1. Stormy Weather and Stormwater Impacts: Keeping Michigan Clean and Green A Report from the Center for Water Sciences 2009 Water Fellows Workshop Series on Stormwater Editors: ErinA.Dreelin,PhDAssociateDirector,CenterforWaterSciencesRachelM.McNinch,M.S.ResearchAssistant,CenterforWaterSciencesJoanB.Rose,PhD HomerNowlinChairinWaterResearch

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AcknowledgementsThisworkshopseriesandreportweredevelopedwithsupportfromMichiganStateUniversity;theCenterforWaterSciences,theHomerNowlinChairinWaterResearchandthetimeandeffortsoftheExecutiveSteeringCommitteeandWaterFellows.Inaddition,Ms.JanUrbanLurain,PresidentofSpectraDataandResearch,Inc.,providedconsultingonthedevelopmentoftheworkshopseriesandfacilitationduringtheworkshops.WewouldliketothankthestaffattheJamesB.HenryCenterforExecutiveDevelopmentinLansing,Michiganforprovidingaproductiveenvironmentfortheworkshops.ThankyoutoStacieAuvenshine,AngelaCoulliette,KyleEnger,ThengThengFong,RebeccaIves,MustafaMazher,DevinMcLennan,ShikhaSingh,SangeethaSrinivasan,BenSchmidtt,MarcVerhougstraete,andChristopherWendtfortakingnotestocapturethediscussionoftheWaterFellowsattheworkshops.Thankyoualsotoourspeakers:RogerBannerman,WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResourcesDavidDrullinger,MichiganDepartmentofEnvironmentalQualityDavidEasterling,NationalClimaticDataCenterStuartEchols,PennsylvaniaStateUniversityLaureFowler,UniversityofGeorgiaWilliamHunt,NorthCarolinaStateUniversityPatrickJudd,ConservationDesignForumInc.AmyMangus,SoutheasternMichiganCouncilofGovernmentsAlanSteinman,GrandValleyStateUniversityAlanVicory,OhioRiverValleySanitationCommission(ORSANCO)WaterFellowsandExecutiveSteeringCommitteeTheviewsexpressedinthisreportarethesoleviewsoftheparticipantsandthisreportisbynomeansmeanttobeviewedasacomprehensiveorconsensusdocument,butasareportonthediscussionsduringtheworkshops.TheWaterFellowsparticipatedintheworkshopseriesasindividuals.ThisdocumentdoesnotreflecttheviewsoftheWaterFellowsrespectiveorganizationsnordoesitimplyanyendorsementbythoseorganizations.ThefollowingindividualsservedasWaterFellowsforthisworkshopseries: WilliamByl,KentCountyDrainCommissionDonCarpenter,LawrenceTechnologicalUniversity,CivilEngineeringBrianCenci,Fitzgerald,Henne&AssociatesTimCullen,OccupationalSafety&EnvironmentalHealthUniversityofMichiganMichelleCrook,MichiganDepartmentofAgricultureEnvironmentalStewardshipDivisionJohnDaher,LansingCharterTownshipScottDierks,JFNewSandraDiorka,DelhiCharterTownshipTroyFeltman,BathCharterTownshipSteveFrank,MichiganStateUniversityLandscapeServicesTerryGibb,MacombCountyExtensionShannonGibbRandal,InSiteDesignStudio,Inc.MikeGregg,MichiganDepartmentofAgriculturei 3. JerryHancock,AnnArborStormwaterandFloodplainProgramsCoordinatorPhilHanses,ClintonCountyDrainCommissionAaronHarris,MichiganConcreteAssociationKarlHausler,MichiganDepartmentofAgricultureJamesHegarty,Prein&NewhofRitaJack,SierraClubMichiganChapterDeanJohnson,CityofLansingWaltKulasa,DeltaCharterTownshipChristineKosmowski,CityofBattleCreekPatLindemann,InghamCountyDrainCommissionPaulMacNellis,WesternMichiganUniversityRonOverton,WatertownCharterTownshipDawnReinhold,MichiganStateUniversityBiosystems&AgriculturalEngineeringRalphReznick,MichiganDepartmentofEnvironmentalQualityJimRidgway,EnvironmentalConsulting&Technology,Inc.LauraRubin,HuronRiverWatershedCouncilClaireSchwartz,FTC&HPaulSeelbach,MichiganDepartmentofNaturalResourcesRaySevery,MeridianCharterTownshipLynneSeymour,MacombCountyPublicWorksOfficeStephenShine,MichiganDepartmentofAgricultureToddSneathen,CityofEastLansingLisaSt.Clair,InghamCountyHealthDepartmentRobertThorsen,MichiganCouncilofTroutUnlimitedJeffVanBelle,KalamazooCountyDrainCommissionDougVettraino,DeWittPublicSchoolsMollyWade,CityofAnnArborDavidWilbur,MichiganStateUniversityEngineering&ArchitecturalServicesThefollowingSteeringCommitteemembersorganizedtheworkshopseriesandcontributedtothereportoftheWaterFellows:JanisBobrin,WashtenawCountyWaterResourcesCommissionerErinCampbell,TriCountyRegionalPlanningCommissionErinDreelin,MichiganStateUniversityCenterforWaterSciencesRuthKlineRobach,MSUInstituteofWaterResearchTomNewhof,Prein&NewhofJeffReicherts,KalamazooCountyHealthandCommunityServicesDepartmentJoanB.Rose,HomerNowlinChairinWaterResearchJoanneWestphal,MichiganStateUniversitySchoolofPlanning,Design,andConstructionAllworkshopmaterials,includingwhitepapersbythespeakersandwebcastsofthepublicseminars,areavailableonlineathttp://www.cws.msu.edu/stormwater.htm.CoverimagesfromArtfulRainwaterDesign(http://www.artfulrainwaterdesign.net),AtelierDreiseitlWaterscapes(http://www.dreiseitl.de/index.php?id=526&lang=en&choice=4&ansicht=bild2),http://photo.bbtoff.com/1600X1200/divers/00660_splash_1280x1024.jpg,andRachelMcNinch.ii 4. Table of ContentsTable of Contents........................................................................................................................... iiiThe Workshops Bottom Line ........................................................................................................ 1Summary of Recommendations...................................................................................................... 2The Problem of Stormwater............................................................................................................ 3Overview: Purpose and Major Themes........................................................................................... 5The Workshop Series...................................................................................................................... 9Summary of the Workshops.......................................................................................................... 10Michigan Stormwater Learning Community ................................................................................ 17References..................................................................................................................................... 19Appendices.................................................................................................................................... 21Appendix A. Resource Guide for Governments and Stormwater Management Professionals .... 22Appendix B. Stormwater Resources for the Public ...................................................................... 33iii 5. The Workshops Bottom LineStormwaterrunoff,thewaterflowingoverlandfromrainandsnowmelt,caneitherbeasourceofpollutionoranopportunityforinnovation.Unfortunately,itiscommonlyasourceofpollution.Stormwaterrunoff,inbothurbanandagriculturalenvironments,canwashpollutantssuchasnutrients,pathogens,metals,andtoxinsoffthesurfaceofthelandandintowater.AccordingtotheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),thisistheleadingcauseofwaterqualityproblemsintheUnitedStatestoday.Wetypicallydealwithstormwater Stormwater flowsbytryingtogetitoffourpropertydirectly to waterbodiesasquicklyaspossible.Our without treatment.communitieshavebuiltgutters,drains,andstormsewerstocollectandconveystormwaterofftheland.Wheredoesitgo?Intoour Photo: Rachel McNinchrivers,lakesandstreamsallwithoutanypriortreatment.However,thereisanalternative.Stormwatercanbeviewedasa Photo: Michael Wagnerresource,ratherthanaswastetobediscardedasquicklyaspossible.Bymanagingstormwateronsite,manynegativeimpactscanbeavoided.ApproachessuchasLowImpactDevelopment(LID)canbeusedtoreducetheamountofstormwatergeneratedatasiteandtoimprovethewaterqualityoftherunoff.Therearealsoopportunitiesforcollectingandreusingstormwaterandtocreateartfuldesignsthatturnstormwaterrunoffintoanamenity.Thisalternativejusttakesashiftinhowwethinkaboutanddealwithstormwater.Theworkshopparticipants(WaterFellows)inthisWaterFellowsSerieshavecreatedaplanforimprovingMichigansapproachtostormwatermanagement.TheworkshopsbroughttogetherleadingnationalscientistsandpractitionerswithrepresentativesfromMichigansmanywaterstakeholdersingovernment,industry,agriculture,environmentaladvocacy,andhighereducation.The recommendations summarized below outline the Water Fellows plan. More details aboutthe science behind the recommendations and the workshops themselves comprise the rest of thereport.1 6. Summary of RecommendationsGovernment:governmentsresponsibleforstormwatermanagement,includingmunicipalseparatestormsewersystem(MS4s), EncourageadoptionandimplementationofLowImpactDevelopment(LID).LocalgovernmentscanrequireLIDapproachesthroughlocalordinancesandcodes.Inaddition,theycanencourageLIDthroughincentivesfordevelopers,usingLIDinlocalgovernmentprojects,sharinginformationaboutLIDprojects,andconductingeducationandoutreachcampaignsforstormwater. Establishastormwaterutilitytofundstormwaterprojects.Stormwaterutilitiesareusedacrossthecountrytofundstormwaterprograms.ThestormwaterutilityinAnnArborcanserveasamodelforotherlocalgovernmentsacrossthestate. RequireinspectionandmaintenanceofstormwaterBestManagementPractices(BMPs).ProperinstallationandmaintenanceiscriticalforeffectiveBMPS. Useawatershedbasedapproach.WaterFellowsrecommendthatlocalgovernmentsworkonthesestormwaterandwaterplanningissuesonawatershedscale.Professionals:governmentstaff,engineers,consultants,landscapers,etc. IncorporateLIDapproachesindesign.UseLIDtechniquesinsteadoforinconjunctionwithtraditionalstormwatermanagementapproaches(pipeandpond)whendesigningsites. ShareinformationaboutLIDprojects.Informationaboutdesigns,costs,performance,andmaintenancearevaluabletoothersworkinginthestormwaterarena.Documentcasestudiesandshareinformationsothatotherscanlearnfromcurrentprojects. Treatstormwaterasaresource,notasawasteproduct.Duringdesign,thinkofhowstormwatercanbeusedonsiteandtheamenitiesthatcanbecreatedwithartfulstormwaterdesign.Public:homeowners,schoolchildren,thegeneralpublic Takeresponsibilityforrunoff.IncorporateaLIDstrategyonyourproperty(buildaraingarden,redirectdownspouts,useacistern,etc.). Takechargeworktomakeimprovementsinyourcommunity.Participateinlocalgovernmentbyvolunteeringandservingonlocalcommitteesandcommissionssuchastheplanningcommission,naturalresourcescommittee,etc. Participateinstormwatereducationandstewardshipactivities.Localgovernments,schools,andorganizationsacrossthestaterunstormwateroutreachcampaigns.Citizenscanparticipateinlocaleventssuchasstreamcleanups,stormdrainlabeling,andconstructingraingardens. 2 7. The Problem of StormwaterAccordingtotheUSEPA,stormwaterrunoffistheleadingcauseofwaterqualityimpairmentintheUnitedStates.Urbanstormwaterrunoffoccurswhenrainorsnowmeltflowsoverimpervioussurfaces,suchasbuildings,roads,driveways,sidewalks,andcompactedsoils.Alongitsway,stormwaterpicksupdebris,chemicals,bacteria,andotherpollutantsandcarriesthemdirectlytorivers,lakesandstreams.Pollutedstormwaterrunoffcanhavemanyadverseimpactsonplants,animals,andhumans.Forexample,mostwaterbornediseaseoutbreaksintheUnitedStatesareassociatedwithlargestormevents.Impervioussurfacesareakeycomponentofthestormwaterproblem.Impervioussurfacespreventprecipitationfromnaturallyinfiltratingintothesoiland,asaresult,precipitationfallingonthesesurfacesincreasesstormwaterrunoff.Manystudieshaveexaminedtherelationshipbetweenimpervioussurfaceareainawatershedandbiologicalindicatorsofriverandstreamhealth.Fromthesestudieswehavelearnedthatastheamountofimperviousareainawatershedincreases,thebiologicalintegrityofriversandstreamsdeclines.ThispatternisfoundacrosstheUnitedStateswithavarietyofaquaticorganismsusedasenvironmentalhealthindicators,fromfishtoaquaticinsects.Westarttoseenegativeimpactsonaquaticecosystemswhen10%ofawatershediscoveredinimpervioussurfacesandoncethelevelofimpervioussurfaceareareaches25%,stormwaterimpactsseemunavoidable.Photo: Erin Dreelin Parking lots are just one example of an impervious surface that does not allow water to infiltrate into the soil.3 8. Whatarethenegativeimpactsofstormwater?Urbanizationandincreasedimpervioussurfaceareacausechangesinnaturalwaterflowpatternsthataffectallaspectsofaquaticecosystems.Thefrequency,magnitudeandvolumeofwaterincreasebecausemoreprecipitationisdeliveredtoriversandstreamsviasurfacerunofffromstorms.Channelsbecomemoreunstableandbegintoerode.Waterqualitydeclinesduetothepollutants,suchasnutrients,metals,andpathogensthatarecarriedtostreamsinthestormwaterrunoff.Thechangesinwaterqualityandstreamhabitatresultindeclinesinmacroinvertebrateandfishcommunities.Thus,stormwaterrunoffhasthepotentialtonegativelyimpactthephysical,chemicalandbiologicalfeaturesofaquaticecosystems.Inwhichcase,theseurbanwaterbodiesarenolongerabletoprovidecriticalecosystemservicessuchaswaterpurification,wasteassimilation,floodcontrolandmaintenanceofbiodiversity. Whathasbeendonetoaddresstheseimpacts?Inthepast, stormwatermanagementfocusedonfloodpreventionand control.Managementfocusedondecreasingpeakrunoff ratesandmovingwateroffpropertyasquicklyaspossible. However,thismeantthatstormwater,andthepollutantsit Photo: Erin Dreelin carries,movedmorequicklyfromlandtorivers,lakesand streams.AlteringthenaturalwayinwhichwatermovesStormwater runs over anasphalt parking lot, picking throughthelandscapeisamajorreasonforthenegativeup pollutants along the way. impactsduetostormwater.Recentmanagementapproachesfocusontryingtomimicmorenaturalflowpatternsinthebuiltenvironment.LowImpactDevelopment(LID)isonemanagementapproachbasedontheprincipleofusingandmimickingnaturalhydrologicpatterns.LIDseekstomanagerainfallatthesourceusingdistributed,decentralizedsmallscalecontrols.ThegoalofLIDistomimicasitespredevelopmenthydrologybyusingdesigntechniquesandbestmanagementpractices(BMPs)thatinfiltrate,filter,store,evaporate,anddetainrunoffclosetoitssource.Thisapproachisalsobasedonthepremisethatstormwaterisnotwaste.Insteadofcollectingandconveyingstormwatertolarge,costly,endofpipefacilitiessuchasdetentionponds,LIDmanagesstormwaterthroughsmall,costeffectivelandscapefeaturesonsite.Suchlandscapefeaturesincluderaingardens,bioretentioncells,swales,andporouspavements.4 9. Overview: Purpose and Major ThemesTheStormwaterWorkshopSerieswasdesignedtobringtogethernationallyrenownedstormwaterexpertsandindividuals(WaterFellows)whohaveaninterestandstakeinthefutureofwaterresourcesintheStateofMichigan.Thegoalofthe2009workshopserieswastolearnabouttheimpactsofstormwateronMichiganswaterresourcesandtoexplorepotentialsolutions.Severalmajorthemesemergedduringtheworkshops: StormwatermanagementinMichiganshouldfocusonsourcecontrolandreducingtheamountofstormwaterrunoffgeneratedatasite.TraditionalapproachestomanagingstormwaterinMichiganfocusonreducingpeakflows.However,thisapproachdoesnotaddressanyofthenegativeimpactscausedbytheincreaseinvolumeofstormwater.Newapproachestostormwatermanagement,suchasLID,focusonsourcecontrol.Sourcecontrolusesonsitetechniquesnearthesourceofstormwatertoreduceandmanagestormwaterquantityandimprovewaterquality. Fundingstormwatermanagementprogramsisachallengefacedbymanylocalgovernmentsandthestateneedstofindmechanismstoprovidededicatedfundingforlocalgovernmentstormwaterprograms.TherearecurrentlylegalconstraintswhichneedtobeovercomeinthestateofMichigantoappropriatelyfundstormwaterprograms.Optionsincludebutarenotlimitedtostormwaterutilities,grants,dedicatedfundingthroughuserfeesandbonding. MichiganshouldencourageLIDinplanningandpractice.BothlocalcommunitiesandthestateneedtoexamineregulationsandincentivestoimplementLIDinexistingandnewdevelopment. Stormwatermanagementneedstorecognizeandaddressclimatechange.Thecurrentdesignsforstormwaterinfrastructurehavebeenbasedonhistoricalprecipitationandflowdata.However,duetoclimatechange,futureconditionscannotbeadequatelypredictedbasedontheserecords.FuturestormwatermanagementneedstoAll workshop materialsrecognizethatclimatechangewillalterare available online at http://www.cws.msu.edu/precipitationandflowpatterns.Wewillneedtostormwater.htmplanforadaptive,resilientstormwaterinfrastructure. Thestateneedstoimproveandexpandeducationprogramsforwatershedmanagement,includingstormwater,andincorporatethemintothestatebenchmarks.Thereisaneedtoteachchildrenaboutwatershedsandincorporatewatershedmanagement,includingstormwaterissues,intoschoolcurricula(K12anduniversity)andthestatestandards.Thereisalsoaneedtobroadentraining5 10. atalllevelsandexamineinterdisciplinaryapproachestoeducationthatincludemultipleaudiences.Inaddition,localgovernments,professionalsandcommunitiesshoulduse,partnerwith,andactivelyengagewithuniversities.ManyofthesegroupswouldalsobenefitfromhavingaccesstoeducationaltoolsforadvocatinginnovativestormwatermanagementapproachessuchasLID. LocalgovernmentsandprofessionalsneedonedefinitiveMichiganspecificsourceofeasilyaccessibleinformationonstormwatermanagement.Therearethousandsofwebsitesthatcontainstormwaterinformation,whichmakesfindingrelevantinformationachallenge.ThestatewouldbenefitfromcreatingasinglecrediblewebsitethatisinteractiveandprovidesuptodateinformationonresourcesforstormwatermanagementinMichigan.What Was Discussed at the Workshops?ThespeakersandWaterFellowsdiscussedsixtopicsattheworkshops: Climatechange,stormwaterandMichigan Stormwaterassessmentandmonitoring GovernanceStructures:AnExamplefromtheOhioRiverSanitationCommission EcosystemImpactsandApproaches GreenBestManagementPracticesandLowImpactDevelopment GettingCreativewithStormwater:ArtfulRainwaterDesignAllmaterialsfromtheworkshops,includingwebcastsofthepublicseminar,whitepapers,andpresentations,areavailableonlinefromtheCenterforWaterSciencesatMichiganStateUniversity(http://www.cws.msu.edu/stormwater.htm).Assessment of Status & Needs: Where are we now?ManycommunitiesacrossMichiganarenowfacedwithstormwaterissuesandalthoughmanycommunitiesrecognizetheneedtomanagestormwater,addressingtheproblemischallengingbecauseofseveralcriticalknowledgegaps: LocalgovernmentsinMichiganlackfinancialmechanismstosupportlocalstormwaterprograms.ManycommunitiesacrosstheUSfinancetheirstormwaterprogramsthroughstormwaterutilities;however,becauseoftheBoltdecision(Boltv.CityofLansing,459Mich152,1998;seetextbox)creatingastormwaterutilityinMichigancanbeachallenge.CasestudiesareneededtodemonstratehowcommunitiesinMichigancancreatetheirownfundingmechanisms. Michiganlacksinformationonhowtoeffectivelyimplementnewapproachestostormwatermanagement,includingLID.Althoughinformationonstormwatermanagementtechniquesisavailableandthestatehasdevelopeda 6 11. LIDmanual,thereisstillaknowledgegapwhenitcomes Stormwater Utilities in Michigantoactualontheground Astormwaterutilityfeeissimilartowaterandsewer fees;peoplepayfortheserviceofhavingstormwaterimplementationofLIDand removedfromtheirproperty.Stormwaterutilitiesarewhatpoliciesneedtobeusedtofundlocalgovernmentstormwateradoptedand/orrevisedto managementprograms.However,inBoltv.Cityof Lansing,theMichiganSupremeCourtruledthatencourageimplementation. LansingsstormwaterutilityfeeswereataxbecauseofEffectiveimplementationhowthefeeswerestructuredandbecausethefeeswereincludesensuringcorrect beingusedtopayforcapitalinvestmentsandservices. Asaresult,localgovernmentsinMichiganhavenotinstallation,maintenance,pursuedcreatingstormwaterutilities.Atthetimethisinspectionsandincorporating reportwasprepared,legislationwaspendinginthedynamicandevolvingMichiganSenate(SB0256)thatwouldallowalocalunit ofgovernmenttoadoptastormwaterutilityordinanceinformationregarding providingforastormwatersystemdevelopmenttechniquesandBMPs.Michigan chargeand/orastormwaterutilityfeeonrealpropertyalsodoesnothavealongtermtofinanceastormwatermanagementprogram.This wouldeasethewayforlocalgovernmentstocreatehistoryimplementingLID,sostormwaterutilities.thereisanexperiencegap. Thereisalackofeffectivestormwatereducationalprogramsatmultiplelevels.Fromprimaryschoolstouniversities,stormwaterisnotcurrentlybroadlyintegratedintothecurriculum.Also,MichigancurrentlylackscertificationprogramsforBMPinstallationandmaintenance.StormwatershouldbepartofsciencecurriculuminK12education.Stormwaterscience,researchandeducationatouruniversitiesneedtobesupportedandadvancedacrossmultipledisciplines.InadditionacertificationandrecertificationprogramshouldbedevelopedtoeffectivelytrainthosewhoinstallandmaintainBMPs.Framework for the FutureGiventhechallengesindealingwithstormwater,theWaterFellowsrecommendcreatinganonlineMichiganStormwaterLearningCommunitywebsiteasameanstoprovidethetechnicalassistanceneededtomovestormwatermanagementinMichiganforward.Thesitewouldserveasacentralhubforstormwaterinformationandnetworking.TheLearningCommunitywouldmeetseveralidentifiedneedsbyprovidingasingle,userfriendlysourceofstormwaterinformationforMichigan;creatinganinteractivesitewhereuserscanproviderankings,comments,andfeedbackontheinformationonthesite;andprovidingavenueforcommunicationandnetworking.WediscusstheLearningCommunityideainmoredetailintheMichiganStormwaterLearningCommunitysectionofthisreport.7 12. InadditiontothecreationofaLearningCommunitywebsite,theWaterFellowsdevelopedrecommendationsforseveraltargetaudiences:government,stormwaterprofessionals,andthepublic.Duringthecourseoftheworkshopseries,severaladditionalrecommendationsunrelatedtothesecategoriesalsoaroseandwehaveincludedthemundertheothercategory.Followingarethemainrecommendationsforeachtargetaudience:Government: OfferincentivesfordeveloperstouseLID Establishastormwaterutilitytofundstormwaterprojects AdoptapostconstructionstormwaterordinancethatpromotesLID DosmallLIDprojectstodemonstratesuccess ShareinformationaboutLIDprojects(designs,costs,maintenance)and documentcasestudies RequireinspectionsandmaintenanceofBMPs Createeffectiveeducationandoutreachcampaignsregardinglanddevelopment andbehaviorstoreducestormwaterpollutiono Inmessagestothepublic,whereapplicable:linkstormwaterwithgreen economyandqualityoflifeissuesProfessionals: IncorporateLIDapproachesindesign ShareinformationaboutLIDprojects(designs,costs,performance,maintenance)anddocumentcasestudies Treatstormwaterasaresource,notasawasteproduct,andthinkofamenitiesthatcanbecreatedwithartfulstormwaterdesign.Public: Takeresponsibilityforrunoffonyourproperty IncorporateanLIDstrategyonyourproperty(buildaraingarden,redirectdownspouts,useacistern,etc.) LearnaboutstormwaterbyparticipatinginlocalstormwateractivitiesOther: Createacertificationprogramforinstallationandmaintenance CreateacentralhubforstormwaterandLIDinformation8 13. The Workshop SeriesParticipantsTheSteeringCommittee,whoorganizedtheworkshopseries,invitedindividualsfromacrossMichigantoparticipateasWaterFellows.TheWaterFellowsareagroupofcitizensfromMichiganwhorepresentdiversebackgroundsincludinggovernment,industry,agriculture,academia,andenvironmentalorganizationsandhaveaninterestinwaterresourcesinMichigan.Structure of the WorkshopsTheworkshopsfeaturednationallyrecognizedscientistsandprofessionalswhoareexpertsinsubjectsregardingstormwater.Theseexpertsgavepubliclecturesthatintroducedthelatestscientificknowledgeandcuttingedgetechnologiestoaddressproblemsinvolvingstormwater.Theworkshopspeakersalsoeachwroteawhitepaperontheirrespectivetopicsfortheseries.Afterthepubliclecturesbythespeaker,theWaterFellowsandspeaker(s)discussedthetopicofthedayinafacilitatedinteractivesession.Therewereseveralguidingquestionsusedtodirecttheinteractivediscussionsessionsatalloftheworkshops.Theguidingquestionsfellintothreecategories:basicscienceandknowledge,approachesforaddressingstormwater,andpolicyquestions. Basicscience&knowledge o Whataretheimpactsofstormwaterrunoffonwaterresources? Ecosystems?Humanhealth? o Whatbestmanagementpracticescanbeusedtomanagestormwater? o Howeffectivearethosebestmanagementpractices? Approaches o Whataresuccessfultechniquesforpreventingstormwaterimpacts? o WhatarepotentialsolutionsthatwouldworkinMichigan? o Howcanwedesignlandscapesthatmeethumanneedswhileminimizing stormwaterrunoff? Policy o Whatarethecostsandfinancialincentivesassociatedwithstormwater management? o Whatinformationdoesthestate,localgovernmentandprofessionalsneed toaddressthestormwaterissuesuccessfully? o Whatincentivesareneededtoencouragenovelapproachestostormwater management,suchasLowImpactDevelopment?Theseguidingquestionswerediscussedatalloftheworkshopsinadditiontospecificquestionsaboutthetopicoftheday.9 14. Summary of the WorkshopsAllmaterialsfromtheworkshopsareavailableonlineathttp://www.cws.msu.edu/stormwater.htm.Thematerialsincludewebcastsofthepublicseminar,slidesfromthepresentations,whitepapersbythespeakers,linkstoresources,andallproductsfromtheseries.Belowweprovideabriefsummaryofthesixworkshops.1. Climate Change, Stormwater and MichiganDr.AlanSteinman,DirectorofGrandValleyStatesAnnisWaterResearchInstitutebegantheworkshopserieswithanoverviewofstormwaterissuesinMichigan.Liketherestofthecountry,manystreamsandriversinMichiganareexperiencingtheurbanstreamsyndromeduetostormwaterimpacts(Table1).Thissyndromeistypicalofwaterbodiesinurbanareaswithhighamountsofimperviouscover.Dr.SteinmanalsopresentedinformationontherelationshipbetweenstormwaterandclimatechangeinMichigan.Hespokeaboutseveralstudiesthathaveexaminedpotentialimpacts.ClimatemodelprojectionsforthesouthernWisconsinregionshowthatextremehighprecipitationeventswillbecome10to40%stronger(Patzetal.2008).IntheGreatLakesregion,precipitationeventsofgreaterthan2to2.5in(56cm)oftenresultinstormwaterdischargeofcontaminantsintowaterbodies(McLellanetal.2007).TheanalysisbyPatzetal.(2008)revealedthatthefrequencyofeventsexceedingthe2 10 15. to2.5inthresholdisanticipatedtoincreaseby50to120%bytheendofthe21stcentury.Theyconcludedthatwithoutimprovementstoourwasteandstormwaterinfrastructure,theseextremeeventsmayoverwhelmthecombinedsewersystemsandleadtooverfloweventsthatthreatenhumanhealthandtherecreationalbasedeconomyintheregion.Climatechangeisnotonlyanissueforthestate,butiscurrentlyoneofthemostvigorouslydebatedtopicsonEarth(Easterling2009).TheNationalEnvironmentalSatellite,Data,andInformationService(NESDIS)datacentersarecentraltoansweringsomeofthemostpressingglobalclimatechangequestionsthatremainunresolved.WewereprivilegedtohaveDr.DavidEasterlingoftheNationalClimaticDataCenterpresentthelatestclimatechangeinformationattheworkshopseries.Dr.Easterlingprovidedanoverviewofknownobservationsandprojectionsaboutclimatechange.TheobservedandprojectedchangesduetoclimatechangeandpotentialimpactsfortheMidwesternUSaresummarizedinTable2.2. Stormwater Assessment and MonitoringMr.RogerBannerman,fromtheWisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources,providedexamplesfromWisconsinonmonitoringstormwaterimpacts,theeffectivenessofBMPs,andoverallapproachtostormwaterinWisconsin.StormwatermanagementinWisconsinfocusesonseveralimportantresourcemanagementquestions: Whatarethedesignatedusesforthewaterbodyofinterest? Arethedesignatedusesbeingachieved? Whatpollutantsorfactors(suchasflow)areimpactingtheresource? Photo: Michael Wagner Whatarethepollutantreductiongoals?Monitoring is an important part of assessingpollutants impacting water resources and Whatarethesourcesofthepollutants?effectiveness of management. The vial on the Whatarethemostcosteffectiveleft was collected at an asphalt parking lot, thevial on the right was collected at a parking lottreatmentpractices?constructed with porous pavement. Whatareweachieving?Mr.BannermandiscussedmultipleexamplesofstormwaterprojectsacrossWisconsin.Theseexamplesdemonstratethatinfiltrationpractices,suchasraingardensandbioretentionareas,canbeeffectiveintheGreatLakesregion.Thesepracticeshavethepotentialtoreducestormwatervolumeandpeakrunoffratesaswellaspollutantloadsinrunoff.11 16. Table 2. Summary of observed and projected changes and impacts on water resources in the Midwestern UnitedStates (OH, MI, IN, IL, WI, MN, IA, MO) due to climate change (from Karl et al. 2009)ObservedChangesin ClimateChangeProjections2 ClimateChangeImpacts Climate1Anoticeableincreaseinaverage Heatwaveswillbecomemorefrequent,moresevere,andDuringthesummer,publictemperaturesintheMidwestlongerlastinghealthandqualityoflife,hasbeenobserved,despitetheespeciallyincities,willbeWaterbornediseaseswillpresentanincreasingrisktostrongyeartoyearvariations. negativelyaffectedbyincreasingpublichealthbecausemanypathogensthriveinwarmer heatwaves,reducedairquality,Thelengthofthefrostfreeorconditions. andinsectandwaterbornegrowingseasonhasbeenHighertemperatureswillmeanmoreevaporationanddiseases.Inthewinter,warmingextendedbymorethanonethereforealikelyreductionintheGreatLakeswaterlevels. willhavemixedimpacts.week,mainlyduetoearlierReducedlakeiceincreasesevaporationinwinter,datesforthelastspringfrost.SignificantreductionsinGreatcontributingtothedecline.Lakelevelsprojectedtofall Lakeswaterlevels,whichareHeavydownpoursarenowbetween1and2feet projectedunderhighertwiceasfrequentastheywereaPrecipitationisprojectedtoincreaseinwinterandspring,emissionsscenarios,leadtocenturyago.andtobecomemoreintensethroughouttheyear. impactsonshipping,Bothsummerandwinterinfrastructure,beaches,andInthesummer,withincreasingevaporationratesandecosystems.precipitationhavebeenabovelongerperiodsbetweenrainfalls,thelikelihoodofdroughtaverageforthelastthreewillincreaseandwaterlevelsinrivers,streams,andThelikelyincreaseindecades,thewettestperiodinawetlandsarelikelytodecline. precipitationinwinterandcentury. spring,moreheavydownpours,Reducedsummerwaterlevelsarealsolikelytoreducethe andgreaterevaporationinDecreaseinlakeice,includingrechargeofgroundwater,causesmallstreamstodryupsummerwouldleadtomoreontheGreatLakes.(reducingnativefishpopulations),andreducetheareaofperiodsofbothfloodsandwaterSincethe1980s,largeheatwetlandsintheMidwest.deficits.waveshavebeenmorefrequentTheprojectedincreaseinwinterandspringprecipitation WhilethelongergrowingintheMidwestthananytimeinandfloodingislikelytodelayplantingandcrop seasonprovidesthepotentialforthelastcentury,establishment.increasedcropyields,increasesinheatwaves,floods,droughts,Diseasecausingpathogens,insectpests,andweeds(includinginvasiveweeds)projectedtoincrease. insects,andweedswillpresent increasingchallengestoPlantwinterhardinesszones(eachzonerepresentsa10F managingcrops,livestock,andchangeinminimumtemperature)intheMidwestarelikelyforests.toshiftonehalftoonefullzoneaboutevery30years. NativespeciesareverylikelytoInsomelakes,increasesinairandwatertemperaturewillfaceincreasingthreatsfromleadtoanearlierandlongerperiodinsummerduring rapidlychangingclimatewhichmixingoftherelativelywarmsurfacelakewaterconditions,pests,diseases,andwiththecolderwaterbelowisreduced. invasivespeciesmovinginfrom Allmajorgroupsofanimals,includingbirds,mammals, warmerregions. amphibians,reptiles,andinsects,willbeaffectedby impactsonlocalpopulations,andbycompetitionfrom otherspeciesmovingintotheMidwestregion.1Since1970sunlessotherwisestated2Underhighemissionsscenario12 17. 3. Governance Structures: An Example from ORSANCOMr.AlanVicory,ExecutiveDirectorandChiefEngineeroftheOhioRiverValleyWaterSanitationCommission(ORSANCO),discussedORSANCOasamodelforregionalgovernanceofwaterresources.ORSANCOwascreatedbyastatecompactamongthestatesofIllinois,Indiana,Kentucky,NewYork,Ohio,Pennsylvania,VirginiaandWestVirginiatoaddressinterstatepollutionproblemsalongtheOhioRiver.ORSANCOsprincipalauthoritiesareto: Studythepollutionproblemsofthe OhioValleydrainagewithinthe signatorystates(termedtheOhio RiverValleyWaterSanitation District)andreporttothestateson thoseproblems. Recommenduniformstatelegislation aimedateliminatinginterstatewater pollution. Adoptofstandardsoftreatmentfor Photo: Michael Wagner dischargesofpollutiontointerstate This urban stream has been degraded due toincreases in stormwater runoff volume, streams(intheDistrict).frequency and magnitude. Changes in storm Consultwithanypartyorentitywith flows cause a cascade of impacts for streams,from destabilizing channels to declining water regardtopollutionproblemsinthe quality. District. ORSANCOisfundedbythestatesinvolvedandafederalCleanWaterActgrant(Section106),withsupplementaryfundsforspecialprojectsfromavarietyofgrantingsources.ORSANCOdemonstratestheeffectivenessandstrengthsofaregionalauthorityforwatermanagement.Forexample,theCommissionhasestablishedanextensivemonitoringnetworkintheOhioRiverbasinthatprovidescriticaldataformanagementdecisions,hascreatedanearlydetectionsystemforspills,isinvolvedinestablishingstreamcriteria,anddelineationofbestavailabletechnologiesfortreatmentofwastes.ORSANCOisanindependentbutmultijurisdictionalagency.Itrepresentsthestatescollectively,butnostateindividually.Thecommitmentofthememberstothemultijurisdictionalauthorityiscriticalforsuccess.InthecaseofORSANCO,thestateshaveformallycommittedtheircooperationandarethusanswerabletoeachotherinwhattheyareandarenotdoingrelativetothatcommitment.Suchamodelcanbeemployedatanylevelofgovernmentorformultiplelevelsofgovernment.13 18. 4. Ecosystem Impacts and ApproachesThepremiseofMr.DavidDrullingerspresentationwasthatrunoffvolumereduction(orvolumecontrol)alonecanprovidemeasurablereductionofimpactsonreceivingwaters.Volumecontrolholdspromiseacrossavarietyoflanduses,pollutanttypes,andwetweatherevents.Thesuccessofvolumecontroldependsonproofthatitiseffective,economical,andsustainable.Volumecontrolstrategies,suchasbioretentionandotherLIDtechniques,showpromiseforbothurbanandagriculturallanduses.Dr.LaurieFowlerfromtheUniversityofGeorgiasOdumSchoolofEcology,presentedacasestudyfromtheEtowahRiverwatershed.ResearchesandlocalgovernmentsintheEtowahwatershedaredevelopingaHabitatConservationPlan(HCP)undertheEndangeredSpeciesActinordertoprotectthreatenedandendangeredfishspeciesintheEtowahRiveranditstributaries.PartoftheHCPisarunofflimitsprogramthatrequiresnonetincreasesintheamountofstormwatergeneratedatasite(volumeandpeakrunoffrates)inpriorityareasinthewatershed.Inlowerpriorityareas,slightincreasesinstormwaterrunoff,ascomparedtopredevelopmentconditions,areallowed.Therunofflimitsprogramcanbeusedasamodelforotherpartsofthecountry.5. Green Best Management Practices and Low Impact DevelopmentDr.WilliamHunt,NorthCarolinaStateUniversityandMs.AmyMangus,SoutheasternMichiganCouncilofGovernments(SEMCOG)discussedgreenBMPsandLID.Dr.HuntpresentedanoverviewofgreenBMPs,suchasraingardens,bioinfiltration,andporouspavementsthathaveprovedeffectiveinmanypartsofthecountry.Properdesign,installationandmaintenancearecriticalfortheeffectivenessoftheseBMPs.NorthCarolinahasstartedasuccessfultrainingandcertificationprogramforthoseinstallingandmaintainingstormwaterBMPstoensuretheirsuccess.Ms.MangusdiscussedthenewLIDmanual,developedbySEMCOGandpartnersforthestateofMichigan.TheMichiganLIDmanualprovidesdesigninformationonLIDpracticesandmodelordinancesforcommunitiestoadoptinordertoencourageLID.ManyinformationalresourcesforLIDexist;however,thecurrentchallengeisinimplementation,particularlygiventhepooreconomy.AlthoughmanystudieshaveshownthatLIDandwaterprotectionhaveeconomicbenefits,manycommunitiesarehesitanttojumpintoLIDbymandatingitfromdevelopment.InMichigan,LIDimplementationhasevolvedbyintegratingLIDintomunicipalprojectsandslowlyintegratingitthroughoutthecommunity.ProvidingdemonstrationsitesshowsdevelopersandcommunitiesthatcertaintechnologiescanbesuccessfulinMichigan14 19. andmeetregulatoryapproval.Ms.Manguspresented10tipsforimplementingLIDinMichigan: 1. ImplementLIDinlocalgovernmentprojects:leadbyexample 2. Protectsensitiveandspecialvaluefeatures 3. Usenativeplantstovegetateorrevegetateareas 4. Minimizedisturbedareas 5. Reduceimpervioussurfaces 6. Usegoodhousekeepingpractices 7. UpdateplansandpoliciestoincorporateLID 8. DevelopordinancesthatdirectlysupportLIDimplementation 9. Educatethepublic 10. ProvideincentivesThislasttipiscriticalandincentivessuchasallowingforastateincometaxcreditforqualifyingLIDtechniquesandofferingabonussuchasincreasedfloorarea(e.g.,floorarearatio)ifLIDpracticesareusedthataccomplishstormwatermanagementgoalsarepossibilities.GovernmentscouldalsoaccelerateplanreviewsforsiteplansimplementingLIDtechniques,reducefeeschargedtotheapplicant(e.g.,planreviewfees,utilityfees)forsiteplansimplementingLIDtechniques,andofferadensitybonus(e.g.,allowforanadditionallot)todevelopmentsthatimplementLIDpractices. Photo: Erin DreelinA bioinfiltration area in a residential neighborhood captures stormwater.15 20. 6. Getting Creative with Stormwater: Artful Rainwater DesignMr.PatrickJudd,ConservationDesignForumandDr.StuartEchols,PennsylvaniaStateUniversitydiscussedhowstormwatercanbeusedasanamenity.Bothgaveexamplesofsitedesignsthattreatstormwaterasaresource,intermsofwateruseandaesthetics.Thepresentationsdemonstratedthatstormwaterdesigncanaccomplishmultiplegoalsincludingreducingthevolumeandpeakrateofrunoff,reducingpollutantloads,andservingasanamenity.All images from Artful Rainwater Design http://www.artfulrainwaterdesign.net/projectsStormwater management can be artful. Designs can serve multiple purposes, achieving water quality improvementswhile creating enjoyable spaces for people. Images: Drawings from Willow Run Park project; Second from left, TheDell; far right, Growing Vine Project from Artful Rainwater Design.16 21. Michigan Stormwater Learning CommunityTheWaterFellowsrecommendedcreatinganonlinelearningcommunitythroughaninteractivewebsiteforlearningaboutstormwatermanagementinMichigan.Thissitewouldprovideonestopshoppingforstormwaterinformationforthestate.Itwouldbedesignedwiththreetargetaudiencesinmind:localgovernments,stormwaterprofessionals,andthepublic.Thesitewouldproviderecommendationsandresourcestailoredtoeachaudience.Inaddition,itwouldincludemeanstofindcollaboratorsandfundingopportunitiesforstormwaterprojects.IncentivesforparticipatingintheLearningCommunityincludeadvertisingonthesiteaswellashighlightinglocalprojects.Content and StructureThewebsitewouldbeorganizedsimilartotheSustainabilityScienceatMichiganStateUniversitywebsite(http://espp.msu.edu/sustain/index.html).Thehomepageofthesitewouldprovidelinksforthetargetaudiencesaswellaslinkstogodirectlytoasearchforcollaboratorsandfundingopportunities(Figure1).Inordertousethesite,usersmustregisterandprovidetheircontactinformationwhichwillbeusedtoaddthemtothesearchabledatabaseofcollaborators.ClickingononeofthetargetaudiencelinkswouldtakeausertoapagewiththeWaterFellowsrecommendationsforthattargetaudienceaswellaslinkstoresources.Theseresourceswouldincludeguidanceonimplementingtherecommendations,casestudiesfromMichigan,andstormwaterinformationresourcesfromaroundthecountry(seeAppendices).An Interactive ResourceThewebsitewouldallowuserstorateandcommentoninformationpresentedonthesite.TheWaterFellowsenvisionaratingsystemsimilartoreviewsonAmazon.com.Inthisway,userscanquicklysortthroughinformationbasedonwhatothershavefoundmosthelpful.Inaddition,userswillbeabletocommentandsubmitadditionalresources.Thesitemanagerswoulddevelopastandardformatforcasestudiessouserscouldsubmittheirownworkforinclusiononthesiteafterapprovalbythewebsitemanager.Inaddition,thesitewillallowregistereduserstoaskthelearningcommunityquestionsandposechallengestothegroupconcerningdifficultstormwatermanagementsitesorfailuresofBMPs.17 22. Figure 1. Site map for the Michigan Stormwater Learning Community website Home Page Local Professionals PublicFindingFindingGovernmentsFundingCollaboratorsRecommendedRecommended Recommended List of Search for ActionsActions ActionsResourcesCollaborators Resources Resources Resources 18 23. ReferencesDrullinger,D.2009.StormwaterRunoffVolumeReductiontoProtectSurfaceWaters.White paperpreparedfortheMSUCenterforWaterSciencesStormwaterWaterFellows Series.Availableonlineathttp://www.cws.msu.edu/stormwaterEasterling,D.R.2008.ObservedandProjectedClimateChange.Whitepaperpreparedforthe MSUCenterforWaterSciencesStormwaterWaterFellowsSeries.Availableonlineat http://www.cws.msu.edu/documents/Easterlingclimatechange2008.pdfEchols,S.2008.Artfulrainwaterdesignintheurbanlandscape.JournalofGreenBuilding2(4): 119.Echols,S.andE.Pennypacker.2008.Stormwaterasamenity:Theapplicationofartfulrainwater design.11thInternationalConferenceonUrbanDrainage,Edinburgh,Scotland,UK.Hunt,W.F.andW.G.Lord.2006.BioretentionPerformance,Design,Construction,and Maintenance.NorthCarolinaCooperativeExtensionService.Availableonlineat http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater/PublicationFiles/Bioretention2006.pdf.Hunt,W.F.andK.A.Collins.2008.PermeablePavement:ResearchUpdateandDesign Implications.NorthCarolinaCooperativeExtensionService.Availableonlineat http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater/PublicationFiles/PermPave2008.pdfKarlT.R.,J.M.Melillo,andT.C.Peterson,(eds.).2009.GlobalClimateChangeImpactsinthe UnitedStates.CambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork.Availableonlineat http://www.globalchange.gov/publications/reports/scientificassessments/usimpacts.Mangus,A.2009.Implementingenvironmentalprotectionduringaneconomicturndown:Low ImpactDevelopmentandgreeninfrastructuremake$ense.Whitepaperpreparedforthe MSUCenterforWaterSciencesStormwaterWaterFellowsSeries.AvailableonlineatMcLellan,S.L.,E.J.Hollis,M.M.Depas,M.VanDyke,J.Harris,andC.O.Scopel.2007. DistributionandfateofEscherichiacoliinLakeMichiganfollowingcontaminationwith urbanstormwaterandcombinedseweroverflows.JournalofGreatLakesResearch33: 566580.Patchett,J.M.andG.S.Wilhelm.2008.Theecologyandcultureofwater.Conservation ResearchInstitute.Availableonlineat http://www.cws.msu.edu/documents/Judd_Ecology_and_Culture_of_Water.pdf.Patz,J.A.,S.J.Vavrus,C.K.Uejio,andS.L.McLellan.2008.Climatechangeandwaterborne diseaseriskintheGreatLakesregionoftheU.S.AmericanJournalofPreventive Medicine35:451458.Steinman,A.D.2009.AnOverviewofStormwaterinMichigan:ImpactsandSolutions.White paperpreparedfortheMSUCenterforWaterSciencesStormwaterWaterFellows Series.Availableonlineat http://www.cws.msu.edu/documents/whitepaper_ads_jan09.pdfVicory,A.2009.IntergovernmentalCooperationandPublicPrivatePartnershipsforWater QualityManagementintheOhioRiverValleyTheORSANCOExperience.White paperpreparedfortheMSUCenterforWaterSciencesStormwaterWaterFellows Series.Availableonlineathttp://www.cws.msu.edu/documents/Vicory_whitepaper.pdf19 24. Walsh,C.J.,A.H.Roy,J.F.Feminella,P.D.Cottingham,P.M.Groffman,andR.PMorganII. 2005b.Theurbanstreamsyndrome:currentknowledgeandthesearchforacure. JournaloftheNorthAmericanBenthologicalSociety24:706723.Wenger,S.J.,T.L.Carter,R.A.Vick,andL.A.Fowler.2008.RunoffLimits:Anecologically basedstormwatermanagementprogram.StormwaterMagazine.Availableonlineat http://www.stormh2o.com/marchapril2008/ecologicallystormwater management.aspx. 20 25. Appendices A.ResourceGuideforGovernmentsandStormwaterManagementProfessionals B.ResourceGuidefortheGeneralPublic21 26. Appendix A. Resource Guide for Governments andStormwater Management ProfessionalsThis guide provides a list of helpful resources for local governments and professionals responsible for stormwatermanagement. The list is based on EPAs Resource List for Stormwater Management Programs (Revised May 2007,EPA 833-F-04-003) with additions and revisions by the Water Fellows. It is by no means a comprehensive list, butwe encourage you to explore these resources.This guide is divided into several sections: General stormwater information Public education and outreach Illicit discharge detection and elimination Construction site runoff control Post-construction site runoff control Pollution prevention/good housekeeping Funding Sources Artful stormwater design Stormwater management manuals from Great Lakes states Michigan-specific resourcesGeneral Stormwater InformationEPA Stormwater Website Contains technical and regulatory information about the NPDES stormwater program.It is organized according to the three types of regulated stormwater discharges: construction activities, industrialactivities, municipal separate storm sewer systems.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwaterAmerican Water Resources Association (AWRA) - the American Water Resources Association is a non-profitprofessional association dedicated to the advancement of men and women in water resources management, research,and education. The website provides links to publications such as the Journal of the American Water ResourcesAssociation (must be member to access) as well as other publications, events, and water news.http://www.awra.orgCatching the Rain: a Great Lakes Resource Guide for Natural Stormwater Management - This report byAmerican Rivers outlines natural stormwater management approaches appropriate for the Great Lakes region. Itdemonstrates alternative stormwater management techniques.www.americanrivers.org/site/DocServer/CatchingTheRain.pdf?docID=163Center for Watershed Protection The Center for Watershed Protection works to protect, restore, and enhanceour streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and bays. Their site has many resources and publications on watershedprotection topics including stormwater management and better site design.http://cwp.org/2003 Construction General Permit This 59-page document is EPAs new Construction General Permit (CGP).www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/cgp2003_entirepermit.pdfConstruction General Permit Describes EPAs construction general permit and provides links to fact sheets andthe new electronic notice of intent web site.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgpConstruction Industry Compliance Assistance Center Developed by the National Center for ManufacturingSciences, provides explanations of environmental rules for the construction industry. Also provided are links todetailed information, including state regulations and otherresources.www.cicacenter.org 22 27. EnviroFacts Data Warehouse EPAs one-stop resource for environmental topics. Includes advanced searchcapabilities for maps, reports and queries.www.epa.gov/enviro/index_java.htmlEPAs Electronic Stormwater Notice of Intent (eNOI) Homepage Allows construction sites and Industrialfacilities to apply for EPAs General Construction Permit (GCP) or Multi-Sector General Permit (MSGP-2000)electronically.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/enoiFact Sheet on EPAs 2003 Construction General Permit This 38-page document describes EPAs ConstructionGeneral Permit.www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/cgp2003_fs.pdfGreening Stormwater- Publication by American Rivershttp://www.americanrivers.org/library/reports-publications/greening-stormwater.htmlInstitutional Aspects of Urban Runoff Management: A Guide for Program Development and Implementation This book by The Watershed Management Institute contains a comprehensive review of the institutionalframeworks behind successful urban runoff management programs. Includes summaries of 32 successful programs.http://www.stormwater.ucf.edu/publications/urban_runoff.pdfInternational Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Developed under a cooperativeagreement between EPA and ASCE, provides access to BMP performance data for 200 BMP studies conducted overthe past 15 years.www.bmpdatabase.org/Local Water Policy Innovation: A Road Map for Community Based Stormwater Solutionshttp://www.americanrivers.org/library/reports-publications/local-water-policy-innovation.htmlMenu of Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Phase II Contains more than 100 fact sheets detailing BMPsfor each minimum control measures.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmpsMeasurable Goals Guidance EPA developed this website to help small MS4 communities select measurablegoals to evaluate their program.http://www.epa.govwww.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/measurablegoalsNonpoint Source News Notes A periodic report on the condition of water-related environment, the control ofnonpoint water pollution and ecological management and restoration of wetlands.www.epa.gov/newsnotes/NPDES News Use this website to sign up for EPAs NPDES News listserver to receive updates on the EPAsNPDES program.http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/newsregister.cfmNonpoint Source Pollution Information (NPSINFO) Listserve A forum for open discussion of nonpoint sourcepollution issues. Participants exchange information on urban runoff, hydrologic modification, technology and more.Sponsored by the EPAs Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds.www.epa.gov/OWOW/info/NewsNotes/notifi.htmStormwater: The Journal for Surface Water Quality Professionals Features articles, interviews and newsabout water quality improvement and protection.http://stormh2o.com/sw.htmlStormwater Authority A comprehensive online source for relevant information, news, events and education onstormwater.www.stormwaterauthority.org/23 28. Stormwater Case Study: Monroe County, New York Monroe County enlists the aid of volunteers to helpmonitor streams and large water bodies.http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/casestudies_specific.cfm?case_id=16Stormwater Control Operation and Maintenance Model Ordinance Developed to assist managers indeveloping their own ordinances.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/stormwater.htmStormwater Phase II Final Rule Fact Sheet Series Developed these fact sheets to explain the Phase II rule,minimum control measures and permitting.http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/swfinal.cfmStorm Water Management for Construction Activities: Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and BestManagement Practices Provides detailed guidance on the development of storm water pollution prevention plans(SWPPP) and identification of best management practices (BMPs) for construction activities. It provides technicalassistance and support for all construction activities subject to pollution prevention requirements established underNPDES permits for storm water point source discharges. It includes a set of worksheets, a checklist, and a sampleSWPPP (EPA 832-R-92-005).www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/owm0307.pdfStormwater Management Center for Watershed Protection developed this website to provide managers withlinks to helpful manuals and other web sites.www.cwp.org/stormwater_mgt.htmStormwater Managers Resource Center Contains many resources for stormwater managers, including guidancedocuments, slide shows, model ordinances, and fact sheets.www.stormwatercenter.net/Stormwater Practices for Cold Climates Developed by the Center for Watershed Protection can be downloadedfor free.www.cwp.org/cold-climates.htmStormwater training resource locator Site provides links to training resources in Michigan, the Great Lakes, andother states.www.envcap.org/statetools/swt/swt.cfm?st=MIUNH Stormwater Research Center The University of New Hampshires online stormwater database containsfactsheets, research materials, articles and links to other stormwater sites.www.unh.edu/erg/cstevUSDA The USDA has many resources related to stormwater runoff, both from agricultural and urban areas.Search the site for runoff or stormwater to find relevant resources.http://www.usda.govWatershed Academy Web: Online Training in Watershed Management This online distance learning programoffers self-paced training modules for a basic introduction to the watershed management field.www.epa.gov/watertrain/Public Education and OutreachAfter the Storm Video New hour television program about watersheds co-produced by EPA and The WeatherChannel premiered on Feb. 4, 2004 (EPA 840-V-04-001).www.epa.gov/weatherchannel/American Oceans Campaign Contains helpful materials for educating the public, such as a video narrated by TedDanson, links to stormwater resources in California, and a special report developed by AOC.www.oceana.org/north-america/media-center/24 29. City of Los Angeles Stormwater Program Includes links to public outreach resources, industry BMPs, teacherworkshops and educational programs, and much more.www.lastormwater.org/WPD/program/pubedpage.htmCommunicators Guide for Federal, State, Regional, and Local Communicators The Federal CommunicatorsNetwork developed this guide to offer some general guidance to improve the trust between government and thepublic by helping officials communicate clearly to the public and by making governments message relevant.http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/papers/bkgrd/communicators.htmlCommunity Culture and the Environment: A Guide to Understanding a Sense of Place, Nov. 2002 Exploresthe concepts of community and culture and provides tools for identifying, assessing, and working cooperativelywithin the social dynamics and local values connected to environmental protection (EPA 842-B-01-003).www.contextsensitivesolutions.org/content/reading/epa_community/Earthwater Stencils Provides ideas for public involvement activities for stormwater programs.www.earthwater-stencils.com/Enviroscapes Allows the development of realistic, three-dimensional models of watersheds, landfills, wetlandsand more. An effective demonstration tool for students interested in learning about point sources and non pointsources of water pollution.www.enviroscapes.comFostering Sustainable Behavior: An Introduction to Community-Based SocialMarketing. Doug McKenzie-Mohr and William Smith, 1999, New Society PublishersFostering Sustainable Behavior Listserve - To subscribe, simply send an email to web@cbsm.com with"subscribe" in the subjectGetting In Step: A Guide for Conducting Watershed Outreach Campaigns Provides some of the tools youwill need to develop and implement an effective watershed outreach plan. If youre a watershed practitioner trainedin the sciences, this manual will help you address public perceptions, promote management activities, and inform ormotivate stakeholders (EPA 841-B-03-002).www.epa.gov/nps/outreach.htmlGetting in Step: A Guide for Conducting Watershed Outreach Campaigns Web-based training module basedon the guide.http://www.epa.gov/watertrain/gettinginstep/Getting in Step: Engaging and Involving Stakeholders in Your Watershed Provides the tools needed toeffectively identify, engage, and involve stakeholders throughout a watershed to restore and maintain healthyenvironmental conditions.www.epa.gov/owow/watershed/outreach/documents/stakeholderguide.pdfGetting Your Feet Wet With Social Marketing A Social Marketing Guide for Watershed Programs, JackWilbur, Utah Department of Agriculture and Foodhttp://www.ag.utah.gov/conservation/GettingYourFeetWet1.pdfKids, Students, Teachers Provides information and curricula on educating a variety of age groups on theenvironment and water pollution.www.epa.gov/epahome/students.htmKnow Your Watershed Developed by the Conservation Technology Information Center, has a good list ofhelpful resources (including guidebooks) for watershed groups.www2.ctic.purdue.edu/kyw/kyw.htmlMarketing in the Public Sector: A Roadmap for Improved Performance. Philip Kotlerand Nancy Lee, Wharton School Publishing (2006)25 30. Nonpoint Source Outreach Digital Toolbox - Includes a catalog of over 700+ materials (TV, print, radio, give-aways, mascots, public attitude surveys, and evaluations of public response to media campaigns) that can be used ina stormwater public education campaign.www.epa.gov/nps/toolboxPolluted Runoff (Non Point Source Pollution): Outreach Contains information and links to a variety of nonpoint source pollution documents, factsheets, testimonials, videos and more.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/outreach.htmlPublic Education and Outreach Menu of BMPs (EPA) Links to 19 facts sheets on different BMPs for educatingthe public.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/publiceducationPublic Involvement and Participation Menu of BMPs (EPA) Links to 10 fact sheets detailing ideas andactivities on how to get the public involved.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/publicinvolvementResponsive Management on Water Resources - A collection of research on public attitudes and research towardwater resources.http://www.responsivemanagement.com/waterprojects.htmlThe Sprink Stormwater Education PSAs and websites on stormwater education developed by a private firm forMS4s and available for a fee.http://www.stormwatereducation.com/index.htmlSocial Marketing Listserve - To subscribe, send an e-mail message to:LISTPROC@LISTPROC.GEORGETOWN.EDU and in the body of the message write: "subscribe SOC-MKTG(your name)" and type your actual name in place of "your name."Stormwater Outreach Materials and Reference Documents - Provides outreach materials that municipalities,watershed groups, state, and local governments can customize and use for their own stormwater outreachcampaigns.http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwatermonth.cfmStormwater Case Studies on Public Education - Includes case studies of how a Phase I or Phase II community hasimplemented the public education requirements.http://www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/publiceducationThink Blue San Diego Provides an overview of San Diegos stormwater pollution prevention program ThinkBlue San Diego. Includes program objectives and organization.www.sandiego.gov/thinkblueVolunteer Monitoring Check out this EPA website to download helpful fact sheets and methods manuals, learnabout upcoming events, and link to other helpful resources.www.epa.gov/owow/monitoring/volunteer/Water Environment Federation for Students Check out this web page to download WEFs materials andcurricula for educating various age groups. Also provides information in Spanish.www.wef.org/HomeIllicit Discharge Detection and EliminationIllicit Discharge Detection and Elimination: A Guidance Manual for Program Development and TechnicalAssessments Outlines practical, low-cost and effective illicit discharge detection and identification techniques.www.cwp.org/idde_verify.htm 26 31. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Manual The New England Interstate Water Pollution ControlCommission developed this manual to provide an overview of the IDDE component of the Phase II regulations andpractical information on various approaches municipalities can use to carry out the requirements of the regulations.www.neiwpcc.orgIllicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) Menu of BMPs Links to 8 fact sheets outlining variousIDDE best management practices.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/illicitdischargeIllicit Discharges Model Ordinances EPA developed this website to assist managers in developing their ownordinances.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/discharges.htmInvestigation of Inappropriate Pollutant Entries into Storm Drainage Systems: A Users Guide Containsinformation to allow the design and conduct of local investigations to identify the types and to estimate themagnitudes of non-stormwater entries into storm drainage systems (EPA-600-R-92-238).www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/investigating_inappropriate_pesds.pdfSanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs) EPA developed this website to provide more information on SSOs, includingfact sheets and an SSO toolbox.www.epa.gov/npdes/ssoConstruction Site Runoff ControlBest Management Practices for South Florida Urban Stormwater Management Systems The South FloridaWater Management District has prepared this document to increase public awareness about the management ofurban stormwater runoff and how best management practices (BMPs) can be used to improve water quality.https://my.sfwmd.gov/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PG_GRP_SFWMD_ENVIROREG/PORTLET_REGUIDANCE/TAB383509/BMP_MANUAL.PDFEPAs Construction Site Runoff Control Menu of BMPs Links to 39 fact sheets outlining various IDDE bestmanagement practices.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/constructionEPAs Erosion and Sediment Control Model Ordinances Assists managers in developing their own ordinances.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/erosion.htmInternational Erosion Control Association The International Erosion Control Association is a non-profit,member organization that provides education and resource information for professionals in the erosion and sedimentcontrol industry.www.ieca.org/International Stormwater Best Management Practices Database Provides access to BMP performance data forabout 200 BMP studies conducted over the past 15 years.www.bmpdatabase.orgKentucky Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control Field Guide Comprehensive guide to Kentuckys BMPsfor erosion and sediment control for highway construction projects.www.tetratech-ffx.com/wstraining/pdf/esc_guide.pdfStorm Water Management for Construction Activities: Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and BestManagement Practices Provides detailed guidance on the development of storm water pollution prevention plans(SWPPP) and identification of best management practices (BMPs) for construction activities. It provides technicalassistance and support for all construction activities subject to pollution prevention requirements established underNPDES permits for storm water point source discharges. It includes a set of worksheets, a checklist, and a sampleSWPPP (EPA 832-R-92-005).www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/owm0307.pdf27 32. Post-Construction Site Runoff ControlBioretention Applications: Fact Sheet Two case studies (in Largo, Maryland, and Tampa, Florida) demonstratethe potential to use low impact development practices in the design of new parking facilities and as retrofits forexisting parking facilities to reduce runoff volume and remove pollutants. Includes monitoring data.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/lid/lidlit.htmlGreen Roofs for Healthy Cities This non-profit industry associations website collects and publishes technicalinformation on green roof products and services.www.greenroofs.orgLow Impact Development Center The Low Impact Development Center strives to help communities use propersite design techniques to protect their water resources.www.lowimpactdevelopment.org/Low Impact Development Practices for Stormwater Management Sponsored by the housing industry discussesbuilding products, materials, new technologies, business management and housing systems.http://www.toolbase.org/Techinventory/TechDetails.aspx?ContentDetailID=909&BucketID=6&CategoryID=11Low-Impact Development Page Developed by EPA, provides links to EPA documents and other helpfulorganizations web sites.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/lid/Low Impact Development Integrated Management Practices Guide Prince Georges County Marylanddeveloped this manual to push the site design envelope to show how stormwater controls can be integrated into a sitein innovative ways. The practices are pure concepts which are presented to provide the user with examples of whatcould be done to control stormwater.http://www.goprincegeorgescounty.com/government/agencyindex/der/esd/manuals.aspLow Impact Development: Urban Design Tools Provides watershed managers with tools and techniques formeeting regulatory and receiving water protection program goals for urban retrofits, redevelopment projects andnew development sites.www.lid-stormwater.net/Natural Approaches to Stormwater Management Produced by the Puget Sound Action Team, showcases earlyexamples of the efforts of planners, developers and engineers to transition to low impact development.www.psat.wa.gov/Publications/LID_studies/LID_approaches.htmPost Construction Controls Model Ordinance EPA developed this website to assist managers in developingtheir own ordinances.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/postcons.htmEPAs Post-Construction Site Runoff Control Menu of BMPs Links to 39 fact sheets outlining variousstructural and non-structural best management practices for post-construction runoff control.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/postconstructionPuget Sound Online: Low Impact Development Sponsored by the Puget Sound Action Team Partnership, thisweb page addresses issues and innovations in low impact development.www.psat.wa.gov/Programs/LID.htmEPAs Smart Growth Provides information on various smart growth topics and EPA funding sources, and linksto other helpful web sites.www.epa.gov/livability/Smart Growth Online Sponsored by the Smart Growth Network, this site is a forum for discussing smart growthBMPs, innovative policies, tools and ideas.www.smartgrowth.org/sgn/default.asp?res=80028 33. Smart Growth for Clean Water: Helping Communities Address the Water Quality Impacts of Sprawl Thisreport from the National Association of Local Government Environmental Professionals identifies five smart growthapproaches, and profiles several local partnerships that have reaped the economic and environmental benefits ofthese approaches.www.nalgep.org/publications/PublicationsDetail.cfm?LinkAdvID=42157Street Storage for Combined Sewer Surcharge Control Highlights two case studies in Illinois that reduce therate of runoff entering combined sewer systems by using street storage and catch basin modifications. October 2000(EPA-841-B-00-005C).http://www.lowimpactdevelopment.org/ftp/Street_Storage_Factsheet.pdfStreet Storage System for Control of Combined Sewer Surcharge: Retrofitting Stormwater Storage intoCombined Sewer Systems Describes a case study-based evaluation of street storage technology, highlightingstrategies for temporarily storing stormwater on urban surfaces (EPA-600-R-00-065). Also available through NTIS:NTIS NO: PB2000-107451.www.epa.gov/ednnrmrl/publications/reports/epa600r00065/epa600r00065.pdfVegetated Roof Cover: Fact Sheet Case study in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on vegetated roofs. The studydemonstrates the use of a vegetated roof to reduce runoff, conserve energy and improve community aesthetics.Includes design information and monitoring data (EPA-841-B-00-005D).www.epa.gov/owow/nps/lid/lidlit.htmlPollution Prevention/Good HousekeepingNational Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Areas Containsinformation on the best available methods to economically reduce urban-generated surface and ground waterpollution.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/urbanmm/index.htmlEPAs Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping Menu of BMPs Links to 13 fact sheets outlining variousbest management practices for pollution prevention and good housekeeping.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/goodhousekeepingTechniques for Tracking, Evaluating and Reporting the Implementation of Non Point Source ControlMeasures Helps federal, state, regional and local environmental professionals track the implementation of BMPsused to control urban non point source pollution.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/urban2.htmlFunding SourcesAn Internet Guide to Financing Stormwater Management Designed to help communities find ways to fundstormwater management projects.http://stormwaterfinance.urbancenter.iupui.edu/Catalog of Federal Funding Sources for Watershed Protection The Catalog of Federal Funding Sources forWatershed Protection Web site is a searchable database of financial assistance sources (grants, loans, cost-sharing)available to fund a variety of watershed protection projects.http://cfpub.epa.gov/fedfund/Grants.gov Searchable website for all federal grant programs.http://grants.gov/State Revolving Fund State Revolving Fund programs in each state and Puerto Rico are funded by EPA andoperated like banks. Assets are used to make low- or no-interest loans.http://www.epa.gov/owm/cwfinance/cwsrf/index.htm29 34. Artful Stormwater DesignArtful Rainwater Design Website explains the concepts of artful rainwater design and presents case studies fromacross the US.http://www.artfulrainwaterdesign.net/Conservation Design Forum Firm based in Chicago (with an office in Ann Arbor, MI) that specializes inintegrated water-based ecological designs.http://www.cdfinc.com/Atelier Dreiseitl- German firm specializing in designing with water- great inspiration!http://www.dreiseitl.de/index.php?lang=enStormwater Management Manuals from Great Lakes StatesIllinoisIllinois Urban Manualhttp://www.il.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/engineer/urban/contents.htmlMichiganBMP Design Manualhttp://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135-3313_3682_3714-118554--,00.htmlMinnesotaStormwater Manual: http://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/stormwater/stormwater-manual.htmlStormwater Maintenance BMP Resource Guide: http://www.lrrb.org/pdf/2009RIC12.pdfNew YorkNew York State Stormwater Management Design Manualhttp://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/29072.htmlOhioRainwater and Land Development Manualhttp://www.dnr.state.oh.us/tabid/9186/default.aspxPennsylvaniaBest Management Practices (BMP) Manualhttp://www.depweb.state.pa.us/watershedmgmt/cwp/view.asp?a=1437&q=529063&watershedmgmtNav=|WisconsinStormwater Manualhttp://www.dnr.state.wi.us/RUNOFF/stormwater/publications.htm#uwexMichigan-specific ResourcesCity of Ann Arbor Water Resources Stormwater page- Site provides information on Ann Arbors stormwaterutility and rate structure.http://www.a2gov.org/government/publicservices/systems_planning/waterresources/Pages/StormWater.aspxGreater Lansing Regional Committee for Stormwater Management The Greater Lansing Regional Committeefor Stormwater Management (GLRC) is a guiding body comprised of participating Phase II Stormwatercommunities within the Greater Lansing Region. The committee has been established to guide the implementationof the entire Phase II Stormwater Program for the communities within three identified watersheds: the Grand River,the Red Cedar River and the Looking Glass River watersheds. Site provides links to info on stormwater, modelordinances, and publications.www.mywatersheds.orgLawrence Tech Stormwater Research Site provides information on stormwater research conducted by LTU andalso has links to case studies for projects in southeast Michigan.www.ltu.edu/stormwater 30 35. Michigan Association of Counties MAC offers members educational programs, legislative representation, localworkshops, a legislative and summer conference, and produces a MAC newspaper, commissioner directory, andlegislative communications to keep members up to date on the latest events that affect county governments.http://www.micounties.orgMichigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) Main site for the MDEQ.http://www.michigan.gov/deqMDEQ Stormwater Site links to MDEQ stormwater regulations, requirements, and guidance.http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135-3313_3682_3716---,00.htmlMichigan Department of Natural Resources Main page for MDNR.http://www.michigan.gov/dnrMichigan Government Main Michigan government site with links to all agencies and the legislature.http://michigan.gov/Michigan Association of County Drain Commissioners- Site has information regarding the latest standards,technologies and methods for storm water management, water resource protection, drainage, financial management,customer service, and public administration.http://macdc.net/Michigan Low Impact Development Manual- Developed by SEMCOG with the assistance and input of agenciesand professionals throughout Michigan, the manual includes technical and policy guidance in implementing LIDspecific to Michigan conditionshttp://www.semcog.org/LowImpactDevelopment.aspxMichiganMunicipalLeagueProvidesservices,events,andresourcestargetedtomunicipalitiesinMichigan.http://www.mml.org/home.htmlMichiganTownshipsAssociationProvidesservices,events,andresourcestargetedtotownshipsinMichigan.http://www.michigantownships.org/MillersCreekWatershedsiteSitebytheHuronRiverWatershedCouncilprovidinginformationontherestorationofMillersCreekWatershedwhichdrainsintotheHuronRiver.http://wiki.mtri.org/display/milcreek/Millers+Creek+WebsiteMSUCenterforWaterSciencesStormwaterWorkshopSeriesSiteprovideswhitepapers,webcasts,presenations,andproductsfromtheWaterFellowsworkshopseriesonstormwater.http://www.cws.msu.edu/stormwater.htmMSUEnvironmentalScienceandPolicyProgram(ESPP)ESPPisanumbrellagroupforenvironmentalresearchandeducationatMSU.Thesiteoffersinformationonenvironmentalsustainability,environmentaleventsatMSU,aFindanMSUExpertsearch,andfundingopportunities.http://www.espp.msu.edu/index.php MSUExtensionSiteprovidesinformationonagriculture,community,environment,horticultureandmore.http://www.msue.msu.edu/portal31 36. RainGardensofWestMichiganInformationonraingardens,includingoutreachmaterialsandhowtoguides.http://www.raingardens.org/Index.phpSoutheasternMichiganCouncilofGovernments(SEMCOG)SEMCOGsupportslocalgovernmentplanningonregionalissuesintheareasoftransportation,environment,communityandeconomicdevelopment,andeducation.MembersincludeLivingston,Macomb,Monroe,Oakland,St.Clair,Washtenaw,andWayneCounties.http://www.semcog.org/WashtenawWaterQualityProgramstheWashtenawCountyWaterResourcesCommissionerisresponsibleforthedesign,construction,andoperationandmaintenanceofover500stormwatermanagementandfloodcontrolsystems(CountyDrains).TheWaterQualityProgramspageprovidesinformationononprogramsforthecommunity,businessesandhomeowners.http://www.ewashtenaw.org/government/drain_commissioner/dc_webWaterQuality/index_htmlWaterwaysatRisk:HowLowImpactDevelopmentCanReduceRunoffPollutioninMichiganThePublicResearchGroupinMichigan(PIRGIM),incoordinationwithAmericanRivers,releasedareportdocumentingtherisksthatdevelopmentposestoMichiganswaterquality.ThereportdiscussedhowLIDcanmitigatetheserisks.http://www.americanrivers.org/library/reportspublications/waterwaysatriskhow.html 32 37. Appendix B. Stormwater Resources for the PublicAfter the Storm- Brochure developed by EPA provides a broad overview of stormwater pollution, including runofffrom residential and commercial properties, farms, construction sites, automotive facilities, forestry operations, andothers.http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/after_the_storm.pdfClinton River Watershed Council- Stormwater page educates public about issues surrounding stormwater andsteps they can take to reduce impacts.http://www.crwc.org/programs/stormwater_ed/index.htmlGirl Scout Water Drop Patch- The Girl Scouts and EPA have developed this patch for girl scouts to learn all aboutwatersheds and water pollution and to take action to protect water resources.http://www.epa.gov/adopt/patch/GLRC Resources for Educators- links to curriculum, materials in print and online, events, and other informationregarding stormwater education.http://www.mywatersheds.org/for_educators.htmlLincoln Park, MI Stormwater Pollution Prevention Tips- Tips to reduce stormwater pollution, including de-icingin the winter.http://www.lincolnpark.govoffice.com/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={3620FC9F-5A9D-4D7E-8A70-9B78D2165337}&DE={4C2D44F7-0126-42B9-8192-FB5CEF39A6E7}Make Your Home the Solution to Stormwater Pollution Brochure - This short EPA brochure is targeted directlyto homeowners and provides tips on a wide variety of simple things that homeowners can do to prevent stormwaterpollution.http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/solution_to_pollution.pdfNorth Carolina Stormwater Workbook- Covers stormwater basics, what you can do, and pollution solutions.http://www.ncstormwater.org/pages/workbook_main.htmlProtecting Water Quality from Urban Runoff - This EPA fact sheet explains how urbanized areas affect waterquality through increased runoff and pollutant loads and what homeowners can do to prevent stormwater pollution.http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/nps_urban-facts_final.pdfRain Gardens of West Michigan- Learn how to create a rain garden and other information about stormwaterhttp://www.raingardens.org/Index.phpStormwater Activities- Games for kids from Kane County, Illinoishttp://www.co.kane.il.us/kcstorm/education/kids/activities.aspStormwater Management for Homeownershttp://www.soil.ncsu.edu/assist/homeassist/stormwater/Stormwater Resources for Homeowners (also have resources for officials & real estate pros)http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/resources-stormwater/homeowners.htmlUrban Slobber- North Carolina Clean Water Education Partnerships page for kids. Includes projects andexperiments for kids to learn about stormwater.http://www.nccwep.org/involvement/kids/slobber.php33 38. Water Efficient Landscaping - This EPA booklet describes the benefits of water-efficient, low-impact landscaping.It includes examples of successful projects, programs, and contactshttp://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwatermonth.cfmWhere You Live- Outreach materials, searchable by state. Includes fact sheets, radio ads, and other educationalmaterials.http://www.epa.gov/nps/toolbox/whereyoulive.htm34