Mariah SuttonQuan Henderson

Adrienne Turner-McGowan

Thesis Statement: Various tactics, such as increased nationalism, political changes, and war, were adopted in order to retrieve independence in Ghana, Angola, and Nigeria.

Goal: Freedom from British rule & Pan African Congress

Formed Formation of Organization of Africa Unity 1963 (OAU)

Independence from French in 1957

Constitution of 1960 President Kwame Nkrumah

dictorial powers 1946 Conventional People’s

Party sole legal party Overthrown by military in

1966, power shifts

Goals:Goals: Independence from PortugalIndependence from Portugal

Major Problems:Major Problems: Poor infrastructure and Poor infrastructure and

technologytechnology Famine due to corruptionFamine due to corruption Mismanagement of oil Mismanagement of oil

revenuerevenue

Methods of Decolonization:Methods of Decolonization: 1961 war of independence1961 war of independence UNITA (South Africa and UNITA (South Africa and

USA) disputes MPLA (Cuba, USA) disputes MPLA (Cuba, and Soviet Union) rule and and Soviet Union) rule and a civil war breaks outa civil war breaks out

became under British rule in 1900became under British rule in 1900 gained independence in 1960gained independence in 1960 rise of Nigerian nationalism began in the rise of Nigerian nationalism began in the

1920s1920s constitution of 1922: African constitution of 1922: African

representatives joined the Nigeria’s representatives joined the Nigeria’s legislative council in Lagos town councillegislative council in Lagos town council

urbanization, Western education, and urbanization, Western education, and transportation increased Nigerian transportation increased Nigerian awareness and nationalismawareness and nationalism

local medialocal media creation of the National Congress of creation of the National Congress of

British West Africa and the Universal British West Africa and the Universal Negro Improvement Association (Garvey Negro Improvement Association (Garvey Movement), and other political parties in Movement), and other political parties in 19201920

rallies led by newly created political rallies led by newly created political partiesparties

spread of anti-colonial movementspread of anti-colonial movement peaceful constitutional changes after peaceful constitutional changes after

19451945 Nigerian national council created in 1944Nigerian national council created in 1944

Falola, Toyin. The History of Nigeria. Westport: Greenwood, 1999. Print.

  Twentieth- Centruy History. 6th ed.

Boston: Charles Hartford, 2006. Print.