Baloch and Balochistan: By Naseer Dashti, United States of America, 2012, Page 236). Diwan Ganga Ramwas the advisor of Mir Nasir Khan II. He was resident of Rohri, Sindh.After him, Mula Jan Muhammad Tunio of Rohri was deputed as envoy from Talpurs of Sindh to Kalat and Kabul.He originally belonged to Bhag Nari Balochistan. According to historians and oral traditions following were the reasons of migration of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan form Kanda Balochistan to Shahdadkot Sindh;

1.

Mir Khudad Khan Brahui, the Khan of Kalat wanted to marry Murad Bibi, the widow of his brother Mir Nasir Khan II. She was the sister of Sardar Taj Muhammad Khan Zarakzai of Jhalawan. Sardar Murad Khan Moosiani also advised Mir Khudad Khan to do so but Mir Khudad Khan and his mother Bibi Ganjan were asking for the marriage of Sardar Taj Muhammad Khan s young daughter. After continuous discussions he finally declared that he would marry both women. According to Rai Bahadur Lala Haturam (1877-1934) this act of marriage was illegal in Islamic Sharia. (See: Tareekh –e-Balochistan by Rai Bahadur Lala Haturam, 1907, Page 119 & 120).For solving this issue Mir Khudad Khan, the Khan Kalat wanted Fatwa in his favour from Mian Noor Muhammad mekan, the Chief Qazi of Kalar State which was not issued in his favour.The act of Qazi irritated the Khan of Kalat, but as the matter was clearly against the Islam and Quran he kept mum.

2.

Afterwards, Mir Khudad Khan Brahui, the Khan of Kalat sent a caseto Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan. The case was about disputes of land between Nawab Asadullah Khan Raiani, Chief of Sarawan and Mohram Khan Brohi (Kachhi) parties. The Khan of Kalat had ordered Qazi Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan to favour Mohram Khan Brohi. Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan replied him that he would decide according to Islamic law and rule. Qazi listened views of both the parties with patience, care and seriousness.Finally he gave the decision in the favour of Nawab Asadullah Khan Raiani. When this news arrived to Khan of Kalat, he erupted in anger and lost the temper.Nawab Assadullah Khan Raisani was awarded Order of the Queen Victoria.The British government decorated him knighthood-only Nawab awarded such decoration from Balochistan province. He was appointed as CIE (Council of Indian Empire), a title given by the British Empire.His son Nawab Ghous Bux Khan Raisani was Governor of Balochistan (1971 to 1972). His son Nawab Aslam Khan Raisaniremained the Chief Minister of Balochistan from 9 April 2008 – 14 January 2013.Aminullah Khan Raisani was the ambassador of Pakistan to Oman.

3.

The Khan of Kalat was forcibaly converting Hindus to Islam. After these incidents, Mir Khudad Khan, the Ruler of Kalat visited Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan. Qazi Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan presented him his resignation. He also handed over seal of the Qazi to the officials to the Khan. Soon after, Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan left Kalat and went to Kanda. They finally decided to move Sindh in the darkness. The land was full of hill torrents, flood waters and wilderness. At last they they left Kalat terretories and entered within the border of Sindh and became guests of Mian Hamidullah Hamid Huzoori Tunio at Miro Khan in the old Larkana district of Sindh.It was the year 1272 AH or 1857 AD.

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Role of Mian Hamid Huzoori Tunio in settlement of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan in Shahdadkot

One day, Mian Hamid Huzoori Tunio sent special invitations to his followers for Juma prayers at Miro Khan.On this Khuhawars, Chandios and the Mastois of Shahdadkot area also preapared themselves to see their master. At last, when the Juma prayers were finished Mian Hamid Huzoori Tunio stood and briefed all the disciples about the arrival of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan and his caravan from Kanda Balochistan. He introduced the guests with the landlords of the area. After introduction, he offered them that if anyone of them is willing then he may have the company of the saint for ever.

According to Mian Nasiruddin Mekan (1960), Faiz Muhammad Soomro (1966), Fahmida Naz Mughal (1974) and Mian Ahmed Din Mekan (1981) Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar, brought Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan, his bother Moulvi Khair Muhamad Mekan, other family members, disciples and Hindu traders from Miro Khan in 1272 A.H/ 1857 AD. The number of total familes is said to be 63 while there were 120 discilpes who learnt Holy Quran and Islamic education from Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan and his sons. Among them there were 9 families of the Hindus locally known as Punjabis these days. The two brothers of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan named Mian Kher Muhammad Mekan and Mian Sher Muhammad Mekan were also travelling with this caravan.

While the Muslim tribes and castes who accompanied Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan from Kanda to Shahdadkot were Qazi (Palal), Abra, Dool, Hajam (Mangi), Mochi (Channa), Unar, and Khokhar. Some of the notable names from these castes were as follows; Maulana Qazi Khuda Bux Palal, d. 1929 AD (Village Karira), Mulla Muhammad Isa Unar (Village Mir Ji Nari), Mulla Meenhon Abro (Shahdadkot), Mulla Mehmood Abro (Shahdadkot), Khuda Bux Mangi (Shahdadkot), Loung Mangi (Shahdadkot), Muhammad Qasim Channa (Shahdadkot),Loung Faqir Lohar (Shahdadkot) and Diwan Utamchand Dodeja/ Punjabi (Shahdadkot). Mochi Muhalla in Shahdadkot is named after these Mochis. They were also followers of Sultan Bahoo. Soon after, the Tunio tribesmen also came to Shahdadkot behind them. Hospitality of Khanbahadur Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar-I, with Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan

This little caravan came from Miro Khan to Shahdadkot on 140 bullock carts which were also arranged by Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar. He also made arrangements for their houses in the town.He facilitated Hindus in opening Shops and provided bullocks to Muslims to cultivate their lands. After some time, Mir Khudadad Khan realized his mistake and sent his Naib Mula Pir Jan Tuniotowards Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan but he refused to go back to Kanda Balochistan. Bibi Ganjan, the mother of Mir Khudadad Khan dug a well for travelers in the medressah of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan. The well was closed by people later.Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan, his family members, disciples and Hindu traders lived in village Karira; 4 Kilometers in the south of Shahdadkot until their houses and market shops had been constructed. Sirai Muhammad Ali khan Khuhawar was the headman of Village Karira at that time. He was the eldest son of Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar.

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Establishment of Islamic Medrassa by Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan in Shahdadkot

Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan establishedan Islamic Medrassa in Shahdadkot in 1857 AD. The medrassa consisted upon some mud rooms and chambers adjoining to a small mosque and facilty of well water. Mian Nasiruddin Mekan (1960) writes that that initial number of students in Shahdadkot, who received education from Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan was 52. Afterwards this number reached to 300. Mian Ghulam Hyder Katbari and Mian Taj Muhammad Katbari were also his disciples. These students belonged to Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, Kachh, Kabul and Rubat. After finishing studies these students became illustrious scholars of Pakistan, India, Aghanistan, Iran and Saudi Arabia.There were six teachers who used to teach Holy Quran and Islamic law in Arabic and Persian languages. The names of these scholars are given as under; 1) Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan, 2) Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan, 3) Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan, 4) Khalifo Khan Muhammad Abro, 5) Khalifo Ghulam Muhammad Tunio and 6) Qazi Khuda Bux Palal. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan received his early education from his father and his elder brother. The Sirais served meals and arranged the washing of clothes of the students.

Following religious scholars graduated from the Medrassa of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan in Shahdadkot;

S.No

Name Remarks

01 Maulana Abdul Rehman Sukkur, Sindh

02 Maulana Abdullah Soomrani Shikarpur Sindh

03 Maulana Abdul Sattar Rustamani Shikarpur Sindh

04 Maulana Abdul Qadir Panhwar Panhwaro, Kamber, Sindh

05 Maulana Noor Muhammad Bhatti Mirpur, Bhag Nari, Balochistan

06 Maulana Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan Shahdadkot, Sindh

07 Maulana Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan Shahdadkot, Sindh

08 Maulana Mian Ghulam Umer Mekan Shahdadkot, Sindh

09 Maulana Qazi Allah Bux Palal Karira, Miro Khan, Sindh

10 Maulana Ali Sher Chandio Ghaibidero, Kamber, Sindh

11 Makhdoom Muhammad Hassan Qureshi He opened Medrassa in Mai Kheri Mosque at Hyderabad Sindh

12 Maulana Syed Abbass Ali Shah Lanwari Sharif, Badin, Sindh

13 Maulana Abdul Rahim Shikarpuri Shikarpur Sindh

14 Maulana Abdullah Qureshi Berai Ber Sharif, Kamber, Sindh

15 Maulana Ali Muhammad Khuhawar Warah, Sindh

16 Maulana Makhdoom Muhammad Qureshi Ber Sharif, Kamber, Sindh

17 Maulana Haji Ahmed Boohar Boohar, Kamber, Sindh

18 Maulana Syed Taj Mehmood Amroti Amrot Sharif, Shikarpur, Sindh

19 Maulana Haji Ahmed Mulvi Mula Abro, Baqrani, Sindh

20 Maulana Makhdoom Hassanullah Patai Pat Sharif, Dadu, Sindh

21 Maulana Muhammad Ali Odho Garhi Khairo, Jacobabad, Sindh

22 Maulana Kher Muhammad Indhar Pano Aqil, Sukkur, Sindh

23 Maulana Abdul Haque Jani Band, Kamber, Sindh

24 Maulana Mian Ghulam Hyder Ghoto Katbar Sharif Balochistan

25 Maulana Mian Taj Muhammad Ghoto Katbar Sharif Balochistan

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Last days of Hazrat Mian Hamid Huzoori Tunio; Miro Khan 1872 AD

Sheikh Sadik Ali Sher Ali Ansari says that in Sindh, the following tribes are said to belong to the Quraish: - 1) Sheikh (Siddiqui) 2) Tunia and 3) Pirzada. Furthermore, describing Tunia he writes that, Tunia is a Sindhi, and belong to the Samma tribe.They are called Tunia because one of their ancestors was a man of great piety, and one day he entered a pitcher of water (called Kaunro or Lota) through its mouth and came out through its Tun (the pipe like end) and on that account he and his descendents were called Tunia . (The Musalman Races found in Sind, Baluchistan and Afghanistan, by Sheikh Sadik Ali Sher Ali Ansari, First published in 1901, Reprint 1996, Page 7). Bahauddin Zakkariya Multani (1167-1270) is also said to be a Tunio by caste.

After the death of Muhammad Hassan Khuhawar, in the battle of Halani (1783) fought between Kalhora prince Mian Abdul Nabi Kalhoro and Talpur chiefs many Khuhawar families accompanied their master to Punjab and settled there. After the death of MIan abdul Nabi kalhoro these Khuhawars returned back to Shahdadkot, Sindh. According to Maualana Din Muhammad Wafai (1945) some of the Khuhawar chiefs migrated from Punjab to Shahdadkot, Sindh in the days of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. They were accompanied by Awan tribesmen who served as their deputies in Bago Daro, Shahdadkot. Haji Muhammad Esa Awan, a great scholar of Arabic and Persian also belonged to this family of Awan.In the last days of Talpur Rule in Sindh he became disciple of Khalifo Muhammad Yaqoob Humayuni and later Makhdoom Abdul Karim of Matiari.After the conquest of Sindh by the British in 1843, Muhammad Esa Awan left Sindh with his master Makhdoom Abdul Karim of Matiari and his wife and migrated to Saudi Arabia. There, he received religious education from Sheikh Umer Muhadis Yamani. After returning to Sindh, he became tutor of Khwaja Muhammad Saeed of Lanwari Sharif. Then he was appointed as a tutor to Pir Ali Asghar Shah, the son of Pir Pagaro Syed Hizbullah Shah of Pir Jo Goth (Pages 245-246 & 247). After the fall of Kalhora rule many Sindhi tribes of Shahdadkot became devotees to Sachal Sarmast (1739-1829 AD), a Sufi saint of Daraza (Ranipur) as their spiritual leader. As he was highly honoured by the Talpur Amirs of Sindh therefore many of the people became his disciples to save themselves from the cruelities of the Talpur Rulers. Faqir Nanak Yousif Khokhar (Jhal Magsi), Faqir Biro Khan Jamali (Chowki Jamali) Lakhpati Faqir Bhatti (Shahdadkot), Syed Khair Shah (Ratodero) Faqir Muhammad Saleh Qadri (Larkana), Faqir Muharam Chandio (Ghibidero) and Usman Faqir Chaki (Larkana) were his chief disciples in Larkana arae. After his death, the followers of the Shahdadkot area selected Mian Hamid Huzoori Tunio as their religious guide. Main Hamid Huzoori Tunio was born in the house of Mian Roshan Ali Tuino at Miro Khan on 1st Shawal 1213 AH (Friday 8 March 1799 AD). His father Mian Muhammad Roshan Tunio received religious education from Makhdoom Mian Ghulam Muhammad Bugai of Luari Sharif, Sindh. He was associated with Khawaja Muhammad Zaman of Luari (1713-1775), a Sufi

Saint of Sindh. Once Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (1689-1752) came to visit him.Mian Hamid Huzoori Tuino, the son of Mian Muhammad Roshan Tunio was a prominent scholar, Sufi saint and the poet of Sindh border. It is said that he was blessed by Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) in dream. As the number of his devotees increased the Nawab Sohrab Khan Leghari of Miro Khan got frightened and started planning against this saint. The lands of the saint and his followers were deserted and forcibally occupied by the Nawab. Water shortage was declared for their remaining agricultural lands. The shrine of Mian Hamid Huzoori Tunio at Miro Khan

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It was the time when Talpur Amirs ascended the throne. In their rule a Brohi chief marched against Sindh and fought with Nawab Sohrab Khan Leghari. After a severe battle the Legharis were defeated and retreated. It is said that it was the result of the curse of Mian Hamid Huzoori Tunio. Nawab Sohrab Khan Leghari s family declined after this combat. He is said to be a relative of celebrated Nawab Wali Muhammad Khan Leghari, the Governor of Larkana under Talpur rule in Sindh. Mian Hamid Huzoori Tunio died on 5th Shawal 1290 AH (Wednesday 26 November 1873 AD). When his deaths news arrived to Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan, he went into deep sorrow and grief. As he was too old, and his elder son Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan was busy in teaching at Karira, he ordered Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan to accompany him to Miro Khan. It is said that Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan offered funeral prayers of Mian Hamid Huzoori Tunio. He was a poet also. His pieces of poetry in the praise of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) are compiled by Dr. Nabi bux Khan Baloch. His relative, Mula Moosa Tunio belonged to the court of Mir Nasir Khan Noori, the Khan of Kalat. Later he served his son Mir Mehmood Khan and his grandson Mir Mehrab Khan.

Mula Muhammad Khan Tunio was given title of Nawab from Mir Khuhdad Khan. According to Rai Bahadur Lala Hattu Ram it was during this (1885) outbreak that Nawab Mohammad Khan Tunio Vakil of the Khan of Kalat died in the Mula Pass; he was son of Mulla Ahmad Tunio whereas Mulla Pir Jan, Mulla Azim Khan and Mitha Khan were his own sons.Mian Hamid Huzoori Tunio would visit his Shahdadkot followers who were Khuhawars, Chandios, Mastois, Bhurgris, Chodhas, Surahios and Lohars. Memon, Mangria, Mochi, Abra, Machhi, Daya, Gopang, Bhatti and Tunios were also his devotees. Mostly all of the landlords and tribesmen used to perform Juma prayers at Miro Khan at that time. Death of Bibi Alam Khatoon, the wife of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan & River Indus Floods of 1874 AD

Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan kept on going to his relatives at Kanda because his daughters were married there. According to Rai Bahadur Lala Haturam, the population of Kanda in April 1876 was consisted on 200 Muslim houses and it contained about 20 shops of Hindus. Most of the populations had left for Jacobabad, Sindh. The inhabitants took water from Rod-e-Nawak.In April 1876, Major Robert G.Sandeman was sent on a second Mission to Kalat. He crossed from Kanda on 8th April 1876 with Sindh Horse and Punjab Cavalary. (See Tareekh-e-Balochistan 1907, Page 317). Bibi Alam Khatoon, the wife of MIan Noor Muhammad mekan died on 11th Muharam 1291 AH or Saturday 28thFebruary 1874. She was buried in the Graveyard of Bhanbho Khuhawar in the north of Shahdadkot town.

The principal floods or letsaffecting the Larkano district are thee in number-the Jhali, Muhromari, and Kashmore. The two former, as rising in the Sakhar and Shikarpur division, have already been treated of in the description of that district, and it will therefore suffice to say that the Jhali flood in 1870 flowed through the Rato Dero, Khanwah, Bangul Dero, Muhammad Gujrani, Mahiun, Isi, Kambar, Dost Ali, and Panwaro tappas, doing much damage and destroying the staging bungalow at the village of Panwaro. A band which has now been put up at Jhali will, it is expected, keep out this destructive flood in

future years. The Muhromari flood, which has for a long time past caused great devastation in the Shikarpur districts, is also a frequent visitant in the Larkano division. After leaving the Naushahro taluka of the former district, it enters the Warisdino Machi tappa of the Rato Dero taluka, flowing through the Sanjar-Bhati and Karda tappas. (Gazetteer of the Province of Sindh By A.W.Hughes, London, 1876, Page 449). In July 1874, River Indus floods swept 80 towns and villages in Sindh. Gave of Bibi Alam Khatoon in the Graveyard of Miskeen Shah, Shahdadkot

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Shahdadkot: According to Gazetteer of Sindh 1876 AD

Shahdadpur , a Government town in the Kambar taluka of the Larkana Deputy Collectorate in latitude 27 46 N. and longitude 68 E, distant about 30 miles north-north-west from Larkana. It is seated on the west bank of the Dato-Ji-Kur canal, and has road communication with Kamber, Garhi Khairo, Jamali and Hamal, and is the head-quarter station of a Tapadar. The town is situated in a barren tract, which, a short time after the conquest of province by the British , was almost destitute of population, and is described as being more like the bed of a salt lagoon in an interval of spring tides, than an inland district. The population , in unmber about 783, comprises 464 Musalmans of the Pirzadah, Kalhoro, Lashari, Siyal, Magsi, and Muhana tribes, the remainder (319) being Hindus. The chief man of note in this place is Pir Bakhsh Kahawar, a very influential and public spirited Zamindar, who has done much towards raising this town to its former prosperity. At one time Shahdadpurwas a large place , from which Sir John Keane, when in Sind, drew supplies for his army, then on the point of advancing on Afghanistan, after that it fell into ruinous condition-so much so, that when Lieutenant James, the Deputy Collector of the Chandko district, visited it in 1846, an old Hindu was its only inhabitant.The town has a fair trade in wool, rice and grain of different kinds, but there are no manufacturers of any description in it. (Gazetteer of the Province of Sind Compiled by A. W. Hughes- F.R.G.S, F.S.SBOM.UNCOV .Civil Service London 1876 Pages 769-770). Death of Allama Mufti Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan 1879 AD

After sometime, Mir Khudad Khan realized his mistake and sent his Naib Mula Pir Jan to Mian Noor Muhmmad Mekan but he refused to go back to Kanda Balochistan. Bibi Ganjan, the step mother of Khan Khudad Khan dug a in the medrassa of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan at Shahdadkot. This well was called after her name and was closed by the people sometime later. Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan went to Arabia for performing Hajj and he appointed Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan (his eldest son) as incharge of his Madrassa. From Saudi Arabia he brought a book entitled Radd al-Muhtar ala ad-Dur al-Mukhtar, a book on Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) by 18th century Islamic Scholar, Allamah Sayyid Muhammad

Ameen Ibn `Aabideen ash-Shami (1198–1252 AH / 1783–1836 AD). It means "The Answer to the Baffled" over "The Exquisite Pearl".Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan lived only 5 years after his wife s death.

A few days before his death, He spent all his time by offering prayers, reciting Holy Quran and blessing people. He died on 12th Dhul-Hijja 1296 AH equelent to Wednesday 26 November 1879 AD. The disciples and followers did not celebrate eid due to the untimely demise of their beloved master. He was laid into rest at the place adjoining his established Medrassa at Shahdadkot. It is supposed that his funeral prayers were offered by his eldest son Maulana Gul Muhammad Mekan. The grief and sorrow continued for many days inside and outside of the town.Shortly, a small mud tomb was built over his grave by his sons and the disciples. A poet composed following verse on his death; Za he Ta alie Baqa a Ba Safa, Ke Da Ravi Sakoonat Kand Auliya. Allama Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan left following compilations; 1) Hashiya Jamia Tahrirat 2) Hashiya Zaradi 3) Hashiya Sharah Maat Amil 4) Hashiya HIdayat-ul-Nahav 5) Hshiya Isaghoochi 6) Hashiya Badi-ul-Meezan 7) Hashiya Qutbi 8) Hashiya Mer Qutbi 9) Hashiya Abdul Ghafoor 10) Hashiya Sharah-e-Jami 11) Hashiya Hidaya and Hashiya Matool. The grave of Allama Mufti Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan in Dargah Sharif Shahdadkot

30

Maktubaat-e-Imam Rabbani published by Mutazavi Press Delhi in 1290 AH (June 1873 AD) bearing the name of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan. The book was the part of Maulana Qazi Allah Bux Palal of Village Karira, Taluka Miro Khan. Qazi died in 1334 AH or 1915 AD. He received education from Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan and produced great scholars like Maulana Abdullah (Ratodero), Maulana Karimdad (Thorhi) & Maulvi Ghulam Umer (Sita)

Death of Maulana Mian Ghulam Umer Mekan 1885 AD

Moulvi Mian Ghulam Umer Mekan was born around 1850 AD in Kanda Balochistan. He died on 15th Ramadan 1302 AH or (Sunday 28thJune 1885 AD). His wife Bibi Aisha was daughter of Moulvi Mian Atta Muhammad Mekan-I. She died in 1342 AH (1924 AD) at Shahdadkot. This couple was blessed with a son who died very soon after his birth. Moulvi Mian Ghulam Umer Mekan died at a very young age. His grave is located inside Dargah Sharif in Shahdadkot.

Death of Allama Mufti Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan 1888 AD

Main Gul Muhammad Mekan was born on 21st Rajab 1240 AH (Friday 11th March 1825 AD) at Kanda Balochistan. He received his education from his worthy father. At the early age of 17, he started teaching with his father in the same medrassa at Kanda. He migrated with his father from Kanda to Miro Khan and Shahdadkot in 1857 AD. Karira was a large place at that time. Therefore whole of the caravan of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan lived there for a month. Sirai Hussain Ali Khan Khuhawar tellsthat arrangements were made by Sirai Muhmamad Ali Khan Khuhawar I, and his father Khanbahadur Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar beside the prsenst house of Ghulam Hussain Kumbher. Mai Zainab alias Mai Bakhan arranged cooked food for 63 familes in Karira. She had called mian Ghulam Siddique mekan as his brother. Her grave is located in the ladies burial chamber in the west of Dargah Sharif Shahdadkot. Sirai Muhammad Ali Khan Khuhawar-I, was married to Mai Likhan Wadho, a resident of Village Angh, Taluka Shahdadkot. His residential fort was spread on 12 Jarebs of land in Village Karira, 4 Kilometers in the south of Shahdadkot. It was surrounded by round towers with 15 feet high walls.

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Main Gul Muhammad Mekan established a medrassa at Village Karira, taluka Miro Khan in the days of Sirai Muhammad Ali Khan Khuhawar I, who died in the life of Khanbahadur Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar. Maulana did out back from Shahdadkot to Karira through a horse. He is said to be most beautiful person in his family. He used to wear most descent dresses and was expert in horse riding. His sons Mian Muhammad Ismaeil Mekan and Mian Muhammad Pannah Mekan resembled their father. Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan composed verses like Amir Khusro in Persian. Main Gul Muhammad Mekan married with Bibi Hajran Tunio. She belonged to Mehboob Tunio, a village situated on the banks of Koor Dato near Hakim Shah. Presently this village is located in the neighbourhood of Villages Buthi and Bahram in Miro Khan taluka.

He produced 486 Islamic scholars. He died due to Kidney failure on 21st Rabi al-Awal 1306 AH (Monday 26th November 1888 AD) at Shahdadkot. Some of the old people tell that he was poisoned for unknown reasons. It is therefore he is called as a martyre. His grave is located inside Dargah Sharif in Shahdadkot. Makhdoom Muhammad Sidiqui Sehwani was his thick friend. According to Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi, Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan perfomed Hajj at Makkah in Saudi Arabia. There, famous Indian Allama Abdul Hayy Lakhnavi scholar met him and discussed on religious matters all the day long. Finally, Allama Abdul Hayee Lakhnavi was impressed by Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan and he accepted that scholars of Sindh are of highly caliber. (Monthly Shariat Sukkur; Vol: 31, No-9-10 March April 2004, Page 136). Bahr-ul-Uloom Maulana Abdul Hayy Lucknawi Firangi Mahali (1264 - 1304 A.H.) author of many famous works and a great scholar of his time, was born in Banda, India, on Tuesday 26 Zul Qada 1264 A.H (roughly on Tuesday 24 October 1848 AD). He was a descendant Sayyidina Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (R.A). His predecessors emigrated from Madinah Munawwarah to Hirat, then to Lahore, Delhi and finally to Sihala and Firangi Mahal near Lucknow.He passed away in Rabi ul Awwal 1304 A.H. (1886 AD) at the young age of 39 and was buried in the graveyard of his ancestors. Maulana Muhmamad Ibrahim Garhi Yasini was also his disciple. Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan had two sons;

1. Maulana Mian Muhammad Ismaeil Mekan 2. Sahibzada Mian Muhammad Pannah Mekan

Maulana Mian Muhammad Ismaeil Mekan

Maulana Mian Muhammad Ismaeil Mekan was the eldest son of Mian Gul Muhammad mekan. He spent his youth in learning from his father and uncles. He married from Reti tribe of Village Bharmi. Many people of this tribe still live in the west of Shahdadkot. Hindus, who lived in Village Reti, are called Retai till this day. The wife of Maulana Mian Muhammad Ismaeil Mekan served her father in law and her husband by great care. She bore him two male children who died in their first week of their birth.The small graves of these children are located in the north of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan s grave. These graves have been enlarged after 2008 Renovation work. Mian Muhammad Ismaeil Mekandied in a very young age on 15th Safar 1321 AH or Wednesday 13th May 1903 AD and was buried in Dargah Sharif Shahdadkot.

Sahibzada Mian Muhammad Pannah Mekan

Sahibzada Mian Muhammad Pannah Mekan was the second son of Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan. He was of quite young when his life ended. He is said to be redish in colour like his father. He died on 14 Dhul-Hijjah 1320 AH or Saturday 14th March 1903 AD and was buried in Dargah Sharif Shahdadkot.Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan had two daughters;

The graves of Mian Ghulam Umer, Mian Gul Muhammad & Mian Noor Muhammad

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Bibi Gul Bibi

Bibi Gul Bibi was married with Pir Syed Turab Ali Shah Rashdi of Village Ali Khan Taluka Kamber, Sindh. He was son of Syed Abdullah Shah Rashdi. He was spiritually attached with Syed Khalid Ahmed Shami, a great scholar of India. He originally belonged to the family of Pir Pagaro of Kingri, District Khairpur, Sindh. Pir Turab Ali Shah was born in 1857 and died in 1938. He had a son; Syed Abdul Qadir ShahI (d.1963) who had two sons 1) Turab Ali Shah II, alias Suhnal Shah and 2) Ubedullah Shah alias Bhooral Shah. Bibi Gul Bibi visited Shahdadkot many times.

Bibi Alam Khatoon

She was married with Pir Syed Hussain Shah Rashdi of Village Ali Khan Taluka Kamber, Sindh. Syed Hussain Shah had 3 sons; 1) Asadullah Shah 2) Gul Muhammad Shah II (Medina) and 3) Abdullah Shah II alias Baba Kothey Waro. Syed Asadullah Shah had a son called Syed Sher Muhammad alias Mithal Shah. While Syed Abdullah Shah have two sons; 1) Syed Hussain Shah II and 2) Syed Ziauddin Shah. Syed Turab Ali Shah II, alias Suhnal Shah have five sons; 1) Abdul Qadir Shah II alias Akhter Shah 2) Ghulam Siddique alias Molan Shah 3) Ahmed Khalid Shah alias Maqbool Shah 4) Nasiruddin Shah alias Asif Shah and 5) Shah Ali Shah. While Ubedullah Shah II, has two sons 1) Gul Muhammad Shah and 2) Sadique Ali Shah. Ahmed Faqir alias Garal Silro was old servant and devotee of this family.

The Rashdi family of Ali Khan had a best collection of books but they shifted all thse books to Kingri House, district Khairpur Sindh in 2003-04. Pir Turab Ali Shah was leading figure of Khilafat Movement in Sindh. He learnt from Mian Ghulam Siddique of Shahdadkot. Indian Scholar Maulana Khalid Ahmed Shami was also his religious leader.The graveyard of this family is situated in Ali Khan, Kamber. Ali Hassan Khan Hakro, Syed Munawar Shah and Mai Chhatul Magsi are also buried inside the burial chamber. Mai Chhatul Magsi is said to be mother of Mehboob Ali Khan Magsi. She was a devotee of Rashdi Pirs of Kamber.The total number of Students of Allama Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan is said to be 486. Most of these students belonged to Punjab, Kohistan, Balochistan, Dadu, Khairpur, Suukur, Hyderabad, Jamshoro, Miro Khan and Lasbella.

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A Fatwa of Mian Noor Muhmmad Mekan and Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan with their seals replica.

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مولوي ميان گل محمد مي�ڻ شهداد�و ي رحه�ايف موالنا

ٿلھ؛

وان.ــي هزارين گھايا، رمز چوان يا مام چــڻ جــڄـــسگھور

ل در.ــثـــدان مـــــان دنـــلب مرجر رسو صنوبر، ــبــت دلــامــق -1 ھ، زلف چوان يا دام چـــوان.ـيـبـشگي ـن وانــگـينـوار واس

گي عاشق D تاD،ـوان بلبل ،گ گالDـرونق رنرخ جي -2 ادام چوان. ـوان يا بــم چــشــچراD، ـڻ شـيـن وننرگس ميگ

،اPــل وڄـبـطت ـوبــاهي نـاP، شـچــجي ڌم معشق ڍولڻ -3 ام چوان.ـيـا قـوان يــور چـــالP، شــم هــجا هرهنڌ ح�هر

ناهي واندو،جنهن در لئه ماندو، وار تنهV کان ل محمد گ -4 وان. ـــــا آرام چــــوان يـــار چــاه]و عجيب کڻي الله آندو، ي

بان رسائي�يز تخلص به انيس ب �ايف موالنا مولوي ميان گل محمد مي�ڻ شهداد�و ي رحه امل

ٿلھ؛

V.ه دلرب �و در�ار ن يا ـن، ٻـيــه نــار ــن دا يــهــنــ�]ا ــهــار جــaي يــيــم

،گيــنوانگي، نه شمشاد سڌا هي دلدار وا ياريaي ــن مـيــه ــن روـــوان س ـــس -1 .هVــلزار نب دا �و گ ـان ــf جــم ي، ــگــار وانــســاري رخـــانل ــگ ن ــيـــهـــن

رخ گالب وانگي. ـــن س ــــرخ روشي، ــگـــاب وانــتــهــي دا مــاهــن مـــهـــنـــم -2 V. ــهـ�ار نــمــدر دا چ ـــj بــنــ]ا چـــاهگي، ــاب وانــتــري آفــاب �ــا تــکـــت

ان،ــيــي وال مــالــ]ي �ــهــهر جــاليــان، �ــيــال مــثــدي مر ــعل ش� ـللب -3 m يaسهڻي منهن تي .Vدا سينگار نه Vهن خال ميان، اه]ا رسس �نه

ي، ـه هدير بـقــھ روز ازل دي تـجــــي، �ـــر به هـــريـــقــتظ دي ـڻي واعـهــس -4 V. ــهــار نــــالچه]ا �وP به ـس جــيــ، انر به هيــيــقص ـــھ آدم دي تـــجــــ�

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Following is the list of religious scholars who received education from Allama Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan;

S.No

Name Remarks

01 Maulana Muhammad Saleh Siddiqui Pat Sharif, Dadu, Sindh

02 Maulana Makhdoom Attaullah Ferozshahhi Feroz Shah, Radhan, District Dadu Sindh

03 Maulana Haji Hamidullah Memon Belai Memon Belo, Sindh

04 Maulana MakhdooM Din Muhammad Khuhra, Khairpur, Sindh

05 Maulana Attaullah alias Allahdito Barijo Barija, Jhal Magsi, Balochistan

06 Maulana Syed Miran Shah Halani , Sindh

07 Maulana Hussain Muhammad Indhar Sukkur, Sindh

08 Maulana Muhammad Hussain Kandri Waro Kandri, Hyderabad, Sindh

09 Maulana Muhammad Siddique Kandri Waro Kandri, Hyderabad, Sindh

10 Maulana Ali Muhammad Hakro Bathi Hakra, Miro Khan, Sindh

11 Maulana Muhammad Amin alias Nabi Bux Kolachi Osta Muhammad, Balochistan

12 Maulana Qadir Bux Panjgur, Lasbella, Balochistan

13 Maulana Khalifo Rahmatullah Shoro Jamshoro, Hyderabad, Sindh

14 Syed Inayatullah Shah Mula Chacha, Kamber, Sindh

15 Maulana Qazi Dad Muhammad Mekrani Makran, Balochistan

16 Maulana Abdul Hakim Afghan Kabul, Afghanistan

17 Maulana Qazi Khuda Bux Palal Village Karira, Miro Khan, Sindh Construction of Jamia Mosque in Shahdadkot

Shahdadkot was made a taluka of Upper Sindh Frontier/ Jacobabad District February 1884 AD. Mr. Abdul Rauf Sheikh, Mukhtiarkar Shahdadkot built a splendid mosque in the medrassa of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan for pupls and the citizens of the area. Thebuilding of the mosque was constructed out of burnt bricks with 3 beautiful domes and a large gate opening in the east. For many years, it was infact a public hall wher people gathered for Juma and eid prayers. The mosque was built in the last days of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan, probably after 1885 and before 1905 AD. The mosque was constructed with the donations of the people. Mr. Abdul Rauf Sheikh provided much donation as compared to other landlords and influentials of the area. It is one of the earliest mosques in Larkana and Kamber Shahdadkot areas. Sheikhs of the town always supported these scholars. The Pilgrimage of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan to Makkah & Medina, Arabia

Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan performed first Hajj with Khanbahdur Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar. Second time he was accompanied by his son Sirai Muhammad Ali Khan Khuhawar-I and 80 other pilgrims from Shahdadkot. Fare of half of them was paid by Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan himself.In Medina, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) revealed him in a dream that 60 persons would be guided by you everyday. It seems that these pilgrimages were carried out before and after 1888 AD. Saindad Mastoi and Karam Ali Nauker had also gone with them to Arabia. According to Haji Muhammad Umer Soomro, Khanbahdur Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar had taken a goat with him on this long journey because he used to drink its milk. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan had brought a piece of Ghilaf-e-Kaaba from Saudi Arabia which is still preserved by the Mastois in Village Darya Khan Mastoi, Taluka Shahdadkot.

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Copy of letter written by Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan

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Participation of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in the turban ceremony of Nawab Sir Ghaibi Khan Chandio 1894 AD

The Turban ceremony of Nawab Sir Ghaibi Khan Chandio was held on 17th Shaban 1311 AH or Monday 3rd March 1894 AD at Ghaibidero, Taluka Kamber, Sindh. He was only 23 years old at that time. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan of Shahdadkot was also among those honourable guests who were invited in this ceremony and event. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan also tied turban to Nawab Ghaibi Khan Chandio and blessed him. Following is the list of those celebrated guests; 01) Mr. Vettel, Assistant Commissioner to Mr. H.E.M.James, 13th Comissioner of Sindh 02) His Highness Mir Mehmood Khan II, the Khan of Kalat, Balochistan 03) Major General Sir James Brown, Agent Governor General Quetta Balochistan 04) Nawab Siddique Hassan Khan, the Nawab of Bhopal, India 05) Sardar Imam Bux Khan Mazari, Chief of Mazari, Rojhan, Punajb 06) Nawab Sadique Muhammad Khan Abbassi, Nawab of Bahawalpur State, Punjab 07) Nawab Sir Jamal Khan Leghari, Nawab of Choti, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab 08) Sardar Dhani Bux Khan Lashari, Balochistan 09) Sardar Nawab Mehrullah Khan Marri, Kahan, Balochistan 10) Sardar Nawab Shahbaz Khan Bugti, Dera Bugti, Balochistan 11) Sardar Nawab Mehrullah Khan Raisani, Sibi, Balochistan 12) Sardar Nawab Mir Shakar Khan Mengal, Wadh, Balochistan 13) Mir Gohar Khan Zarakzai, Ghat, Balochistan 14) Sardar Mir Azad Khan Nosherwani, Kharan, Balochistan 15) Sardar Mir Bahram Khan Lehri, Lehri, Balochistan 16) Alhaj Sir Jam Mir Ala Khan III, Chief of Lasbella, Balochistan 17) Sardar Nawab Kaiser Khan Magsi, Chief of Jhal Magsi, Balochistan 18) Saradr Nawab Haji Khan Mahar, Khangarh, Mirpur Mathelo, Sindh 19) Sardar Ghulam Muhammad Khan Bozdar, Mirpur Mathelo, Sindh 20) Rais Punhoon Khan Wasan, Sanghar, Sindh 21) Mir Fazul Muhammad Khan Talpur (Shahwani), Jhol, Sindh 22) Pir Syed Saleh Muhammad Shah Gilani, Ranipur, Sindh 23) Mir Taj Muhammad khan Jamali, Rojhan Jamali, Balochistan 24) Syed Muhammad Murad Shah Lakiari, Dargah Hazrat Qalander Lal Shahbaz, Sehwan, Sindh 25) Pir Syed Ageydino Shah Gilani, Tando Muhammad Khan, Sindh 26) Khanbahdur Ghulam Rasool Khan Jatoi, Moro, Sindh 27) Khanbahadur Dhani Bux Khan Jatoi, Beto Jatoi, Sindh 28) Khanbahadur Qaim Khan Sheikh, Noor Muhammad Sheikh, Kamber, Sindh 29) Wadero Khuda Bux Khan Bhutto, Garhi Khuda Bux Khan Bhutto, Sindh 30) Wadero Illahi Bux Khan Bhutto, Mirpur Bhutto, Sindh 31) Wadero Shah Muhammad Khan Khuhro, Aqil, Larkana, Sindh 32) Sardar Imam Bux Khan Jatoi, Napier Abad, Sindh 33) Pir Turab Ali Shah Rashdi, Kamber, Sindh 34) Mian Ali Muhammad Qadri, Larkana, Sindh 35) Sirai Tharo Khan Lahori, Larkana, Sindh 36) Sirai Shah Muhammad Khan Lahori, Larkana, Sindh 37) Hazrat Maulana Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan, Shahdadkot, Sindh 38) Pir Shah Douran Muhiuddin Rashdi, Dargah Pir Punhal But, Sindh 39) Khalifo Hazrat Pir Ali Gohar Shah, Dargah Pir Muhammad Rashid Rozey Dhani, Khairpur, Sindh 40) Syed Ghulam Muhammad Shah Gada, on behalf of His Higness Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur, Prince of Khairpur,Sindh 41) Bhai Sanghandas, Mukhi Ghaibidero, Sindh Nawab Sir Ghaibi Khan Chandio (1872-1954)

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His Higness Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur, Prince of Khairpur State, Sindh could not attend this ceremony because he was seriously ill. He passed away on 25th Ramazan 1311 AH (2nd April 1894 AD) and was buried in Karbala, Iraq. The Hindu Panchayats of Larkana, Kamber, Ghaibidero and others were also guests of the celebration.Mr. H.E.M.James, the Comissioner in Sindh issued a certificate on 21st April 1894 AD and declared Nawab Sir Ghaibi Khan Chandio as Chief of Chandia tribe and First Class Jagirdar of Sindh.(See: Sawanh-e-Hayat Nawab Sir Ghaibi Khan Chandio by Hakim Khalifo Abdul Hameed Khan Chandio, Roshni publications Kandiaro, 2006, Page 73, 74 & 75) Loss of Plague in Shahdadkot & Death of Khanbahadur Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar-I

Sirai Khanbahadur Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar was son of Sirai Feroz Khan Khuhawar who used to live in village Tando Murad Ali Khuhawar, a village located near Hakim Shah on the banks of Koor Dato in Miro Khan Taluka. He was chief of the Khuhawar tribe in that area. He was son of Punhoon Khan Khuhawar and grandson of Mian Dato Khuhawar. DescribingSirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar of Shahdadkot, A.W.Huges in Gazetteer of Sind (London 1876) Says, The chief man of note in this place is Pir Bakhsh Kahawar, a very influential and public spirited Zamindar, who has done much towards raising this town to its former prosperity. (Gazetteer of the Province of Sind Compiled by A. W. Hughes- F.R.G.S, F.S.SBOM.UNCOV .Civil Service London 1876 Pages 769-770).

The title of Khanbahadur was conferred upon Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar on 1st January 1877 at Delhi, on the occasion of proclamation of Queen Victoria, as empress of India. (See: The Golden Book of India by Roper Leth Bridge, K.C.I.E, London 1893, Page 420). It was the month of December 1899 AD, when Black Palgue broke out in Sindh. It came from china via Bombay and reached Karachi. According to the letter of Acting Commissioner in Sindh dated 17 March 1899, it comes into light that Khanbahadur Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar was sick in 1899 AD. It seems that he died between 1899 and 1903 AD. He was buried in Dargah Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in Shahdadkot. He married from Khuhawar, Ghaloo and Chandio castes. His wives belonged to Dargah Mian Shahal Muhammad Kalhoro/ Kamber, Sita/ Dadu and Dhelar/Miro Khan areas. Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar had social ties with Chandios and the Magsis. He left behind four sons; 1) Sirai Muhammad Ali Khan Khuhawar-I 2) Sirai Muhammad Bux Khan Khuhawar 3) Sirai Muhammad Pannah Khuhawar and 4) Sirai Gul Muhammad Khuhawar. The graves of both father and sons are located inside the shrine. Bibi Sharam Khatoon (died aged 100 died in 1960s) and Jan Bibi (died aged 70 in 1956) are also said to be dauthers of Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar-I. Both were spiritual ladies. Their graves are said to be in the graveyard of Bhambho Khuhawar in the north of Shahdadkot. Their brother Sirai Muhammad Pannah Khuhawar is also buried in the graveyard.

According to the oral tradition of Sardar Ali Khan Khuhawar, Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar was a pious man. As hewas illiterate therefore he could not read or write. He used to fix his ring seal on letters instead of his signature. Sometimes he would compose pieces of poerty in the state of meditation in Urdu, Sindhi and Siraiki languages. One day he went to old Sukkur and stepped out from horse carriage infront of a Musafirkhana situated in the neighbourhood of the tower. He saw people coming and going to different destinations. At once he asked his assistant Qazi Habibullah, a resident of Biro Chandio to pen down his piece of poetry which was as follows; Ye Jag hai Musafirkhana, ek hai ata aur ek hai Jata. Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar was also a social and influential person of the area. He palyed his effective role in restoring chieftainship of young Kaiser Khan Magsi. He bestowed 18000 Jarebs of land of Sando Wah to the exiled mother of young Kaiser Khan Magsi while she took refuge in the house of Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar in Shahdadkot. For this matter he went to Jhal Magsi Balochistan to negotiate rebellion tribesmen and remaind there for roundabout 15 days. He also succceded in recieing an agriment in the favour of young Kaiser Khan Magsi in Hindu script. Kaiser Khan Magsi used to live in village Sando Mehmood during 1930s. Since that time the influence of the Magsi Balochis has increased in Shahdadkot area.Kaiser Khan Magsi was disciple of Khuwaja mian Ghulam Farid of Mithan Kot, Punjab. He was also devotee of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. He had two sons

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1) Nawab Gul Muhammad Zeb Magsi (died 8th January 1953) and 2) Mir Yousif Aziz Magsi (died in 1935 earthquake at Quetta), Balochistan.Kaiser Khan Magsi was exiled by the Brtish government of India on Chandia Magsi bloodfued and fillany he died in 1932 at Multan. His grave lies in the neighbourhood of Ghous Bahauddin Zakaria Multani Shrine, in Multan.Sirai Muhammad Bux Khan Khuhawar-I, succeded his father after his death. He got back agricultural lands after the death of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in 1905 from his family memebrs. He kept them in his control as their income was used for Madrassah run by Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan, Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan and Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. It is said that when this news arrive to Makhdoom Basaruddin, a saint of Sehwan, he cursed Khuhawars of Shahdadkot. On this a conflict broke out between him and Punhal Khan Khuhawar-I.Makhdoom visited the shrine of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan many times after his death. Sirai Muhammad Bux Khan Khuhawar-I used to live in Village Kamil, in the west of Shahdadkot. Later on he founded a village which was called after his name as Muhammad Abad by the people. A letter of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan to Qazi Mian Abdul Fattah Palal of Village Karira, Taluka Miro Khan, Sindh.

The Role of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in converting Hindus to Islam

Describing Hindus Mehrulah Khan Sheikh tells that, After efforts of many years of motivating they finally decided to convert Islam and adopted Muslim customs and traditions. In this way they all one after another turned Muslims. It is told that, seeing their willingness, Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan of Shahdadkot took great initiatives to convert them in the fold of Islam. It s why most of the Sheikh Communitymen are said to be his disciples and followers. Initially these newly converted Muslims would keep two names; one as a Muslim, secondly as a Hindu. For example our well-known Sindhi poet Sheikh Lalchand alias Lal Muhammad Majrooh. This trend survived up to the partition of 1947. Now (1973), this tradition is abandoned by the Sheikh community. ( Lalchand (Lal Muhammad) Majrooh Ji Shaeri ; Monograph for M.A Sindhi Literature submitted by Fahmida Naz Mughal (Larkana) to University of Sindh Jamshoro, 4th October 1974, Pages 5 & 6). After the death of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan, Pir Syed Saleh Shah of Ranipur also took some efforts to convert Hindus into Islam.

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Mehrullah Khan Sheikh was born on May 16, 1912 at Shahdadkot. His father s name was Premchand who was converted to Islam by Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. While his grandfather Kishanchand was a famous trader of Ganadava and Shahdadkot. He was descendent of Hotaldas. Premchand alias Prem Sheikh had five other sons also. Their names were 1) Nehal Khan 2) Qadir Bux 3) Taj Muhammad 4) Khuda Bux and 5) Illahi Bux. Mehrullah Khan Sheikh was president General Merchants Association Larkana. He knew Urdu, Arabic, Persian, English, Russian and German languages. He joined Indian National Congress and was president of Shahdadkot Congress Committee in 1930 at the age of 18. Later on he joined Muslim League during Simla Conference in 1946 and was Vice president of City Muslim League Shahdadkot before partition. He also remained as Provincial Councilor and member Peace Committee. He was a partner in his fathers firm Sheikh Prem & Sons Distributers and Dealers of Pakistan Tobacco Co. and of ICI. He also did relief work during floods of 1942 and 1948. He died in 1991 at Larkana. He left behind three sons; 1) Barkat Ali 2) Akber Ali and 3) Asgher Ali. Surgeon Dr.Sikander Ali Sheikh, the first Vice-Chancellor of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana (2009), Nazir Ahmed Sheikh, (PML-F Larkana), Mazhar Sheikh, (Rtd. DIG Sindh) and Abdul Latif Sheikh, Shahbaz Dino Sheikh and Dr.Karam Hussain Sheikh are kith & kins of Mehrullah Khan Sheikh. Diwan Notan Mal also belonged to this family who got filled a boat with cloth from Sukkur only in Rs.100. He was father of Tharo Khan Sheikh. A mosque is named after Haji Tharo Khan Sheikh in Shahdadkot. The earliest Sanjogi Sheikh Community of Shahdadkot was divided in Parmani, Prithiani, Punjabi, Goindani and Chhabria surnames. A family of Diwan Jai Singh also shifted from Gandawah to Shahdadkot. According to the Census of India, 1901, the total number of Sheikh Community living in Shahdadpur or Shahdadkot in the Upper Frontier /Jacobabad District was only 20 including 10 males and 10 females. (See Table XIII; Caste, Tribe, Race or Nationality. D.Sind Division, Upper Sind Frontier/Jacobabad District, Shahdadpur Taluka, Page 258)

By the year of 1933, the number of Sanjogis had increased in Sindh. A newspaper The Straits Times reported under the title of Indian Race Mystry published that, Sanjogis, who number 60,000, cannot trace their history earlier than 200 years ago . Again it reads that, A theory advanced is that they are descendents of those Greeks who were left behind after the invasion of Alexander the Great and married some of the Indian women, thus accounting for the peculiarity of their features, which is not Indian. The Sanjogis, according to the last available census, comes principally from the Shahdadpur taluka of the Upper Sind Frontier, Larkana and Sukkur. They were forcebally converted to Islam under the Kalhora and Talpur rule in Sind not more than 150 years ago. The Hindus call them Sanjogis and the Mohammedans, Sheikhs. Their customs are either purely Hindu or purely Mussalman or a mixture of both, according to their environment. Thus in the Kakar takluka of Sukkur they are Nanakpanthis, follow Hindu customs, worship Hindu gods and employ Sarsudh Brahmins as priests. Instead of Vedic they observe the Anand or Sikh form of marriage. In the Rohri division the main influence affecting the Sanjogis has been Mussalman. They call a Mulla for their ceremonies, perform nikah, worship no Hindu deities, and are disciples of Mussalman Murshids and Sayads and bury their dead in the Mohammedan position. In the Mehar and Kambar talukas there is an intermediate type following mixed Hindus and Mohammedan customs. (The Straits Times, Singapore 24 May 1933, Page 14).

Histroy shows that Hindu Muslim Riots continued from 1831 to 1930 in Sindh. In 1831-32 Seth Nau Mal Hotchand was forcibally circumcised by the Pirs of Nasarpur but Mir Murad Ali Khan Talpur, the ruler of Sindh librated him. In the Census of India 1911 Tables there was a Head Hindu-Mahomedan", which included Matias, Momnas, Imamshahi Sheikhs, Molesalams, Sanghars and Sanjogis.In the beginning these people were also given the name of Nao-Muslim in Shahdadkot.After the First World War of 1918 and Khilafat Movement (1920) many Sangogis under Indian National Congress and Muslim League platforms, were attached to social and political activities in Shahdadkot. A Nao Muslim Conference was organsed during this time. Nau Muslim Conferences were held (1923-27). A campaign of persuation was launched to convert Sanjogi Shaikhs back to Hinduism (1923-27). Hindus and Muslims clashed at Ratodero, Lakhi, Hyderabad, Bagirji, Larkana and other places of Sindh. Communal hartals (literally-shutting shops) and agitations were observed in Larkana on the calls of the Hindu Panchayat Larkana (March-April 1927) and the Sindh Muhammadan

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Association -13 January 1928 . ( Sindh s Unwitting Involvement in All-india Politics: Indian Leaders calculated initiatives to make sindh a mere pawn in the game of Indian Power Politics (1923-1934) By Sahib Khan Channa, CAPS, Institute of Business Management, Karachi , Pakistab businesss Review October 2012, Page 463). During 1931 Census, Pir Turab Ali Shah Rashdi (1857-1938), Sheikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi, Maulana Din Muhammad Wafai, Maulana Qamarudin Mahesar (d.1947), Maulana Khush Muhammad Mirokhani, Maulana Kher Muhammad Nizamani, Maulana Abdul Karim Kuharo and other scholars established a camp in Medrassa Arabia Siddiquia Shahdadkot. There, they made speeches and sermons to highlight importance of Islam. In the last of the session the Hindus were once again converted to Islam which are now called as Sanjogi Sheikh. On this occasion Haji Muhammad Soomar Sheikh provided a bull for the sacrifice and food was prepared for the new converts and other guests. (See: Chodho, Muhammad Murad (1994) Political Movements in Larkana and Its Impact on the Struggle for Pakistan (1905 to 1947). PhD thesis, University of Sindh, Jamshoro.Page 317-318). Maulana Taj Muhammad Bhurgri, Maulana Gul Muhammad Chhalgri and Moulvi Muhammad Nawaz Jamali were also active figures at that time.

It was the time when some of the Sanjgis went to Mukhi Goindram, Bhai Hiranand and Hindu Panchayat Shahdadkot for to be accepted but they clearly refused them to do so. After the opening of Sukkur Barrage in 1932, Hindu Sabha Shahdadkot was very active and was struggling for the poor Hindus employments in Sindh. Some other movements were also busy; The Hindu fundamentalists of the Shuddhi and Arya Samaj were also active at that time. (Partition India: The Case of Sindh; Migration, Violence and Peaceful Sindh by Ahmed Salim, 2004, Page 96) After the creation of Pakistan on 14th August 1947, some of the Sanjogis abandoned their will of being re-converted to Hinduism for ever. Muhammad Chhatal Fida Sheikh was a famous poet.Sir Shahnawaz Kahn Bhutto (1888-1957) Bhutto was married to Khursheed Begum, formerly Lakhi Bai, who was of a modest Hindu family. She converted from Hinduism to Islam before her marriage. Her brothers remained Hindu and eventually migrated to India.Their children included Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1928-1979), the first elected Prime Minister of Pakistan, and a daughter called Mumtaz, who marriedBrigadier Muhammad Mustafa Khan Bahadur of the Sidi clan. Their first child, Sikandar, died from pneumonia at the age of seven in 1914, and their second child, Imdad Ali, died of cirrhosis at the age of thirty-nine in 1953. Sikanderabad in Taluka Qubo Saeed Khan (Shahdadkot) is named after Sikander Ali Khan Bhutto.The mother of Famous Sindhi poet Sheikh Ayaz was also a Hindu lady before her marriage. The Sanjogi Sheikh Community is divided into different branches such as; Zakariai, Karirai, Jhalai, Punjabi, Goindani, Khakhrani, Chhabria, and Butani etc. Nao-Muslim Sheikh Community of Shahdadpur (Shahdadkot) from 1911 to 1947:

S.No

Name Father s Name

Caste Place of Birth Date of Birth Date of Leaving Vernacular School

01 Dital Sarang Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 3-8-1907 10-7-1911

02 Phundan Jashan Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-1-1907 6-12-1911

03 Dital Sojhro Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 10-1-1905 28-4-1912

04 Tilu Kewal Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-7-1905 2-1-1913

05 Hoondo Motiyo Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 10-1-1900 9-7-1913

06 Hmean Muhbat Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 7-6-1902 10-7-1913

07 Amul Mohan Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-12-1903 5-12-1913

08 Baamno Baalo Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-1-1904 1-2-1914

09 Tanu Nebhan Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-1-1906 3-1-1915

10 Ghano Baalo Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-2-1907 1-1-1915

11 Holo Nebhan Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-3-1907 18-1-1915

12 Santu Thanwardas Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 10-3-1911 3-1-1916

13 Afzal Mohandas Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 12-10-1909 3-1-1916

14 Bakhsho Haroo Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 15-12-1903 4-1-1916

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15 Mato Pirmu Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 12-2-1910 1-3-1916

16 Tolo Nebhan Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 7-8-1910 17-4-1916

17 Deeal Somon Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 15-1-1909 7-6-1916

18 Juma Arat Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 10-5-1910 22-6-1916

19 Mehro Prem Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-8-1911 25-9-1916

20 Gul Muhammad Sanwal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-4-1911 19-10-1916

21 Gemon Muhbat Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-5-1911 20-3-1917

22 Gulo Somon Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 25-7-1911 20-4-1917

23 Khamiso Sojhro Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 25-8-1911 2-1-1918

24 Achar Saboo Sheikh (Sanjogi) Karira 24-4-1910 18-3-1918

25 Safar Edan Sheikh (Sanjogi) Karira 1-7-1911 18-3-1918

26 Lalu Thadho Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 5-8-1913 21-8-1918

27 Dino Chhango Sheikh (Sanjogi) Karira 15-2-1911 20-12-1918

28 Mojo Jashan Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 27-6-1912 3-2-1919

29 Amir Bux Tagio Sheikh (Sanjogi) Zakria Mahesar 16-7-1912 27-9-1919

30 Tharo Notan Sheikh (Sanjogi) Karira 15-12-1907 26-12-1919

31 Waroo Sobho Sheikh (Sanjogi) Karira 1-1-1911 26-12-1919

32 Mitho Sabhago Sheikh (Sanjogi) Karira 5-1-1911 26-12-1919

33 Chhatu Sahjoo Sheikh (Sanjogi) Karira 25-12-1913 26-12-1919

34 Mehar Sabhago Sheikh (Sanjogi) Karira 2-2-1915 26-12-1919

35 Achar Muhbat Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 13-3-1915 2-6-1920

36 Haji Pinyo Sheikh (Sanjogi) Zakria Mahesar 3-2-1916 10-6-1920

37 Allahdino Jeeo Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 7-5-1913 12-7-1920

38 Kauro Santu Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 4-1-1916 7-2-1921

39 Walu Somon Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 2-8-1916 28-12-1921

40 Sadoro Bahro Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadko 13-12-1913 28-12-1921

41 Razi Budhar Sheikh (Sanjogi) Karira 22-1-1916 1-8-1922

42 Haji Nebhan Mal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 18-5-1917 14-5-1923

43 Allahrakhio Pirmu Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 13-1-1918 25-1-1924

44 Muhammad Bux Jeo Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-5-1927 16-4-1934

45 Muhammad Usman Biland Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 20-3-1929 1-11-1934

46 Ghulam Nabi Phundan Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 27-7-1929 1-11-1934

47 Pir Bux Gano Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-71923 10-12-1934

48 Qaim Sahjal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Chooharpur 25-10-1926 24-1-1935

49 Khuda Bux Prem Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 10-1-1930 31-1-1935

50 Wazir Naraindas Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 7-11-1929 12-4-1935

51 Inayatullah Amul Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-1-1929 10-3-1936

52 Ghulam Qadir Sabhago Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-7-1928 21-10-1936

53 Muhammad Qasim Hoondo Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-3-1932 3-3-1937

54 Rajal (Mumtaz ) Gobindram Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 4-5-1931 3-3-1937

55 Urs Milan Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-2-1932 19-5-1937

56 Raziquedino Sadoro Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-9-1931 17-9-1937

57 Ghulam Qadir Fatan Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 12-8-1931 13-9-1937

58 Ghulam Hyder Sobho Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-7-1932 1-10-1935

59 Sikander Hoondo Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 9-7-1933 30-9-1938

60 Sahibdino Gobindram Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 12-12-1932 28-6-1939

61 Muhammad Pannah Saleh/Jhamandas Sheikh (Sanjogi) Zakria Mahesar 18-5-1932 31-5-1941

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62 Nadir Ali Hoondal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 31-3-1937 29-4-1942

63 Kaki Bai Lalchand Sheikh (Sanjogi) Kamber 1-12-1935 12-2-1943

64 Ghualm Muhammad Jeeal Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-8-1934 1-6-1943

65 Bhawan Gur Bux Sheikh (Sanjogi) Pathan 17-9-1933 4-2-1944

66 Ghous Bux Sadharang Sheikh (Sanjogi) Bakrani 5-9-1933 11-5-1944

67 Allah Dino Uderam Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 22-5-1937 22-5-1944

68 Muhammad Yousif Jhaman Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 1-1-1936 24-10-1944

69 Karim Bux Milan Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 22-3-1937 19-10-1945

70 Bakht Hussain Gobindram Sheikh (Sanjogi) Shahdadkot 2-2-1940 1-4-1947

SOURCE: GRs of Vernacular/ Government Main Primary School Shahdadkot from 1911 to 1947 Deaths of Mian Muhammad Ismaeil Mekan & Mian Muhammad Pannah Mekan-1903 AD

Mian Muhammad Ismaeil Mekan died in a very young age on 15th Safar 1321 AH or Wednesday 13thMay 1903 AD and was buried in Dargah Sharif Shahdadkot. Sahibzada Mian Muhammad Pannah Mekan was the second son of Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan. He was of quite young when his life ended. He is said to be redish in colour like his father. He died on 14 Dhul-Hijjah 1320 AH or Saturday 14th March 1903 AD and was buried in Dargah Sharif Shahdadkot. Relations of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan with Pir Syed Saleh Shah Jilani of Ranipur-1904 AD

Pir Syed Saleh Shah Jilani belonged to a well-known Gilani Syed family of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani of Baghdad, Iraq.His ancestors came to Sindh and settled at Ranipur in present District Khairpur Mirs. He was born in 1870 and died in 1943 AD. He was a great saint and poet of Sindh. He was fond of hunting. It is why he came to visit Nawab Sir Ghaibi Khan Chandio at Ghaibidero many times. He visited Ghibidero for the first time in 1894 and attended the turban ceremony of Nawab Sir Ghaibi Khan Chandio. There he met with Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan of Shahdadkot and exchanged his views with him. Later on the the relations between both saints continued with love and respects.Pir Syed Saleh Shah Jilani married sister of Qazi Muhib Ali in Village Mubarak Kalhoro, Taluka Miro Khan. Pir Syed Saleh Shah Jilani used to call this village as Hazrat Mubark in love. Qazi was son of Qazi Nazar Muhammad a notable of the area. Qazi Muhib Ali was a traditional healer it is why he was famous in the area.Qazi Muhib Ali had four sons; 1) Buxal 2) Imamdin 3) Badaruddin and 4) Barkat Ali. Syed Ghulam Murtaza Shah and Syed Muhammad Shah continued to visit the tomb of MIan Ghulam Siddique Mekan whenever they came to Village Mubarak Kalhoro and Shahdadkot.

In 1322 AH (1904AD), Sardar Muhammad Bux Khan Khuhawar of decided to marry a young lady of Chaki tribe living in Shahdadkot. The lady s name was Aziz Khan and she was daughter of Mula Rab Dino Chaki, a respectable and religious figure of Shahdadkot. Sardar Muhammad Bux Khan Khuhawar lived a princely life. He was already married with Taj Bibi, a Pathan woman of Kakar clan living in Shikarpur, Sindh. He tried his level best but the father and headman of Chaki tribe did not accept the proposal of the marriage. At last, Sardar Muhammad Bux Khan Khuhawar implored Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan and Pir Syed Saleh Shah Jilani to support him in the marriage. Finally, the marriage took place in Shahdadkot in 1322 AH (1904 AD). He constructed Burial Chamber for his family members in the north of Shahdadkot before his death.

After this marriage the Pathan wife of the Sirai apparoched Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan and asked him that, If the Chaki wife of his husband will give birth to a child then she will be ruined. The saint replied him that, You should not be worry about. She will not be able to give birth to any children. The oral tradition told by Sardar Ali Khuhawar tells that Aziz Khatoon Chaki became pregnant but she did not give birth to a child. It was a piece of flesh with eyes and nails only. Sardar Muhammad Bux

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Khan Khuhawar died on 5th February 1932 and was buried in the shrine of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan.Sirai Muhammad Bux Khan Khuhawar was the son of Khanbahadur Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar-I. He died in 1932 at Shahdadkot. He left behind 6 sons named 1) Khanbahadur Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar-II 2) Rais Feroz Khan Khuhawar 3) Rais Yar Muhammad Khan Khuhawar 4) Rais Wajid Ali Khan Khuhawar 5) Rais Safdar Ali Khan Khuhawar and 6) Rais Imdad Hussain Khan Khuhawar. He had also two daughters Zaibul-Nisa and Roshan Ara. Maulana Comrade Illahi Bux Qureshi (1903-1975) was nephew of Aziz Khatoon Chaki. She inherited 431 Acres of agricultural land in Deh Hazzar Wah and Deh Belati, in present Qubo Saeed Khan and Shahdadkot Talukas. Last days of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan 1905 AD

Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan was born on 4th Rabi-Al-Awal 1260 AH- Saturday 23rd March 1844 AD at Kanda Balochistan. He was only 17 years old when his father left Kanda and moved to Shahdadkot, Sindh. He died on 23rd Rabi-al-Awal 1323 A.H (Sunday 28th May 1905 AD). Pir Turab Ali Shah Rashidi came from Kamber to heal the saint but nothing could recover him. According to the statement of Muhammad Younis Mastoi, the funeral prayes of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan were offered by his cousin Mian Faiz Muhammad Mekan, who lived 35 years after his death. Mian Faiz Muhammad Mekan died in 1940 at the age of 85. The deadbody of the saint was laid into rest beside his family members in Shahdadkot. The grave was covered with large boulders. His another cousin Mian Gulam Muhammad was also alive at the time of his death. Sirai Muhammad Bux Khan Khuhawar-I, Saindad Mastoi and other disciples decided to nominate Mian Nasirudiin Mekan, a nesphew of the saint as his spiritual successor. The contemporaries of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan were Sufi Qabool Muhammad-II Darazi (1842-1925), Syed Rakhial Shah of Fatehpur (1846-1940), Allama Muhammad Hashim Soomro (1843-1904), Faqir Mehmud Machhi (Landhi (Balochistan), Syed Abadullah Shah of Baghban (Khuzdar), Khuwaja Ghulam Farid MithanKot (1845-1901), Pir Hizbullah Shah Pir Pagaro and Syed Saleh Shah Jilani (Ranipur), Abdul Ghafoor Maftoon Humayooni and Chhato Faqir Sangi of Mehboob Jo Bungalow/ Miro Khan. Maulana Atta Muhammad Attai Tunio (d.1955), the resident of Village Mehboob Tunio/ Miro Khan composed a Madah for in his praise. Attai had a son called Mian Anwer Hussain Tunio. The urs of MIan Ghulam Siddique Mekan is observed every year from 21st to 23rd Rabi-al-Awal. A large number of devotees from all over the country come to pay homage to this great scholar, saint and poet of Sindh. Allama Muhammad Hashim Soomro was disciple of MIan Noor Muhammad Mekan. He started medrassa with 100 students in Village Bharmi. Later on he moved towards Garhi Yasin (Shikarpur) on the request of Khansahib Allah Bux Khan Durani. There he established a new medrassa. He left behind three sons; 1) Mualana Muhammad Ibrahim Garhi Yasini 2) Maulana Muhammad Qasim Garhi Yasini and 3) Maulana Muhammad Saleh.

Mian Ghualm Siddique Mekan had married to Bibi Maryam Khatoon. She was daughter of Moulvi Main Atta Muhammad- I Mekan. She died on 25th Rabi-Al-Akhir 1326 AH (1908 AD). Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan did second marriage from Bhutto

tribe of Mahota, Larkana Sindh. The name of her second wife was Bibi Shah Khatoon Bhutto. According to a tradition this marriage took place in Nasirbaad, Sindh. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan had 2 sons;

I) Mian Abdul Wahab Mekan; He memorazied 20 Cahpters of Holy Quran and died at the age of 12 years. II) Mian Ghulam Dastaghir Mekan; He died during his early life as a child.

Mian Abdul Halim II writes in Fayooziat-e-Siddiquia (1960) that Mian Ghulam Siddique had a son called Mian Abdul Wahab Mekan.whereas Faiz Muhammad Soomro in his MA. Sindhi Literature Thesis (1967) wites that Mian

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Ghulam Siddique Mekan had 5 sons and 1 daughter. He further tells that all of the children died during his life.Mian Nasiruddin Mekan describes in book entitled Anwarat-e-Siddiquia (1972) that Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan had two sons. While Mian Ahmed Din Mekan in his B.Ed Thesis (1981) says that Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan had 5 sons and 2 daughters. On the other hand Mian Taj Muhammad Mekan II, (2014) said while interviewing that Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan had only 2 sons and he had no daughter. After the death of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan, Bibi Shah Khatoon Bhutto, her second wife did marriage with Mian Dad Muhammad Ghoto of Katbar Sharif, Belpat Balochistan. She did third marriage with a Syed Gaji Shah of Warah. After the creation of Pakistan, she came to Shahdadkot and visited tombs and haveli of the saints with her last husband. The wedlock of Mian and her second wife was recited by his dearest disciple Haji Mian Hassanullah of Pat Sharif who neverever missed his Tahajjud prayers. His disciple Syed Shahabuddin Shah was very poor due to his brother s behaviour. He asked his master Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan for blessing him. Mian Sahib went to Halani from Shahdadkot. He blessed him there. Soon after, Mir Faiz Muhammad Khan Talpur, the Ruler of Khairpur Mirs Sindh, hired Syed Shahabuddin Shah for tutoring his grandsons Mir Ali Nawaz Khan Talpur and Mir Ghulam Hussain Khan Talpur. Afterwards he was appointed as Mukhtiarkar by Agha Qadirdad Khan in the state. After he became minister of Royal Khairpur Mirs State. Maulana Hindi Punhabi was also his famous disciple who composed a verse on the birth of Maulana Muhammad Ibrahim Palal (1901-1987), the son of Maulana Qazi Khuda Bux Palal. He was a great poet and scholar. He left behind two sons; 1) Mian Abdul Fattah and 2) Mian Muhammad Nawaz.

At the time of the death of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan one of his disciple Abdul Karim Chawiro was present in his medrassa. He belonged to Village Gandakha, Balochistan. He was given carge to complete the lessons of the remaining disciples of the saint. The names of the students who learnt form Abdul Karim Chawiro is as follows; Sardar Muhkam Khan Jamali, Ghulam Murtaza Jamali, Lashkran Khan Jamali, Qazi Abdullah (Karakh), Qazi Noor Muhammad (Karakh), Nooruddin Jamot, Abdul Karim Jamot, Faiz Muhammad Qazi (Karakh), Abdul Hakim Rind, Mula Noorudin Brohi, Anwer Jamot, Mula

Soomar Babar, Hafiz Moulvi Abdul Aziz, Haji Ahmed Khan, Moulvi Lal Muhammad (Madeji), Moulvi Mehrullah Neechari, Moulvi Jamaldin (Rubat), Moulvi Ghulam Jilani, Sufi Abdul Rehman Danger, Faqir Abdul Rehman (Makkah), Pir Soz Ali Shah, Qari Noorudin (Kalat), Sufi Ahmed Khan (Superintendent Quetta), Moulvi Muhmmad Yousif, Faqir Muhammad Hashim Jamali (Ghouspur/ Bopho Jamali), Faqir Muhammad Sharif, Moulvi Jamaldin Chandio (Miro Khan), Haji Din Muhammad (Kamber), Mir Ali Shah, Ustad Muhammad Shabaan, Ustad Muhammad Ramzan, Taj Muhammad & Ali Hyder etc. It is said that 52 scholars learnt from Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. Faqir Moj Al Din Sheikh, Jeal Faqir Sheikh, Haji Abdul Rehman, Khuwaja Muhammad Hashim (Medina), Rais Illahi Bux Khan Jamali, Syed Muhammad Shah, Haji MIthal Shah and Pathans and Brohis were also his disciples. Nawab Kaiser Khan Magsi, Sardar Lashker Khan Jamali and Khanbahadur Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar-I, would attend the saint regularily. Copy of Letter written by Abu Muhammad Syed Saleh Shah JIlani to Rais Sirai Muhammad Bux Khan Khuhawar-I, 1338 AH (10th January 1920 AD)

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Following is the list of the disciples who received education from Main Ghulam Siddique Mekan

S.No

Name Remarks

01 Maulana Abdullah Noonari Ratodero, Larkana, Sindh

02 Maulana Ghulam Muhammad Mahesar (Saadi Bacha) Kamaldero, Khairpur Sindh

03 Maulana Muhammad Aqil Aqil, Larkana, Sindh

04 Maulana Qazi Abdul Fattah Palal Bharmi, Miro Khan, Larkana

05 Maulana Abdul Rehman Tunio Gul Muhammad Tunio, Nara River, Larkana

06 Maulana Syed Shahabuddin Hala,Hyderabad, Sindh

07 Maulana Khalifo Ghulam Muhammad Tunio Shahdadkot, Sindh

08 Maulana Hakim Sahibdino Chacha, Kamber, Sindh

09 Maulana Muhammad Siddique Kalhoro Larkana, Sindh

10 Maulana Muhammad Kamil Sanhri, Larkana, Sindh

11 Maulana Mian Ali Sher Chandio Ghaibidero, Kamber, Sindh

12 Maulana Din Muhammad Chandio Buthi, Miro Khan, Sindh

13 Maulana Syed Pir Turab Ali Shah Rashdi Ali Khan, Kamber, Sindh

14 Maulana Ghulam Umer Sono Jatoi, Larkana, Sindh

15 Maulana Syed Sahibdad Hakim Gathar, Nasirabad, Sindh

16 Maulana Hafiz Mehmood Chandio Bhanbho Khan Chandio, Miro Khan, Sindh

17 Maulana Qamaruddin Mahesar Kot Lal Bux Mahesar, Sijawal, Sindh

18 Moulvi Kher Muhammad Lashari Chhuto Joyo, Miro Khan, Sindh

19 Sufi Allahdino Kori He was born in 1835 and died in 1901 at Dokri

20 Muhammad Usman Chaki He lived from 1875 to 1918 at Larkana

21 Khuwaja Azizullah Ghoto Katbar Sharif, Balochistan

22 Khuwaja Dad Muhammad Ghoto Katbar Sharif, Balochistan

23 Makhdoom Ahmed Yar Khan Mahar (1841-1922) Khangarh, Ghotki, Sindh

24 Muhammad Umer Channo Shahdadkot, Sindh

25 Hafiz Noor Mustafa Awan Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab

26 Syed Ali Shah Gerelo, Larkana, Sindh

27 Mir Moula Bux Brohi Sarawan, Balochistan

28 Maulana Abdul Karim Chawro Gandakha, Balochsitan

29 Moulvi Karim Bux Mangi Shahdadkot, Sindh

30 Maulana Jan Muhammad Abbassi-I Larkana, Sindh

31 Mian Hafiz Natho Punjabi Shahpur, Shahdadkot, Sindh

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Copy of letters written by Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan 8th Ramadan Al Mubarak 1312 AH (March 5, 1895 AD) & Mian Muhammad Ismaeil Mekan to Qazi Ahmed of Village Karira Taluka Miro Khan His Appearance & Characteristics

According to oral traditions, in appearance, Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan was neither tall nor short. He was of average height. His colour was wheatish. He was strongly built, had black eyes and an intelligent look, with a broad and high forehead. He grew a beard according to the Islamic traditionss. He had a serious and thoughtful look about himself. He spent much time in teaching Quran and Islamic education to the discples. His voice was sweert and bold. He followed the precepts of the Holy Prophet in every day of life. Fear of God would cause him to tremble and weep and the dread of the last resting place, the grave, also dominated his thoughts. He had a forgiving nature and showed love, regard, and respect to all, irrespective of caste, creed, or religion. He was cosmopolitan in outlook, and a man of generous disposition, taking pleasure in helping the poor and the needy. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan always appeared to be solemn. He was renowned for his hospitality and entertained the people. Myriads of people of the region, with no ostensible means of subsistence, depended upon his langar (free distribution of food). He himself ate very little, and observed fasting throughout the year, and wore patched clothes. Very fond of prayers, he would read the Quran twice a day. He taught in medrassa from dawn to dusk.

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Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan did not use water of open or uncovered well. He got filled pitchers everyday. Mostly his food was prepared by a pious lady who also lived in his house. He never ever abused anyone. He would remove English letters from mint tablets before using them for digestion. He hated English offcials very much. Even he did not like to see them in the town or public places. Mian called himself as Qadri and Qalanadri. He annualy visited the shrine of Hazrat Qalander Lal Shahbaz at Sehwan. A large number of people from all parts of the Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan would come to recive Islamic Fatwahs from him. He could easily understand Sindhi, Brahui and Urdu. His mother- tongue was Siraiki. He would put on green turban on his head and would cover his body with white fabric sheet. He was custodian of the shrine of his father Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan. He also served as Imam of the mosque in the town. From early age, Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan would respect his elder brother Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan who was also his teacher. He would like to bow down and touch the feet of his brother but Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan never allowed him to do so. It is said that he would drink water which was used by Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan during ablution. It is told that when Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan died, he approached the deadbody after funeral ceremonies and wanted to touch the feet of his brother. The deadbody shook and it did not consent him to do so. Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan used to ask his brother that he was not only scholar but a holy saint too. Mian Sahib respected Syeds, Islamic scholars and Arabs very much who used to visit Sindh. Once Rais-Ul-Ulema of Punjab Moulvi Jamaldin came to visit him. He was astonished to see Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan and his knowledge and power. He accepted that Mian sahib was a great scholar of his times. He would carry weeping child on his way and love him. He could not refuse people for their support. He would stand in respect whenever a person joined his gathering. He would cover hiomself with Sindhi Ajrak when ever he came out of his home and wanted to go inside the town. He did not wanted to see English people. He wore thick clothes and took large stick while walking. Sometimes he would dye his long white hair with henna. He grew his beard according to the teachings of Islam.He corresponded with different scholars including Junani (Warah) and others.

Sometimes Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan would listen Kawali and Sufiana Kafis of Hazrat Sultan Bahoo from Faqir Jan Muhammmad Hakro, a Naat Khawan of Village Bathi Hakra, Miro Khan.One day he listened Qawali of Khuda Bux Qawal of Punjab who was specially invited by Khuhawars in Shahdadkot. During Qawali, Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan was so impressed by the Qawal that he blessed him with his Chader. Faqir Sultan Hajam would dress his long hair sometimes. People say that Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan is not dead, but has only departed and who has greater power now to bless and heal the suffered heart. He owned a horse of high breed locally known as Panj Kalyan. Sometimes he would travel by a bullock cart to the far off places. While sometimes he would sail through ferry boats floating in Koor Dato Canal. He resolved the dispute between Walan Faqir Agthi, a Muslim saint and Gagan Faqir, a Hindu saint. In those days, the notorious dacoit Abdul Rehman ravaged the country and would plunder rich Hindu familes. It is why once a rich Hindu family would take Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan with their marriage procession so that dacoits may not loot them.

One day Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan ordered his disciples of medrassa to throw stones on the mourning procession which was taken out every year on 10th of Muharam Al Haram from the Imambargah of Lakhpati Faqir Bhatti. He himself stood in the lane for watching the situation. When the mourning procession crossed infront of his Medrassa he suddenly put off his turban, slippers and joined the procession. He himself went with the procession for a short distance. When he returned to the Medrassa his disciples asked him to tell the truth behind the scene. He replied them that My masters Imam Hussain (A.S) and other Ahal-e-Bait were leading the mourners. So how could I ask you for throwing stones on them? It is said that ghosts would learn Holy Quran from him. Following castes are spiritually associated with the shrine of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan; Syed, Machhi, Palal, Khosa, Khokhar, Mastoi, Wagan, Sheikh, Bhutta, Khatiyan, Markhand, Ansari, Lund, Chhajra, Bhatti, Kori, Pathan, Chodha, Bhurgri, Jarwar, Chandia, Leghari, Wadha, Odha, Dinari, Magsi, Gopang, Daya, Umrani, Magsi, Kalhora, Abra, Rind, Lashari, Chandia, Khajak, Mugheri, Khuhawar, Silra, Mirbahar, Tunia, Mangi, Lohar, Brohi, Soomro, Buriro, Pathan, Surhia, Qazi, Punjabi, Jokhia, Hajam, Kharal, Mochi, and Jamali.

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Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan: Journeys, Tours and Travels

Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan travelled throughout Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan. He also went to Saudi Arabia from Karachi to visit holy shrines. He was only 13 years old when he migrated with his family from Village Kanda Balochistan to Shahdadkot, Sindh. It is told that he used to visit the shrine of Hazrat Qalander Lal Shahbaz (1177-1274) in Sehwan every year. Last time he returned to Shahdadkot in great hurry from Sehwan Sharif because he wanted to be buried at Shahdadkot. In old Sukkur, he usually went to the tomb of Syed Shah Khairuddin alias Jeay Shah (1492-1617), a saint and scholar from the linage of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani of Baghdad, Iraq. Shah Khairuddin came from Baghdad and Makkah to Sindh and became disciple of Makhdoom Nooh Sarwar of Hala; Sindh. It is said that Mian Sahib also went to Abdullah Shah Godrio, a disciple of Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro in the Mehar taluka of Dadu District. He was also regular visiter of Hazrat Sultan Bahu (1628-1691), who founded the Sarwari Qadiri Sufi order in indo pak Sub Continent. His shrine is situated in Jhang, Punjab. It is said that he also paid many visists to Hazrat Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (1689-1752) at Bhit Shah, Hyderabad, Sindh. Whenever Mian Ghulam Siddique went to visit his master Mian Ghulam Hyder he would put off his slippers at Belpat Railway Station, 12 miles before Katbar Sharif. He never slept on cot in this palce due to respect for his master. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan taught Khuwaja Azizullah Katbari and Khuwaja Dad Muhammad Katbari, sons of his master Khuwaja Ghulam Hyder Katbari. Once he visited the shrine of Hazrat Mujadid Alif Sani, a descent from Caliph Umer, in Sirhand, Chandigarh, India.

It is narrated that lands of Sirai Sher Muhammad Khuhawar in Village Sarang Khuhawar and Bharmi became barren due to want of agricultural water. He invited Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan for blessing and prayers. The saint accepted his invitation and went there. He recited some verses on a piece of stone and ordered Sirai to throw it in Koor Dato Canal. It is said that the canal started overflowing soon and irrigated whole the area. His wife and sister ran Medrassa after Sirai s death. Syed Pannah Ali Shah used to teach there. He belonged to village Tharudero/ Larkana. Once Mian went to bless Mula Saban Kori in his village Dad Muhammad Hullio. He also used to go to village Miran Hulio. In Shahdadkot he would go to the houses of Khanbahadur Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar-I, Sirai Muhammad Bux Khan Khuhawar, Ghuos Bux Chaki and Pir Muhammad Kalhoro. According to the oral traditions and written records, Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan would also visit his devotees to Katbar Sharif, Bhag Nari, Kanda, Sukkur, Ranipur, Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Larkana, Gerelo, Biro Chandio, Kamber, Mehboob Tunio, Buthi, Bharmi, Karira, Ghaibidero, Garhi Khair Muhammad Kartio, Shahpur, Bopho Jamali, Rap Watu Khan Chnadio, Chhajri, Bago Daro, Kot Shahbeg Dakhan, Darya Khan Mastoi, Angh and Chakiani, Kot Lal Bux Mahesar and Arzi Bhutto. He went from place to place to preach Islam.

Faqir Ghulam Siddique Mekan Al Hanafi Al Qadri s letter to Qazi Mian Abdul Fattah of Village Karira Taluka Miro Khan, Sindh.

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His Spritual Chain (Education)

The complete spiritual lineage (silsila) of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan is as follows:

• Imam Al Din Umer Ibn Muhammad Al Baydawi, • Imam Abdullah bin Umar bin Muhammad al-Shirazi al-Shafi'i al-Baydawi (d. 691 AH/1291 AD.) • Maulana Zainuddin • Maulana Izaduddin Yahya • Sa'ad Al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah al-Taftazani (1322-1390 AD), Taftazan, Khurasan , Iran • Maulana Mula Abdul Salam • Maulana Daniyal • Maulana Mula Nizamuddin • Ustad Imam Rabbani • Kamaldin Kashmiri • Mula Abdul Hakim Sialkoti(1561–1656 AD), Sialkot, Punjab • Abdullah Libeb • Abi-Al-Hassan Shaheed • Maulana Qul Ahmed (Settled at Larkana) • Maulana Muhammad Arejvi (Arija, Larkana) • Maulana Muhammad Aqil Shah Siyah Chashm Yousif Sani (Halani) • Hafiz Maulana Abdul Halim Kandvi (Rohri) • Allama Noor Muhammad Mekan (Father) • Maulana Gul Muhammad Mekan (Bother) • Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan (Source: Maulana Qazi Muhammad Ibrahim Palal (1966), Faiz Muhammad Soomro (1967) and Moulvi Abdul Rasool Baloch (1981)

Grave of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in Shahdadkot, Sindh and the shrine of Sultan-ul-Arfin Hazrat Haque Bahoo in Shor Kot, Punjab-Pakistan.

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Rare Quran inscribed by Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan (1844-1905), now a part of the collection of Tunio House Shahdadkot

Paper Seal of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan 1291 AH (1874 AD) along with Reed pen for writing

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Miracles, Myths and Legends of the Saint

It has been recorded that Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan performed countlessmiracles during his life. These miracles, myths and legends were collected by Mian Nasiruddin Mekan in his book entitled Anwarat-e-Siddiquia, published in November 1974. The book is out of print now. He could change lump of clay into gold for needy and predicted the secrets of life. His Spiritual Geneology (Tariqat)

Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan was disciple of Hazrat Ghulam Hyder Ghoto of Katbar Sharif, Belpat Balochistan. His father was Mian Muhammad Hassan Ghoto (1783-1858). While the father of Mian Muhammad Hassan Ghoto, Mian Muhammad Kamil Ghoto was born in 1737 and died in 1824 AD. Mian Muhammad Kamil Ghoto became disciple of Makhdoom Muhammad Siddique Seehar (d.1818 AD) of Muhammadpur, District Ghotki, Sindh. Makhdoom was second important deputy of Sultan Bahu in Sindh. In beginning he was follower of Syed Moosan Shah Jillani. Makhdoom Sahib blessed thousands of seekers. Mianji Muhammad Murad Bahtti was also blessed by him between 1135 AH (1722 AD) and 1173 AH (1759 AD). His tomb stands near Village Muhmmad Khan Bhutto in UC Jamali taluka Shahdadkot, Sindh.

Sultan Bahu was born at Shorkot in 1039 A.H (1628 AD). Shorkot is the Tehsil headquarter of District Jhang of Punjab. He died in 1102 A.H (1691 AD). His father Hazrat Muhammad Bazayd was a pious man, a jurist who learnt Quran by heart and he was the commandant of the Shor fort during the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (1592-1666 AD). His mother Hazrat Bibi Raasti was a saint of high caliber. He belonged to Awan caste and was the descendant of Hazrat Ali. His mother got the intuition that soon a saint par excellence would be born to her who would fill the face of the earth with his mental illumination and spirituality and she should name him Bahu . There Mai Sahiba gave him the name Bahu . The word Bahu means With God .

Sultan Bahoo was a saint by birth and his spiritual guidance started from his early childhood. A Non-Muslim who happened to look at his illuminated face immediately converted to Islam by reciting the Kalima. Non-Muslims became so scared of this miracle of Hazrat Bahu that a delegation consisted of their leading men met his father and requested him to make an announcement whenever this child was about to leave the house, so that they should remain in their homes and could be saved from conversion.Sultan Bahu belonged to the Qadiri Sufi order, and later initiated his own offshoot, Sarwari Qadiri. He refers to Muhiyuddin Abdul Qadir Gilani as his spiritual master in a number of his books and poetry, though Abdul Qadir Gilani died long before the birth of Sultan Bahu.

The complete spiritual lineage (silsila) of Main Ghulam Siddique Mekan is as follows:

• Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) • Amir-ul-Mominin Ali Ibn Abi Talib (A.S) • Al-Hasan Ibn Abi-Al-Hasan Al-Basri, (642–728 AD) • Shah Habib Al Ajami • Daud Tai • Maruf Karkhi • Sari As Saqäti • Shaykh Junayd Baghdadi • Abu Bakr Shibli • Walid Abdul Wahid • Abul Farrah Yusuf

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• Sheikh bu Hassan • Sheikh bu Saeed Al Mubarak • Sheikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani • Abdur Razzaq • Abdul Jabbar • Yahya Wali • Sheikh Najmuddin • Abdul Sattar • Abdul Baqa • Syed Abdul Jalil • Syed Abdul Rehman Qadri • Sultan-ul-Arfin Hazrat Sultan Bahu (1628-1691 AD) • Makhdoom Muhammad Siddique Seehar ( 1695-1818 AD) , Lal Pir, Dadloi, Ghotki, Sindh • Main Muhammad Kamil Ghoto Katbari • Mian Muhammad Hassan Ghoto Katbari • Mian Ghulam Hyder Ghoto Katbari • Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan Book Collection/Libraray

Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan had a vast collection of Arabic, Persian and Urdu books in his libaray. A few of them were manuscripts of olden times. He also studied the books of Shah Abdul Aziz (1745-1823 AD), the son of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi. He would also read Kulliyat Zafar (Persian) poetry of Bahadur Shah Zafar (1775-1862 AD), the last Mughal emperor of India. His bookshelf also contained Tib-e-Akbar, which was written by Hakim Muhammad Akbar Arzani (Iran), a celebrated Sufi physician of 17th Century AD.He composed many medical treatises, including theQarabadin-i Qadiri, a pharmacopoeia written as a tribute to Sayyid Sheikh Abdul-Qadir Gilani (d. 1165 AD) who was the founder of the Sufi order of which Arzani was a member.Tib-e-Akbari, composed in 1700 AD, was an expanded version of the Arabic treatise Sharh al-asbab wa-al-alamat by Burhan al-Din Nafis ibn Iwad al-Kirmani; a Persian treatise on the illnesses occurring during pregnancy and breast-feeding and the diseases of infants. Sirat-ul-Jinan focused on Tafseer-e-Quran &the Jinns.Faiz Muhammad Soomro compiled list of this libarary in1966-67 for his MA. Sindhi Literature Monograph on Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan which was submitted by him to University of Sindh Jamshoro Sindh in 1967. Books from serial number 191 to 201 were enlisted by Mian Ahmed Din Mekan in his B.Ed Thesis 1981.

It comes into light that Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan studied books on Tafseer-e-Quran, Hadith, Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence), Sharia(Islamic Legislation),Prophet s Life, History, Astrology, Medicine, Ilm-e-Arooz, Grammer, Mathmatics, Ilm-Al-Kalam (Science of Discourse), Philosophy, Logic, etc. The books of Mian Ghulam Siddique are preserved in a bookshelf locked inside his tomb. Most of the books were printed by Munshi Newal Kishore. Munshi Newal Kishore was a book publisher from India. He has been called Caxton of India. In 1858, at the age of 22, he founded the 'Newal Kishore Press and Book Depot' at Lucknow. This institution today is the oldest printing and publishing concern in Asia. Mirza Ghalib was one of his admirers. Munshi Newal Kishore was son of Pandit Jamuna Prasad Bhargave, a zamindar of Aligarh and was born on January 3, 1836. He died in 1885 at Delhi, India. He published more than 500 books in Urdu, Persian, Hindi, Sanskrit and Arabic on Religion, Ethics, Literature, Medicine and History.

The names of the books are as follows:-

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S.No

Name of the Book Language Remarks

01 Takmala Dur Al Mukhtar Arabic Book on Islamic Jurisprudence

02 Siraj-ul-Munir (Vol: III) Arabic Book on Islamic Legislation

03 Rad-ul-Mukhtar (Vol: III) Arabic Book on Islamic Legislation

04 Rad-ul-Mukhtar (Vol: V) Arabic Book on Islamic Legislation

05 Binafa Li Manfi wa Masael bi Jamia Arabic Book on Islamic Legislation

06 Sharah-e-Maani Ilm-e-Najoom Arabic Book on Islamic Legislation

07 Sharah-e-Jami Siraj-ul-Munir Arabic Book on Islamic Legislation

08 Bayan-e-Arabi (Vol: I) Arabic Book on Islamic Fatwahs

09 Jam-e-Al-Urooz Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Arooz

10 Rad-ul-Mukhtar (Vol: IV) Arabic Book on Islamic Fatwa

11 Jamal (Vol: III) Arabic Book on Tafseer-e-Quran Al-Karim

12 Wasooqui Hashia Mukhtasir Maani Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

13 Sharah-e-Fiqh Akber Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

14 Fatihullah Al Manan (Vol: IV) Arabic Book on Islamic Tafseer

15 Baher-ul-Raique (Vol: IV) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

16 Mustakhalis Sharah-e-Kanzal-ul-Daqaique Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

17 Diwan-e-Hazrat Ali Arabic Biography of Imam Ali (AS)

18 Fateh-ul-Qadeer (Vol: IV) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

19 Kitab-e-Fattawah (Vol: II) Arabic Book on Islamic Fatwa

20 Hashia Amir Badshah Hussain Barazdi Arabic Sharah-e- Mukhtasir Ibn Al Sahib

21 Qutbi (Manuscript) Arabic Book on Islamic Jurisprudence

22 Tuhfa-i-Shah Jahani Persian Book on History of Shah Jehan Mughal

23 Tafseer Fateh –ul- Aziz Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

24 Imdat-e-Al-Riyaya Sharah-e-Waqaya Arabic Book on Islamic Jurisprudence

25 Mishkawat Al Sharif Persian Book on Mishkawat Al Sharif Translation

26 Taqreeb-ul-Tahzeeb Arabic Book on Islamic Legislation

27 Fawaid-Bahya Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Nahwa (Grammer)

28 Sheikh Abdul Haque Dehlavi (Vol: I) Arabic Book on Islamic Fatwa

29 Hidaya (Vol: I) Arabic Book on Islamic Shariah

30 Sharah-e-Waqaya Arabic Book on Islamic Shariah

31 Hashia Sharah-e-Aqaid (Manuscript) Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Kalam

32 Sharah Kanz Ahmed Bin Muhammad Hanafi Arabic Book on Islamic Shariah

33 Majmooa-e-Rasael Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

34 Al-Juz Al-Sani Fi Tafseer Al Kabir Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

35 Fatwah Mehdiya (Vol: I) Arabic Book on Islamic Fatwa

36 Tafseer Al Kabir (Vol:III) Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

37 Sharah Radul Mukhtar Sharah Dur Al Mukhtar Arabic Sharah Tanveer ul-Bahar

38 Dur Al Mukhtar Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

39 Asam (Manuscript) Arabic Book on Ilme Nahav (Grammer)

40 Sabil Al Salam Arabic Book on Islamic Hadith

41 Sharah Dydi Muhammad Anwer Qani Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

42 Khulasat-ul-Hisab (Manucsript) Arabic Book on Ilme Al Hisab (Mathematics)

43 Sharah Ali Minar Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

44 Al Juz-ul Awal Min Aqood-ul- Jawahir Alhanafia Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

45 Fatawa Mehdia (Vol: III) Arabic Book on Islamic Fatwa

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46 Jamia Al Ramooz Arabic Book on Medicine

47 Fatawa Mehdia (Vol: IV) Arabic Book on Islamic Fatwa

48 Shams-ul-Mazghah Arabic Book on Philosophy

49 Mustafa Arabic Book on Philosophy

50 Sidra Arabic Book on Philosophy

51 Ah Hisami Maa Sharah Al Musma Bil Nami Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

52 Majmooa FIqah Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

53 Ilm ul- Kitab Arabic Book on Ilme Nahav (Grammer)

54 Hidayat-ul-Nahav Mahshah Arabic Book on Ilme Nahav (Grammer)

55 Sharah Asalam Al Qazi Arabic Book on Ilme Mantique

56 Sharah Wiqaya (Vol: 3) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

57 Salam Al Uloom Arabic Book on Ilme Mantique

58 Al Juz ul-Sani Sharah Al Kanz Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

59 Sharah Qasida Barda Arabic Book on Mysticism (Sufism)

60 Al Juz ul-Sani Noor Kani Arabic Book on Ilme Mantiq

61 Sharah Al Mawafique Hashiya Arabic Book on Ilme Kalam

62 Dayar Al Mehboob Jazb-ul-Quloob Arabic Book on Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) Miracles

63 Mizan Al Aitdal Fi Naqad Al Rijal Arabic Book on Ilme Isma –ul-Rijal

64 Matool Kitab Tafseer Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

65 Sharah Mutalia Al Anwar Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

66 Asam Al Jami Arabic Book on Ilme Nahav (Grammer)

67 Muawin Majma-e-Muhammadi Arabic Book on Islamic Hadith

68 Mishkawat Al Masabih (Vol: I) Arabic Book on Islamic Hadith

69 Barkat Sharah Mishqawat (Vol: I) Arabic Book on Islamic Hadith

70 Tafseer Jalaluddin Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

71 Qustalani Arabic Book on Islamic Hadith

72 Sahih-e-Bukhari Arabic Book on Islamic Hadith

73 Al Adna Almasnooat Al Ahadis Al Mossoat Arabic Book on Islamic Hadith

74 Muharam Afandi (Vol: I) Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Najoom

75 Sheikhzadah (Vol: I) Arabic Book on Ilm-ul-Kalam

76 Zad-ul-Musafirin (Manuscript) Arabic Book of Poetry

77 Sharah-e-Saifa Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Nahav (Grammer)

78 Anwar-ul-Tanzil Wa Israr-ul-Towel Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

79 Tafseer-e-Kabir Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

80 Tafseer-e-Madarik Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

81 Wasil-e-Jalilah Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

82 Al Juz-ul-Awal Min Kitab-e-Kashaf Alghama Arabic Book on Kashf

83 Sharah Sahih Bukhari Al Juz-ul-Salis Arabic Book on Islamic Hadith

84 Tafsir-ul-Mizan (Vol: I) Arabic Book on Islamic Hadith

85 Al Juz-ul-Sani Min Siraj-ul-Munir Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

86 Hashia Syed Ali Qutbi Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Mantiq

87 Hawashi Sharah Mula Jami Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Nahav (Grammer)

88 Tafseer-e-Jamal (Vol: I) Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

89 Sheikhzada (Vol: V) Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Nahav (Grammer)

90 Tafseer-e-Kabir (Vol: VII) Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

91 Salam Al Suboot Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

92 Saghiri Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

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93 Sheikhzada (Vol: II) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

94 Nashar-ul-Sarf Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

95 Malook ozi Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

96 Sheikhzada (Vol: III) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

97 Al Akhbar Fi Ismae-ul-Rijal Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Isam-ul-Rijal

98 Marqat Sharah Mishqawat (Vol: II) Arabic Book on Islamic Hadith

99 Qustlani (Vol: VII) Arabic Book on Islamic Hadith

100 Mula Jalal Wa Mir Zahid Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Manti

101 Juz-ul-Awal Min Kitab Sharah Al Saadi Arabic Sharah Sahih Bukhari Ma Surkh Zuher-ul-Ruba

102 Tafseer Rooh-ul-Bayan Juz-ul-Salis Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

103 Fteh-ul-Qadeer (Vol: I) Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

104 Maat Al Masael Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

105 Sharah Al Maqasid (vol: I) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

106 Sharah Mula Jami Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Nahav (Grammer)

107 Al Juz-ul-Salis Zarqani Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Nahav (Grammer)

108 Tafseer Tayamum-ul-Rehman (Vol: II) Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

109 Kharafat Al Sulhae Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

110 Sheikhzada Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

111 Tafseer-e-Ahmedi Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

112 Fatwah-e-Mahdiya (Vol: III) Arabic Book on Islamic Fatwa

113 Sheikhzada (Vol: VI) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

114 Khayali Arabic Ilm-e-Kalam wa Ilm Al- Qasaed

115 Sirat-ul-Jinan Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

116 Sharah-e- Maslak Al Munqist Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

117 Jamal (Vol: IV) Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

118 Tafseer Itfaque Fi Uloom Al Quran Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

119 Kulliyat-e-Zafar (1775-1862 AD) Persian Poetry of last Mughal King Bahadur Shah Zafar

120 Kitab-ul-Khiraj Dar Ra Sunat Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

121 Shirka-ul-Daqaiq Bahir ul Alraiq Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqq

122 Sheikhzada (Vol: IX) Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

123 Tafseer-e-Rooh-ul-Bayan (Vol: IV) Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

124 Sahih Bukhari (Egypt) Arabic Book on Hadith

125 Ibne Majah Arabic Book on Hadith

126 Tafseer-e-Rooh-ul-Bayan (Vol: VI) Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

127 Sheikhzada (Vol: IV) Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

128 Hashiah Khayali Arabic Ilm-ul-Kalam Wa Ilm ul-Aqaid

129 Juz-ul-Sani Tafseer Kabir Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

130 Bahir-ul-Raiq (Vol: I) Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

131 Marqat-ul-Mafatih (Vol: V) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

132 Mir Bar Matool Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

133 Al Juz-ul-Rabia Min Al Zarqani Arabic Book on Hadith

134 Bahir-ul-Raiq (Vol: VII) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

135 Tirmizi Sharif Arabic Book on Hadith

136 Bayaz Qalmi Dar Ilm (Manuscript) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

137 Ramzan Afandi Dar Hashiyah Sharah-e-Aqaid Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Kalam

138 Sahih Bukhari (Vol: IX) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

139 Masnad-e-Imam Azam Arabic Book on Hadith

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140 Tib-e-Akber Persian Book on Medicine

141 Usool Al Shafi Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

142 Iqtabas-ul-Anwar Persian Book on Islamic Fiqh

143 Al Ibreez Shah Abdul Aziz Dehlavi (1745-1823 AD) Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

144 Zarqani (Vol: I) Arabic Book on Hadith

145 Sharah Hidaya Hashiah Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

146 Mishkawat Al Masabih Arabic Book on Hadith

147 Bahir –ul-Raique Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

148 Nasab-ul- Raya fi Takhrikh Ahadith Al Hidaya Arabic Book on Hadith

149 Sunan Abi Daud Persian Book on Hadith

150 Fateh-ul-Qadeer (Vol: II) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

151 Sharah Asbah-ul-Nazaer Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

152 Al Muta Al Imam Muhammad Arabic Book on Hadith

153 Menabi Arabic Book on Philosophy

154 Syed-ul-Nabi Arabic Book on Hadith

155 Makhzan Al Warayan Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

156 Hashiyah Al Alama Muhaqiq Dasooqi Persian Book on Islamic Fiqh

157 Khayali Arabic Book on Ilm-ul-Kalam

158 Fatwah Muhammadia (Vol: IV) Arabic Book on Islamic Fatawah

159 Tafseer Kabir (Vol: VI) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

160 Fateh-ul-Qadeer (Vol: II) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

161 Kashaf-yl-Khumra Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

162 Sharah Muslim Al Nubwah Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

163 Ghabit-ul-Al Autar Dur Al Mukhtar Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

164 Mishkawat Sharif Persian Book on Hadith

165 Fatwah Mehdiya (Vol: IV) Arabic Book on Islamic Fatawah

166 Bahir Al Raiq (Vol: VIII) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

167 Bayaz Dar Ilm (Manuscript) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

168 Rad-ul-Mukhtar (Vol: II) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

169 Sharah Wiqayah Urdu Translation of Noor-ul-Huda

170 Sharah Al Jamia Al Safeer Imam Abdul Rauf Ansari Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

171 Tasreeh Hashiah Tareekh Dar Usool Fiqah Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

172 Minar (Manuscript) Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Asool

173 Sunan Al Nasai Arabic Book on Hadith

174 Hidaya Maa AlKiifaya Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

175 Majmooat-ul-Rasail Al Sind Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

176 Dur-ul-Mukhtar Urdu Book on Islamic Fiqh

177 Hawashi Mutafirqa Dar Kafiya (Manuscript) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

178 Kabir Jali Kabir Jali Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

179 Rooh-ul-Bayan Al Juz-ul-Sani Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

180 Muqadimat Ibn Al Salah Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

181 Hashiya Abdul Ghafoor Arabic Book on Ilm-e-Nahav (Grammer)

182 Dur-ul-Mukhtar Ghaba-ul –Autar Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

183 Kharid-ul-Ajaib Wa Kharid Al Kharaib Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

184 Haqeeqat-e-Muhammadi (Manuscript) Arabic Biography of Harat Muhammad (PBUH)

185 Kitab Tanvir fi Istatat Al Tadbir Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

186 Tafsir-ul-Kabir Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

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187 Alamgir (Vol: I) Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

188 Muqadimat Wa Sayah Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

189 Sharah Maani Arabic Book on Tafseer -e-Quran Al-Karim

190 Kanz-ul-Daqaique Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

191 Bayaz-e-Arabi Arabic Book on Islamic Fatwa

192 Jamia Al Arooz Arabic Book on Ilm-e Arooz

193 Khulasat-ul-Hisab Arabic Book on Aritmetic

194 Jamia-ul-Ramooz Arabic Book on Medicine

195 Shams Bazigha Arabic Book on Philosophy

196 Wasila Jalilah Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

197 Haqiqat-e-Muhammadi (Manuscript) Arabic Biography of Muhammad (PBUH)

198 Iqtabas-ul-Anwar Persain Book on Sufis from Hassan e Basri

199 Mulla Jalal Wa Mir Zahid Arabic Book on Hadith

200 Al Nashar-ul-Sarf Arabic Book on Grammer

201 Muslim-ul-Saboot Arabic Book on Islamic Fiqh

A Fatwah issued by Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in Persian language with his seal

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Pieces of Poetry

Main Ghulam Siddique Mekan composed poetry in the form of Moulood and Munajat. It is told that he composed poetry in Arabic, Persian and Sindhi. He loved Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) and praised Ahal e Bait and Sahabah. He usually admired Hazrat Ali (A.S) in his Persian verses. According to Mian Taj Muhammad Mekan, he repeatedly used to say in rythem;

Man Ghulam-e-Hydaram, Hyder Ghulam-e- Ahmed Ast!

Some people say that in these lines he praised his religious guide Mian Ghulam Hyder of Katbar Sharif Balochistan. He has also admired Sheikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani in his poetry. This piece of potry was presented by Dr. Memon Abdul Ghafoor Sindhi in his book entitled Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani , published by Manzoor Ahmed and Moulvi Muhammad Azeem, Shikarpur (1983), on page 137. He was also iinfluenced by Fareedudin Attar, Maulana Roomi and Haque Bahoo, the celebrated Sufi saints of Islamic world. One of his pieces of poems is given as under;

ن، �� ن ��ن א�� ن. � �� ،� � �"و � ��

��ن، א+��ن ��*(، $)�� ' �&%�ن $#�، �، و- �#, ./1 *1 ��0 �0� �� ،� دא��ن34 دو 09/�ن �ت ��ن، �6/7 د*دن �ن دא��ن، ��ل

> �ن، �> :; �� :�ن.��4 �ن و@� د*دن دوאن، =�כ *�ل <6ن، =3 �ن

،�6� AB= �> �/0= ،ن�C 1� D��E �0و*! �� F/GH <� 09/ א�9> ��ن،

ن. ��J Gو��J ن�K � � ،�L�M� /09 N�O�

In the praise of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani of Baghdad, Iraq, he says; ��6R، א/Qي �E�S �6ن�� T ،�69 09א�� ،��* U �V"� *�W� ،�6$ X*�$ �$ U

�/ !Y�� \] א�DZ אو <�ن [�� 9> ��، ،�� <�� ] �9�9 \ ،�� <^�T U _`T �9 ،�� <�� ن�� 9 �ق

!�� <Jدא b� F/GH .Y�� /� \] א�DZ אو

A few lines from Persian poetry of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan; ،�� d[�ت <' GOE אc א�`�Z* א .�� fJאن ��0 *א א��E Fe* א� ��G $ �Bאن، �gE א�� *א�

� ��G J �Bאن، �LH � ��ت ،�h 0� 0E *G C� G/: 0�%;

�h �E D��/وא* אود دcא '; �D�� ; *�E 0BE 0، א;0 '$

D�� '�� 0BE '� 0� F� <�� i�� cא �L; F/GH 0א א/� [�ل،

GJא/� �Eد �E و*א� �C�Tل.

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Knowledge & Works

The numbers of books written by Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan is not known. According to Maulana Kamaldin Mahesar of Kamaldero, district Khairpur; Sindh, he had compiled a large numbers of books on Islamic fatwas. One of them was called Joong. After his death in 1905, this valueable book remained in the custody of Pir Turab Ali Shah Rashdi. Nothing is known about this book now. Probably one can find it in the library of Pir Pagaro, located at Kingri House, district Khairpur, Sindh. Mission & Sayings

His teachings serve as a code for life, useful to all. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan told three types of man in his gatherings. He says: There are three kinds of men in this world; 1) Ghafil: Neglectful. Muslims are always reminded not to get so engrossed in worldly affairs as to neglect their religious duties 2) Khatakar: A person or thing that does something wrong or causes problems. 3) Arif: The meaning of the name Arif is: Acquainted and Knowledgeable. His Relics & Remains…

The descendents of Saindad Khan Mastoi possess following relics of Main Ghulam Siddique Mekan. The author of this book personaly saw these relics with the support of Advocate Muhammad Younis Mastoi and Rais Punhal Khan Mastoi on 13th January 2008 at Village Darya Khan Mastoi in Taluka Shahdadkot.

The relics included; • Cap (For Winter Season) • Cap (For Summer Season) • Wooden Stick • Piece of Ghilaf-e-Kaaba

• Head Covering/ Veil • Soap used in funeral ceremony of the saint • Covered lid for keeping small things • The Sacred Slippers • Letter addressed to Saindad Khan Mastoi The Surhio family of Shahdadkot also possess a wooden stick of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. Sirai Muhammad Bux Khan Khuhawar –I (d.1932 AD) and Faqir Ghulam Rasool Tunio of Shahdadkot

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Winter & Summer Caps of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan and the soap which was used to wash his deadbody in 1905 AD

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The sacred slippers of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan (1844-1905), preserved by Mastois in Village Darya Khan Mastoi, Shahdadkot.

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Chief Deputies, disciples and followers

The chief deputies, disciples and followers of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan were Khanbahadur Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar-I, Khalifo Ghulam Muhammad Tunio and Khalifo Saindad Khan Mastoi. His other notable deputies were Maulana Ghulam Muhammad Kamalderai (Kamaldero/Khairpur), Mian Ali Sher Chandio (Ghaibidero/ Kamber) and Mian Umer Din Channa. Muhammad Ibrahim Surhio used to provide cloth to the saint and his family members on credit. He was a cloth merchant in Shahi Bazzar Shahdadkot. He kept keys of the shrine and used to light oil lamps inside the burial chamber. One day Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan sent his man to the merchant and asked for more cloths but the shopkeeper did not response to the man and replied that Mian has not returned his loan of RS. 60/= therefore he would not give any piece of cloth to him. The man retuned and narrated whole story to the saint. It is said that the saint cursed Muhammad Ibrahim Surhio and his family. Seeing this, Abdullah Khan Khoso, a landlord of Dhing paid 120 Rupees to Muhammad Ibrahim Surhio for the saint. Syed Ghulam Muhiyuddin Shah of Baghban (Khuzdar Balochistan) also learnt religious education from him. Diwan Motio Mal was converted to Islam with his own will by Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in Shahdadkot. Later on, he was called Faqir Moj-ul-Din Sheikh by the common people. His brothers were Jeal Faqir and Fateh Muhammad who also became Muslims. Jeal Faqir Sheikh built a mosque near Village Mir Ji Nari, Taluka Shahdadkot. Mula Soomar Babar was also a disciple of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan who served his master all his life. Besides, Sheikh Abdul Rauf Shikarpuri was his disciple of great importance. Later on, he became Mukhtiarkar at Shahdadkot Taluka in Upper Sindh Frontier/ Jacobabad District. Another person named Bahauddin Gangua also learnt religious knowledge from Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. He served as Head Munshi 3rd Class Magistrate at Shahdadkot. He used to write Phylactaxy (An amulet or charm, worn for its magical or supernatural power). He used to sleep in the medrassa after daylong work. Another disciple was Hafiz Natho, who also belonged to Punjab. According to Jamali tribe, Mian Hafiz Natho was Dayo by caste. He died in the life of the saint and was burried in a graveard located in the west of Shahpur, by Shahdadkot-Garhi Khairo road. Hafiz Noor Mustafa Aawan, the resident of Punjab, came to get religious education from him.

Moulvi Kher Muhammad Lashari was also a disciple of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. God blessed him with two sons; 1) Muhammad Hassan Khuhawar and 2) Muhammad Hussain Khuhawar. Their graves are located in the historic graveyard of Village Chhuto Joyo in Miro Khan Taluka. Mula Noorudin Brohi (Muhammad Shahi) was also a disciple of Mian Ghualm Siddique Mekan and lived on Shahdadkot Bago Daro road. He died in 1948 and left behind six sons; 1) Muhammad Azim 2) Muhammad Azam 3) Haji Faiz Muhammad 4) Moula Bux Khan 5) Muhammad Khan and 6) Muhammad Saleh. Professor Muhammad Ibrahim Brohi is a great grandson of Muala Noorudin Brohi. Haji Abdul Karim Chawiro is also said to be a disciple of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. He lived in Village Gandakha, Balochistan where he was blessed by the saint during his tour. Once Diwan Madan Lal Motanpota, dug a well in village Silra, but unfortunately its water was brackish. Diwan invited the saint to his home for blessing to the well to produce sweet water. Mian Ghualm Siddique Mekan went alongwith his selected disciples and started reciting some verses on a glass of sweet water. Later on, he ordered to put that glass of water in the well. The well became sweet and it produced best quality of sweet driking to the whole the village. Moulvi Karim Bux Mangi also received his religious education from Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. An ektaro was placed in his house which he used to play when the faqirs of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan sang Kafis. Professor Qurban Ali Mangi and Advocate K.B Mangi are his grandsons. Bibi Wadan, a descendent from Syed Pir Turab Ali Shah Rashidi of Kamber annually visited the old residential quarters situated beside the house of Moulvi Karim Bux Mangi. The Pirs Humayooni and Sirhandi also came to visit the shrine in the past. Wali Muhammad Khuhawar was another figure of impotance who was also associated with the saint in his life. Once the saint prayed in his favour in the case of murder committed by his persons. Chandio Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi (1916-2003)

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Hafiz Mehmood Chandio/ Husnani was also a disciple of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. He belonged to Bhambho Khan Chandio, a village in Taluka Miro Khan. After memorizing the Holy Quran and other lessons in Arabic and Persian from Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan, he returned to his village and established Medrassa Tahfeez-ul-Quran. God blessed him with a son called Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi. Allama received his early education from Maulana Feteh Muhammad Kharal/ Seerani, a resident of Village Shahi situated 3 Kilometers away from Shahdadkot. He also received religious education from Mualana Khush Muhammad Mirokhani and Maulana Abdul Karim Koorai. Later, he received an advanced education from Maulana Ubedullah Sindhi and Maulana Syed Hussain Ahmed Madani. Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi not only left his mark as a theologian but he also left his footprints in the realms of education, literary criticism, historical research, journalism and medicine and as an activist in his country s independence movement against the British colonial power. Allama Qasmi in his early period went to Darul Uloom, Deoband, for learning and then he went to Delhi where he learnt about Shah Waliullah s philosophy from Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi (1872-1944) at his Darul Hikmat. He supported Maulana Azizullah Jarwar in opening Muhammad Bin Qasim Theosophical School in Village Gul Muhammad Jarwar, Taluka Shahdadkot, District Larkana Sindh in August 1944 AD. This Medrassa provided a lodging and boarding to about 200 students of Sindh and Balochistan.

As a teacher, Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi produced many scholars including Dr. Ghulam Ali Allana, the first PhD scholar to write a thesis in Sindhi language. He published 32 books on Shah Waliullah and their Sindhi translation, edited Urdu periodical Al-Wali and a Sindhi journal Al-Rahim. Prior to that, he had edited the daily Naeen Sindh in the 1950s. Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi remained honorary chairman of Sindhi Adabi Board, and was honoured on numerous occasions including with prestigious Sitara-i-Imtiaz. Allama Qasmi, as a journalist, exposed political injustice and bureaucratic corruption in the early days of the birth of Pakistan, and, as a man, he was unprejudiced, broadminded, simple, humble, loving and caring to those around him. Allama, as a political activist, vehemently opposed colonialism, imperialism and capitalism, which he considered as the causes of all evils, and, therefore, he preached social justice. He was a Sindhi nationalist. He considered himself unfit for the politics in Pakistan and thus he devoted his energies to research, writing and education. He officially visited Saudi Arabia, Libia, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Russia and China. He received Shah Abdul Latif Award, Qalander Lal Shahbaz Award and Luari Sharif Award for his precious contributions. Allama Qasmi lived in Mustafa Manzil, A-20 Journalists Colony Hyderabad, Sindh. He died on 10th December 2003. He was buried in the royal graveyard of Mian Ghulam Nabi Kalhoro, the ex Kalhora Prince of Sindh. Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi has four sons; 1) Dr. Saeed Ahmed Qasmi 2) Engineer Rasheed Ahmed Qasmi 3) Professor Nazir Ahmed Qasmi and 4) Dr. Farid Ahmed Qasmi (Canada). He has only one daughter called Dr. Rasheeda Qasmi. Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi Chair has been established at University of Sindh Jamshoro recently. Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi was guide to more than 100 Phd Scholars. The names of such Phd / M.Phil Scholars in Sindhi, Islamiat, and Sociology are given as under; Dr. Ghulam Ali Allana (1971), Dr. Aminullah Alvi (1973), Dr. Abdul Jabbar Junejo (1974), Dr. Abdul Karim Sandilo (1974), Dr. Syed Saleh Muhammad Shah (1974), Dr. Memon Abdul Majeed Sindhi (1974), Dr. Abdul Rehman Abbassi (1975), Dr. Allah Bux Rind (1975), Dr. Muhammad Yasin Al Rumavi (1975), Dr. Manzoor Ahmed Soomro (1975), Dr. Abdul Karim Talpur (1975), Dr. Muhammad AZam Qureshi (1976), Dr. Kalsoom Khuwaja (1976), Dr. Mazharuddin Soomro(1976), Dr. Abdul karim Mangrio (1976), Dr. Rehmatullah Abro (1976), Dr. Muhammad Ishaque Ansari (1976), Dr. Ghazanfar Mehdi (1976), Dr. Ali Nawaz Phulpoto (1977), Dr. Mehmood Ambali Amin Al-Misri (1978), Dr. Nabi Bux Daudpoto (1978), Dr. Syed Mehmmood Shah (1978), Dr. Abdul Khalique Soomro (1978), Dr. Azizullah Memon (1978), Dr. Muhammad Juman Talpur (1978), Dr. Shamsuddin Ursani (1980), Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Yousif Memon (1980), Dr. Abdul Hadi Surhio (1980), Dr. Ayaz Hussain Qadri (1982), DR. Abdul Jabbar Mughal (1982), Dr. Shams Muhsin Abbassi (1983), Dr. Aziz Rehman Bughio (1983), Dr. Memon Abdul Ghafoor Sindhi (1984), Dr. Moulvi Muhammad Idris Soomro (1984), Dr. Qureshi hamid Ali Khanai (1986), Dr. Hafiz Nizamuddin Mahar (1986), Dr. Muhammad Ishaque Abro (1986), Dr. Shahnawaz Sodhar (1988), Dr. Noor Afroze Khuwaja (1988), Dr. Hafiz Sibghatullah Indhar (1988), Dr. Habibullah Siddiqui (1988), Dr. Hassan Bano Soomro (1989), Dr. Qazi Khadim (1989), Dr. Abdul Jabbar Abid Leghari (1989), Dr. Ghulam Qadir Soomro (1989), Dr. Muhammad Panah Phurio (1989), Dr. Muhammad Saleh gopang (1990), Dr. Muhammad Ashraf Samo (1990), Dr. Khan Muhammad Larik (1990), Dr. Ghulam Muhammad Dahri (1992) and Dr. Mumtaz Bhutto (1992) etc. Dr. Mehmood & Dr. Yasin of Palistine also received guidance from him in Sociology during their research.

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Sirai Muhammad Hassan Khuhawar (Notable) and Sirai Muhammad Azim Khuhawar (Correspondent Al-Waheed; died in 1960s) were also followers of the saint.They originally belonged to Dadu, Sindh. Their father Rais Muhammad Baqar Khan Khuhawar, who was Ghaloo by clan, and was a great influential person. Sirai Khuda Bux Khuhawar also served the saint during his life. He was also a Hakim or traditional healer. Besides this, he was a great calligrapher of his time. He opened a Madressah in his life. After his death, it was run by his daughter. Qazi Allah Bux Palal was another famous disciple. Yaro Faqir Awan is also said to be attached with him. His tomb is haunted which is located in the neighbourhood of Bago Daro mound, Taluka Qubo Saeed Khan. It is said that Haji Ghulam Nabi Magsi also saw this saint during his life. Darya Khan Mastoi and Esa Khan Mastoi also saw him when they were young. Mula Esa Unar was also attached to the saint. He used to live at Village Mir jI Nari, Shahdadkot. After few years, he migrated to village Bakho Khuhawar, Kamber. Jeal Faqir Sheikh would graze cow of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan which was the only livelihood source of the saint. Mian would drink its milk and eat its butter in meals. One of his devotees Maulana Atta Muhammad Attai Tunio of village Mehboob Tunio, 13 Km from Behram in Miro Khan composed verses in his praise in Sindhi language. Attai was a great poet of Sindhi, Urdu and Hindko. Moulvi Muhammad Daud Tunio and Moulvi Ubedullah Tunio also belonged to this village. This piece of poetry was framed and hung in Dargah Sharif but it is unseen today.Punhal Faqir Soomro alias Seelani also saw the saint. Nawab Gul Muhammad Khan Zeb Magsi, Syed Hakim Ali Shah Pat Waro and Syed Misri Shah were also regular visitors of the shrine. Mian Ubedullah Mekan used to provide food to the devotees of the saint. Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Mohtama Benazir Bhutto and Mir Murtaza Bhutto have also visited the shrine of the saint on different occasions. The detail of chieif deputies is given as follows;

Khalifo Ghulam Muhammad Tunio: One of the earliest deputies of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan was Khalifo Ghulam Muhammad Tunio. His father Faqir Muhammad Achar Tunio was a shepherd who grazed cattle of landlords in Bhag Nari Balochistan. He came with Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan in 1857 AD from Kanda, Balochistan. He also accompanied the parents of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in his journey to pilgrimage to Arabia. It is said that in Mina he ate the meat of a sacrificed animal. The change of atmosphere also increased his sickness. A critical time happened in his life, he asked his master to pray for his quick recovery. On knowing his feelings Mian Sahib replied him that he would be fit and fine soon and you would return to Sindh. You would get married and God will bless you three sons: Ahmed Ali, Saeed Ahmed and Masood Ahmed. The descendents of the Khailo tell that this prophecy came to be ture. Khalifo did two marriages after returning from Arabia. God blessed him four sons: 1) Ahmed Ali (Karachi) 2) Masood Ahmed (Karachi) and 3) Saeed Ahmed (Karachi) and 4) Ghulam Rasool. Ahmed Ali Tunio had three sons 1) Muhammad Roshan 2) Shamsuddin and 3) Abdul Ghafoor. Muhammad Roshan Tunio has two sons: 1) Habib Ahmed and 2) Bashir Ahmed. Habib Ahmed is a Shopkeeper and Bashir Ahmed is a contractor. They posses a copy of Holy Quran. They claim that it was caligraphed by Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan himself. This copy of holy Quran was kept inside Dargah Sharif for visitors but later on it was removed from the sight due to some unknown reasons. Khalifo Ghulam Muhammad Tunio died in early 20th Century. He was buried in the Graveyard of Bhanbho Khuhawar, Shahdadkot. He was entitled as Khalifa-e-Azam.

Khalifo Saindad Khan Mastoi: The Mastoi or Mustoi are a Baloch tribe in the Balochistan, Sindh, andPunjab provinces of Pakistan. Mastoi clan migrated from Mastung and spread in Kachhi gandawah plains in Balochistan.IIt is said that Mastoi are a branch of Rind tribe. Mir Sher Muhammad Khan Rind was father in law of Mir Noor Muhammad Khan Talpur, the Ruler of Sindh. The tribal seat of rind tribe in Balochistan is Shoran. According to old traditions this tribe once lived in Basra, Iraq. Later on they moved towards Gawader Balochistan. Then they founded the town of Mastung in Balochistan.The majority of the Mastois settled in Sindh are in the districts of Dadu, Larkana, Sukkhurand Karachi. In Punjab Mastois are settled in Muzzafargarh, Rajanpur, Dera Ghazi Khanand Rahimyar Khan. In Balochistan Mastoi live in the areas of Sibi, Mastung and Dadhar. The tribe mostly speaks Seraiki and Sindhi as their first language, a large number of the tribe's population speaks Balochi.Some Mastois families are industrialists, land lords; bankers etc. but the majority are still involved in agriculture. Cattle are a typical form of

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income for many Baloch tribes as well as the Mastois. The earliest figure of this family in Shahdadkot area was Feroz Khan Mastoi, from whom the clan took the name of Ferozani. Feroz Khan Mastoi had a son called Darya Khan, who is buried near Meenhon Leghari. God blessed him a son who came to be known as Saindad Khan Mastoi. He lived near Wandh Gul Muhammad and Parial Sial villages. Mastois had founded a village which was called Dad Muhammad Mastoi or Dadu. It was a flourishing village in the south west of Chakiani, in Shahdadkot taluka. This village is shown in the maps of 1887 and 1925 AD. Pir Nabi Shah was their religious guide. Afterwards, the Syed founded a separate village which is called Pir Jo Goth now. Some of the Mastois became devotees of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan. Afterwards they followed Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan as their master. After his death, they took Mian Ghulam Siddique as their religious leader. According to Faiz Muhammad Soomro (1967) One day a devotee of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan came to him. He told him that Saindad Mastoi was not returning his Rs. 100/=. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan tried to convince him that he would be paid his money very soon. Seeing this Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan sent one of his faqirs to Saindad Mastoi for solving the matter. Saindad Khan Mastoi replied three times that he would not appear before the Mullah. On fourth time Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan sent a faqir with this sentence that, One day you will present yourself to us . After few dyas Saindad Mastoi realized his mistake and came to Shahdadkot in severe cold at night. He knocked at the door and asked for pardon tfrom Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. From that day Saindad Mastoi got entered himself in the list of saint s servants.

When Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan went to pilgrimage to Makkah, he took Saindad Mastoi with himself. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan sent Saindad Mastoi for a piece of work to pilgrimages camp Karachi. He took too much time there. It is why the steamer blew whistle and started floating in the Arabian Sea. Saindad Matoi came to the sea port and started crying and weeping. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan gestured him to throw his turban in the waters of the sea and jump down in it. He did whatever he was directed by Mian Sahib. When the crew of the ship saw this miraculious situation it stopped the steamer and waited for a while and took the pilgrim through a boat. He lived most of his life with Mian Sahib, who blessed him many times. Saindad Mastoi had a son called Darya Khan Mastoi. It is told that Darya Khan Mastoi learnt Quran from Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. He also passed 6th standard examination from local vernacular school. He used to come to live with Mian Sahib at his medrassa. He loved Daraya Khan Mastoi very much. When Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan felt ill, he brought Pir Turab Ali Shah Rashdi from kamber to heal him. During this Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan could not recover himself from the severe sickness. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan asked Saindad Mastoi to come to his home but he refused to do so. Finally he left a will, or testament, at his death bed and asked Sanidad Mastoi to arrange marriages of his nieces with some suitable familes. The deputy obeyed and promised his master to do so. After some other spiritual and domestic matters he passed away from this world with empty handed. He left no property, no lands and nor any valuable things after him. According to historical records he died on 23rd Rabi Al Awal 1323 AH correspondent to Sunday 28 May 1905 AD at Shahdadkot. It was morning time around 7:00 a.m. His age was 63 years like that of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) and Ali (A.S).

Khalifo Saindad Mastoi had donated agricultural lands to the medrassa of the saint. By 1907 AD, he thought to build a shrine over the graves of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan and his other family members in Shahdadkot. Saindad Khan Mastoi died in 1917 AD and was buried in his own village situated by Shahdadkot-Ratodero Road. He founded his village in Deh Lal Khan Mastoi in Taluka Miro Khan. He had also built a mosque there. After the death of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan, the Khuhawars became the followers of Maulana Abdul Ghafoor Maftoon Humayuni of Shikarpur, but they still continued their respects to Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan shrine.

Maulana Syed Taj Mehmood Amroti (1857-1929 AD) learnt from Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan

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A Copy of letter sent by Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan to Haji Saindad Khan Mastoi in Sindhi script

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Haji Darya Khan Mastoi:

Khalifo Darya Khan Mastoi was the son of Saindad Kahn Mastoi. He was born in 1871. Darya Khan Mastoi was member of Taluka Local Board and member of Shahdadkot Sanatory Comitteee. According to Muhammad Aslam Sheikh (1992) he also took active part in the Khilafat Movement. He was expert in Law matters; therefore every one consulted him. He was member of Council of Elders Jacobabad, Sindh. The Jacobabad Authorities regularly invited chiefs of the area to attend their Jirga twice a year. The Darbar was held and it was presided over by the Chief Political Agent. Darya Khan Mastoi also attended these Jirgas regularily. Four members of Sibi and SDM Kamber also attended these meetings. All this happened before the year 1932 AD when Shahdadkot was a part of Upper Sindh Frontier/ Jacobabad District, Sindh. Darya Khan Mastoi did three marriages. He also performed Hajj and went to Iraq and Iran to see holy places there. He spent the months of May, June, July and August at Karachi to avoid summer heat. He also constructed a building in Jhimpir, district Thatta for his residence. He died in 1972 at the age of 101 years at his own village in Shahdadkot taluka. He left behind a son Haji Muhammad Younis Mastoi who is still alive and resides at Village Darya Khan Mastoi.

Muhammad Younis Mastoi:

Muhammad Younis Mastoi was born in 1922 at Village Darya Khan Mastoi, Taluka Shahdadkot. He topped his BA from University of Sindh in 1957. After this, he passed LLB in 1958-59 and became Advocate in High Court, Sindh. He continued his practice as a lawyer uptill 1975-76. Later on, he paid his attension on his agricultural lands.

He has five sons:

Punhal Khan Mastoi He is B.A & LLB. He has four sons; 1) Darya Khan-III 2) Imran Khan 3) Rizwan Khan and 4) Muhsin Khan.

Mukhtiar Ahmed Mastoi He has four sons; 1) Javed Ahmed 2) Noor Nabi 3) Ashique Hussain and 4) Jehangir.

Bashir Ahmed Mastoi He has nine sons; 1) Hafiz Muhammad Esa 2) Muhammad Hassan 3) Sartaj Ahmed 4) Aurangzeb 5) Jehanzeb 6) Shahzeb 7) Zeeshan 8) Muzamil and 9) Saindad-II.

Aftab Ahmed Mastoi He has two sons; 1) Amir Khan and 2) Salman Khan.

Mujeeb Ahmed Mastoi He has one son; 1) Saqalain Mujeeb Haji Darya Khan Mastoi (Center) with his Muhmmad Esa Mastoi & Hajan Khan Mastoi

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Shrine of the Saint-1907 to 2014

Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan himself built the first shrine over the graves of his family members during his lifetime. After the death of Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan, Mian Ghulam Umer and Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan, Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan built this mausoleum with Sundried bricks which were the only source of construction material in the area. The devotees including Sanjogi Sheikh and Hindu Community also came to light the oil lamps on the graves during saint s life. He was also buried there after his death in May 1905. It is believed that beside the tomb, he built a magnificent Khanqah and a Sarai for travelers and disciples. In late 1907, Saindad Khan Mastoi decided to reconstruct Dargah Sharif with baked bricks. Therefore he made a plan for the construction of the shrine and consulted with local masons and labour. He was told that the soil of

Shahdadkot was not suitable for making bricks as it contained salt and salinity in great quantity. The masons advised Saindad Mastoi to arrange good quality baked bricks from Larkana. With the moral support of Sirai Muhammad Hassan Khuhawar of Shahdadkot, he succeeded in obtaining permission from Deputy Collector Larkana for digging soil for the bricks outside Larkana city. Such kind of document is still preserved by the descendents of him.

Saindad Khan Mastoi did agreement with Ghulam Muhammad Sher Muhammad Pathan on 8 Annas British India King George V Stamp Paper on 20th November 1907. The draft of the agreement was prepared by Sirai Muhammad Hassan Khuhawar in Sindhi. He was brother in law of Khanbahadur Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar-I. According to the agreement Ghulam Muhammad Pathan was bound to prepare 60,000 baked bricks. He prepared 15000 bricks from the water of wells while 45000 bricks were prepared from irrigational water. The amount of per 1000 bricks was fixed Rs.10/-. In this way the total amount of the bricks was Rs.600/- which was paid by Saindad Khan Mastoi. The expenses of labour for construction and transportation was besides that amount. The contractor of the bricks was bound to prepare all the said quantity by 1st Muharam Al Haram 1326 AH (Tuesday 4 February 1908 AD). The size of the bricks was 1 feet by 3 inches thickness. Saindad Khan Mastoi also hired Osto Abu Baqar Dakhan as Chief Mason of the construction work of Dargah Sharif.

In this way 60,000 bricks were scorched in preparation for Dargah Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan at Shahdadkot. In those

days there were no proper roads. People used to travel by boats sailing on the waters of Ghar Wah and Koor Dato. It is told

that these bricks were brought to Shahdadkot through ferry boats from Larkana through Koor Dato.The Iron Graders of

Belgium were also brought to Shahdadkot through boats. They were total 11 in number which were fixed inside the ceiling.

While Grave Monument Slabs came from buff

coloured Sandstone of Sukkur.The construction

work of Shrine or Dargah Sharif took at least one

year. In the flood of 1942, the shrine became abode

of Sheikh and Hindu flood effectees of the area.

The relatives of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan left

Shahdadkot and went to live in Osta Muhammad

Balochistan for sometime. It is said that the flood

waters touched gate of the shrine and did not enter

into the tomb. People call it miracle of the

saint.Since 1948; the Mutawali of Dargah Mian

Ghulam Siddique Mekan is Wadero Haji Darya

Khan Haji Saindad Khan Mastoi. The list of

Mutawalis of district Larkana bearing S.No 2566

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bears his name till this date. The total area of this shrine including Dargah, Mosque, Courtyards, Paltform, Water Tank,

Medrassa, Hoses and other related places is 12364.1 yards or 37092.3 feet. The list is available in the District Court of

Larkana, Sindh.The shrine was provided electricity in 1956 by WAPDA.It is the earliest type of Rectangle mausoleum building.

The entrance to the shrine is from two gateways in the east and south through a courtyard. It has no dome at the top like other

traditional tombs of Sindh. The grave of Mian ghulam Siddique Mekan stands in the eastern part of the enclosure. The space

within the tomb contains several other graves of the-family members and disciples of the saint. The total number of graves

inside the enclosure is 21. Just adjacent to the tomb on the west is Zenana Graveyard which contains 39 graves of all sizes

including ladies and males of the saint s family members, relatives and disciples of Khuhawar caste. The total number of

graves inside and outside the main enclosure including Zennana Graveyard is 60 uptill Friday 7th February 2014. It is believed

that minarates of the Jamia Mosque & Shrine of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan tremble before arriving any kind of diasters

especially floods of River Indus. It was observed by the people in 1942 and 1948. On 5th January 1955, Medrassa Arabia

Halimia was eastablished in the neighbourhood of the shrine. Its first headteacher was Muhammad Rafique Khushnavees.

In the south of the shrine is the historic three domed mosque built by Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. It was built with the

donations of Mr. Abdul Rauf Sheikh Shikarpuri, Mukhtiarkar Shahdadkot between 1885 to 1905. It has large courtyard in the

east. The wooden shelter of the mosque has been removed now. There is no female grave inside the main Burial Chamber.

This chamber was once a hub of wild pigeons and other birds. They used to lay eggs on fabrics hung over the line of graves

and in brick ventilaters of the building. Previously the grave of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan was decorated with wooden

frame which is removed recently during fresh renovation work. An oil lamp was also placed here since the time of the saint to

enlighten the medrassa so that students may remember their lessons. Khanbahadur Sirai Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar-II, had dug

a grave for him during his life inside the shrine building. He died 15 years later after this digging. The shrine had fine shady

trees.The backside portion of the shrine was used for mentally disturbed and paralysed people. A Water Tank was constructed

by Sirai Muhammad Nawaz Kher Muhammad Khan Mastoi, a landlord of Bago Daro in 1981 AD. It was built with the support

of Haji Muhammad Bux Khan Memon (Assistant Direcor FIA), Wali Muhammad Manganhar, Haji Piyaro Babar, Haji Misri Khan

Silro and Mistri Ghous Bux Nangrani. During PPP Government, the Restoration work was carried out by MNA Ramesh Lal

Motanpota under Khushal Pakistan Scheme. It costs 1, 50,000 Rs. Currently the shrine has been whitewashed and coloured

by an unkonown devotee. People believe that it was the saint Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan who saved Shahdadkot from the

devastating River Indus Floods in August 2010 AD.

The detail of graves inside enclosure is given as under;

First Row from South

Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan (1844-1905 AD)

Alhaj Mian Abdul Halim Mekan (d.1399 AH-1979 AD)

Mian Sahibzada Muhammad Pannah Mekan (d.1903 AD)

Maulana Mian Ghulam Umder Mekan (d.1885 AD)

Maulana Mian Gul Muhammad Mekan (d.1888 AD)

Maulana Mian Noor Muhammad Mekan (d.1879 AD)

Mian Ubedullah Abdul Rauf Mekan (1921-1986 AD)

Maulana Mian Muhammad Ismaeil Mekan (d.1903 AD)

Mian Atta Muhammad Mian Abdul Halim Mekan (d.1429 AH-2008 AD)

Sirai Muhammad Ali Khan Khanbahadur Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar (Elder of Karira & Kot Ali Nawaz Khuhawars)

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Second Row from North

Khanbahadur Sirai Pir Bux Khan Feroz Khan Khuhawar (d.1899-1903)

Sirai Muhammad Bux Khan Khanbahadur Pir Bux Khan Khuhawar (d. 1932)

Khanbahadur Pir Bux Khan Muhammad Bux Khan Khuhawar (b.1903-d.1979)

Mian Taj Muhammad Abdul Aziz Mekan

Mian Nasiruddin Mekan (1880-1928)

Alhaj Agha Mian Muhammad Nasiruddin Khuwaja Muhammad Abdul Halim Mekan (d. AH- 1977 AD)

Cluster of 4 Small Graves

These graves include 1 son of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan, 2 sons of Mian Muhammad Ismaeil Mekan and 1 son of Mian

Ghulam Umer Mekan.

Memorandum

Medrassa Siddiquia Arabia Shahdadkot is named after Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan. It was established by Maulana Qamaruddin Mahesar in 1937 AD at Drib Muhalla Shahdadkot. It was supported by Khuwaja Agha Abdul Hayy Chashmavi, who belonged to Quetta, Balochistan. Education was provided to children in Arabic, Persian, Sindhi, and Urdu languages in this Islamic school. Madrassa Halimia was established by Main Abdul Halim Mekan in 1955 AD in the opposite of the shrine of Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan in Shahdadkot. In 1967, Madrassa Mazhar-ul-Islam was founded in Hirabad, Shahdadkot. Later on, Madrassa Arabia Halimia Dargah Sharif Shahdadkot was founded by Mian Taj Muhammad Mekan in 1979. On the other hand Main Ghulam Siddique Mekan Shopping Centre was founded by Sirai Sikander Hayat Khan Khuhawar, Chairman Muncipal Committee Shahdadkot in 1982. It has 41 shops on Shahdadkot-Qubo Saeed Khan Road. Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan annualy visited the holy shrine of Hazrat Qalander Lal Shahbaz in Sehwan, Sindh

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References

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1876 Pages 769-770). • The Musalman Races found in Sind, Baluchistan and Afghanistan, by Sheikh Sadik Ali Sher Ali Ansari, First

published in 1901, Reprint 1996, Indus Publications Karachi, Pages 89, 91 & 94. • Tareekh-e-Balochistan by Rai Bahadur Haturam, 1907, Page 317. • Glossary of the tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province by Ebbetson, Maclagan, first

published in 1911, 1914 & 1919, Reprint by J.J.Jetley Delhi, 1990, Page 79). • Life and Work of Mohan Lal Kashmiri: 1812-1877, by Hari Ram Gupta, MA, PhD, Lahore 1943, Page 123. • Quarterly Mehran, Published by Sindhi Adabi Board, Jamshoro, 1958. • Monthly Fayooziat e Siddiquia, Shahdadkot, March April 1960. • Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan Joon Islami aen Ilmi Adbi Khidmatoon (Monograph): MA. Sindhi Litearture submitted

by Faiz Muhammad Soomro to University of Sindh Jamshoro, 1965. • Anwarat e Siddiquia, Shahdadkot, 1972. • Lalchand Majrooh Ji Shaeri (Monograph): MA Sindhi Literature submitted by Fehmida Naz Mughal to University of

Sindh Jamshoro, 1974. • Mian Ghulam Siddique Mekan (Monograph): B.Ed Project submitted by Mian Ahmed Din Mekan to Islamia College

Sukkur, 1981. • Monthly Shariat, Suukur, Vol: 9, Issue1-4, October 1981. • Azeem Sindhi Insan by DR. Memon Abdul Ghafoor Sindhi, Modern Book Store Larkana, 1981. • Education in Sindh: (PhD Thesis) by Dr. Habibullah Siddiqui, Published by Institute of Sindhology, University of Sindh

Jamshoro, 1987. • Shadab e Shahdadkot by Muhammad ASlam Sheikh, Muhammad ASlam Sheikh Academy Shahdadkot, 1992. • Shahdadkot Ja Kalamkar aen Shaer by Syed Gul Muhammad Shah, Published by Shahdadkot Ilmi Adabi Tanzeem

Shahdadkot, 1999. • Monthly Shariat Sukkur, Allama Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi, Sukkur, March April 2004. • Tazqira Mashaheer-e-Sindh by Maulana Din Muhammad Wafai, Vol-II & III, Published by Sindhi Adabi Board,

Hyderabad/Jamshoro, Sindh, 2005, Page 142. • Tazkira Mashaheer e Sindh (Vol: 2/3) by Maulana Din Muhammad Wafai, Published by Sindhi Adabi Board Jamshoro

2005. • Sawaneh Hayat Nawab Sir Ghaibi Khan Chandio by Khalifo Abdul Hameed Khan Chandio, Published by New Fields

publication Kandiaro, 2006. • Sindh Ja Islami Darsgah by Dr. Muhammad Juman Talpur, Published by Sindhi Sahat Ghar Hyderabad, 2007. • The Baloch and Balochistan: By Naseer Dashti, United States of America, 2012, Page 236

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