Mexico and the United States

AP US HistorySome information from Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY

Mexico and the United StatesRise of Democracy-Texas Revolution/AnnexationChapter 13

Texas RevolutionAmericans living in TexasIssues: language, religion, slavery, and taxesStephen F. Austin: wants more political freedom Santa Anna, president of MexicoAbolishes states constitutions, making himself a dictatorHe does not grant Texas the freedom that they are looking for-Stephen F. Austin imprisoned for 1 yearIn 1835, Texans vote overwhelmingly against declaring independence, instead hoping that they can rally Mexicans to help them overthrow Santa AnnaWaiting for revolt Texans elect Sam Houston as the leader of the army.

The Republic of Texas or the Lone Star Republic 1836-1845

Texas Republic and the Annexation QuestionSam Houston=President of TexasTexans in favor of annexation 3,277 to 93Texas comes up for statehood in 1838Denied= issue of slaveryConspiracy-John C. Calhoun and others believe that British Gov. is conspiring to annex Texas and outlaw slavery in return for British aidIn reality it is British abolitionist making this claimHouston plays along with the scheme saying that if the U.S. wont annex Texas that England would

Annexation and Presidential CampaignIn 1844, Tennessean James K. Polk makes annexation the platform for his campaign. His predecessor, Tyler, then submits the resolution to Congress-narrowly passedTexas=28th state in 1845Wilmot Proviso-would prohibit slavery from extending into territory purchased from Mexico-never Passed through the Senate

Manifest DestinyChapter 17Manifest DestinyFirst Coined by John L. OSullivan Contributes to the myth of the west, giving glory to the west as an adventurous and romantic placeManifest Destiny and the Mexican-American WarCAUSES: Movement of pioneers westward Two failed attempts by Mexico in 1842 to reclaim TexasAnnexation of Texas in 1845After Annexation Mexico throws out the U.S. ambassador and severs diplomatic ties with the U.S.but no declaration of warMexican-American WarWar looks like it may be avoided whenSlidell Mission offers $5mil. for the border to be at the Rio Grande instead of the Nueces Rv. No Americans live in between these two rivers-only MexicansAlso offer $5 mil. for New MexicoWilling to pay almost anything for CaliforniaTHEN.

Map of TexasDisputed Regions for the Mexican-American War

Mexican-American WarIn 1846 Mexican troops cross the Rio Grande and clashed with American troops-Americans surrender after loss of lifePolk then asks Congress to pass a declaration of war, which has already been started by the act of Mexico herselfnotwithstanding all our effort to avoid it.Controversy ariseswhy?

General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto

Old Rough and Ready

General Scott Enters Mexico CityOld Fuss and Feathers

Treaty of Guadeloupe-Hidalgo, 1848

Nicholas TristAmerican Negotiator

Terms of the Treaty Treaty is basically forced upon MexicoMexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico(over $3,500,000).

Mexican Cession

Consequences of the WarThe 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease).New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.Manifest Destiny partially realized.

War Heroes that EmergeThe Mexican-American War, while controversial, created a number of war heroes that go on to be influential leaders in the Civil WarUlysses S. GrantRobert E. LeeThomas Stonewall JacksonWilliam Tecumseh ShermanGeorge McClellan

Aroostook War, 1839The only war ever declared by a state. Between the Canadian region of New Brunswick and the state of Maine. Cause: The expulsion of Canadian lumberjacks in the disputed area of Aroostook by Maine officials. Congress called up 50,000 men and voted for $10,000,000 to pay for the war. General Winfield Scott arranged a truce, and a border commission was convened to resolve the issue.

Maine Boundary Settlement, 1842

The Oregon Dispute-54 40 of FightBy the mid-1840s,Oregon Fever was spurred on by the promise of free land.

The joint British-U. S. occupation ended in 1846.