METHODS OF TEACHINGDEMONSTRATION.DEBLINA ROYM.Sc. NURSING 1st yearKGMU Institute of Nursing.

IntroductionThere are various methods of teaching, one of the most effective methods of teaching skill is ‘demonstration’.

Demonstration Method

• It can be defined as visualized explanation of facts and procedures

•it is a physical display of the form, outline or a substance of object or events for the purpose of increasing knowledge or such objects or events.

•Demonstration involves showing what and showing how, it is a relatively less complicated process I that it does not require extensive verbal elaboration.

•Socrates .•Plato. •Aristotle.

Principles of DEMONSTRATION. •Learning by doing maxim is followed.•Skills can be developed by imitation•The perception helps in imitation.

Guidelines for a good Demonstration

•planned and rehearsed •visible •Proper lighting arrangements • equipments placed in order •clear statements about the purpose •active participation by the students .•quick and slick • interesting •active participation the students •summary of the principles

Uses• This strategy is mainly applied in the technical

training institutes.• In teacher education programmes it is used to

develop skill in the student teacher.• At school level teacher applies it in teaching

science , biology arts and crafts , environmental studies.

• Demonstration method has a great role in nursing education as the whole course is skill based so demonstration method is very vividly used in nursing.

Common Errors • Equipment may not be ready for use.• There may not be an apparent relation between the

demonstration and the topic under discussion.• Black board summary not up to the mark.• The teacher may be in a hurry to arrive at

generalizations without allowing the students to arrive at generalizations from the facts.

• The teacher may talk too much which may mask the enthusiasm of the students.

• Teacher may not have allotted sufficient time for the recording of the data.

• Teacher may fail to ask right type of questions.

Advantages of demonstration Method:

•activates several senses and visibly showing a process

•Complex skills become more understandable

•Provides observational learning•Clarifies underlying principles•Correlate theory and practice•Commands interest•Evaluate•Facilitates return demonstratrion.

Disadvantages of Demonstration Method•Individual differences. •Stressful for students.• faculty supervision , space , supplies •Increased faculty workload to supervise .•Practice may be limited due to cost of

supplies and equipments

Conclusion

Referrances • R Pramila.Nursing communication and

educational technology.1st ed,jaypee brothers medical publishers; New delhi,2010.p.259-61

• Basavanthappa B.T. Nursing education 2nd ed, jaypee brothers medical publishers;New Delhi,2009.p.312-18

• Demonstration method of teaching-june 2015 available from www.studylecturenotes.com / curriculum/ teaching methods.

• Demonstration – wekipedia free encyclopedia may 2010 available from www.google.com

LABORATORY DEBLINA ROYM.Sc. Nursing 1st yearKGMU Institute of Nursing.

INTRODUCTION•Nursing education requires involvement

of various types of the teaching methods and in of the most effective method of teaching skills is the laboratory method.

Nursing Laboratories

•The Nursing Learning Laboratories consist of a nursing skills lab, physical assessment lab, and human patient simulation lab provide students

with a variety of opportunities to see, learn, and practice nursing skills and procedures in a simulated setting

Laboratory method in Nursing education.

•Laboratory method, in nursing education may be defined as planned learning activity dealing with original data in the solution of problems . The term “Original data” includes materials obtained experimentally and any other materials resulting from laboratory procedure.

Principles of Laboratory method

•Utilizes raw data or material things to produce better understanding of the subject matter or lesson.

•Learning by doing•Using reality instead of symbols.•reality has more vividness.•Investigatory or experimental

Objectives of Laboratory Method

•Make use of the power of observation and reasoning.

•Manipulate learning equipments.• Make use of reality to make learning

easier and more permanent.• Make use of the scientific attitudes.• Use the laboratory method or procedure.

ADVANTAGES•Students learn by doing .•Develops the power of observation and

reasoning. •Develops the scientific attitude. •Gives an understanding of what research •Gives training in organizing data gathered

from real material •a preparation for solving real life

problems.

Disadvantages :

▫1.Uneconomical way of learning in time and material.

▫Does not give much training in verbal expression and when the same equipment is used most of the time, its use becomes mechanical i.e., used without much thinking anymore.

Scientific method:•Define the question •Gather information and resources

(observe) •Form hypothesis •Perform experiment and collect data •Analyze data •Interpret data and draw conclusions that

serve as a starting point for new hypothesis .

Steps in the laboratory method

Sample of The Laboratory Method of Teaching

•1.Vital Signs Taking Preparation.•2.Review on Vital signs.•3.Steps in performing vital signs taking.•4.Expected Learning Outcomes. •5.Planning .

Actual Work Period

•During this period, students will work under the supervision of the teacher

Culminating Activity:•Students will report the results of the

activity. •Other Examples: Actual exposure in the

Clinical Area ,Suctioning,and in performing other nursing skills.

Teacher’s Responsibility•Specify objectives for the laboratory

experience and make them known to students.

•Outline general plan of activities in accord with the objectives; provide correlation between the activity and the theory.

•Arrange needed facilities in advance know the patients and the projected area of study.

•Provide necessary equipment; check for the availability and working conditions.

•Make self available for group or individual help.

•Summarize through discussions and individual conferences data collection organization of the findings- methods of problem solving , common problems encountered , individual accomplishments, and implications for use in solving other problems

• Prepare instructions-Verbal , written, manual form but avoid extensive detail as to provide creative thinking.

• Plan for sequential learning; allow progression according to individual abilities.

• Supervise the students through questions and example ; timing of guidance must be strategically planned.- know when to act, and when to with hold actions

• Provide reinforcement at regular intervals; keep records of daily progress.

Student responsibility:

•Study necessary background material in accord with the outlined objectives.

•Formulate own objectives for pursuing assignments

•Outline plan of investigation using own objectives , teachers ‘s objective , background knowledge

•Pursue plan of action using teachers guidelines.

•Validate actions with class mates , nursing personnel, and other health team member

•Summarize data frequently and keep goals to focus

•Report the findings to the group , reviewing problem , plan of action , significant data, findings conclusions and recommendations.

• Evaluate self regarding progress made , areas of strength and weakness, needed areas of help to ensure future growth.

•Make needs known to teacher and seek assistance in validation of data.

•Seek additional theoretical information by referring to more studies.

•Report results of progress to individual students and use information for the basis of planning future learning experiences.

Conclusion•The laboratory method serves as a

foundation for building those combination of teaching methods best suited for establishing a structural framework to bridge the gap between theoretical study of nursing and study of patients.

REFFERANCES• R Pramila.Nursing communication and

educational technology.1st ed,jaypee brothers medical publishers; New delhi,2010.p.259-61

• Basavanthappa B.T. Nursing education 2nd ed, jaypee brothers medical publishers; New Delhi,2009.p.312-18

• Demonstration method of teaching-june 2015 available from www.studylecturenotes.com / curriculum/ teaching methods.

• Demonstration – wekipedia free encyclopedia may 2010 available from www.google.com