Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals
Transcript of Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals
![Page 1: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Methods for sampling emissions ofDioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 2: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• Outline of the session:
• Sampling using the Standard Reference Method
• Continuous sampling
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 3: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Dioxins
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
Furans
![Page 4: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• PCDDs 7 of the 75 PCDDs are specifically toxic• PCDFs 10 of 135 congeners have “dioxin-like”
properties• PCBs 12 have “dioxin-like” properties• The reference congener is the most toxic dioxin
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) whichper definition has a Toxic Equivalence Factor of one.
• The group does NOT include 1,4 dioxin C4H4O2
What are dioxins and dioxin-likecompounds?
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 5: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• EN1948 Standard reference method for emissionsmonitoring
Sampling according to EN1948-1:2006Determination of the Mass Concentrationof PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs.Sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 6: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• Modified method for PCBs
Sampling according to EN1948-4:2007Determination of the Mass Concentrationof PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs.Sampling and analysis of dioxin-like PCBs
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 7: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• May be produced in emissions from– Waste incinerators– Cement plants– Steel mills– Forest fires, burning cars
• Dioxins are persistent organic pollutants (POPs)– A suspect human carcinogens (US-EPA)– Long lifetime in the environment– Are difficult to break down
Why monitor dioxin emissions?
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 8: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
EN1948-1 Sample train diagram
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 9: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
EN1948-1 sample train using Isostack G4
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 10: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
EN14385 sample train with Isostack G4
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 11: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Isostack G4 automatic isokinetic samplerwith heated probe and box
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 12: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• Duct survey - suggests nozzle size based upon gasvelocity and temperature profile
• Calculates probe insertion depths based upon stackdimensions
• During sampling - maintains isokinetic velocity at thenozzle
• Alters the operator when the probe must be moved• Logs sampling data
Features of an automatic isokineticsampler
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 13: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• Time/date• Stack i.d• Stack Diameter• Gas composition• Water content• Nozzle diameter• # of ports and points• Insertion depths
Stored data – about the stack
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 14: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Stored data – at each point
• Stack temperature –max, min, average
• Probe temperature• Heated box
temperature• Condenser temperature• Ice box temperature• DGM temperature
• Stack gas velocity– max,min, average
• Stack pressure• Sample line pressure• Sample flow rate• Isokinetic deviation• Stack flow rate (actual)• Stack flow rate (ref)
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 15: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Stored data – in summary
• Sample volume at STP• Sample volume at DGM
conditions• Stack differential
pressure• Ambient pressure• DGM encoder impulses• DGM pressure
• Dry and wet actual ductflow rate
• Dry and wet standardflow rate
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 16: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Report transferred as XML file that can bedisplayed in a spreadsheetsample of data displayed here
AVERAGE VALUESTotal Points [#] 13
Velocity v'a [m/sec] 21.089[9.766;22.983]
Stack temperature ta [°C] 57.651[42.755;70.292]
Stack Static Pressure Pastatic [kPa] 102.07[102.027;102.123]
Isokinetic Deviation DI [%] 0.064[-1.000;0.866]
Probe temperature tprobe [°C] 28.122[-72.414;111.067]
Box temperature tbox [°C] 24.057[7.290;40.922]
Aux1 temperature taux1 [°C] 147.142[135.334;156.379]
Aux2 temperature taux2 [°C] 201.133[181.497;217.734]
Stack Differential Pitot Pressure dPpitot [Pa] 314.017[134.667;385.312]
Ambient Pressure Pamb [kPa] 102.142[102.142;102.142]
DUCT FLOW RATE
Dry actual QVa [m3/h] 115705[53579;126089]
Moist actual Q'Va [m3/h] 116874[113257;119747]
Moist standard [Tnorm Pnorm] Q'Vn [m3/h] 97285[93952;102860]
Dry standard [Tnorm Pnorm] QVn [m3/h] 96312[93013;101831]
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 17: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• Uncertainty of data from sampling and analysis hashigh uncertainty. Control of sensors in samplingsystems is crucial
• Each instrument has UKAS traceable annual checksof DGM, pressure and temperature sensors
• In-house checks of sensors periodically• G4 will store these corrections and recalibrations.• Calibration report is exported in XML format
Quality control of sampling systems
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 18: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• DECS systems manufactured by Tecora• Dozens supplied in Europe in the last 5 years• Several plants with multiple units installed• France, Italy, Finland, USA• Incinerators, Steel Plants, Cement Plants
Proposed EN1948-5A standard for long-term sampling ofPCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs.
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 19: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Dioxin Emissions Continuous SamplerControl Unit Sampling Unit
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 20: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Parallel Sampling – two CU and two SU
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 21: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Display to program settings
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 22: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Set sampling duration or volume
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 23: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Display during operation
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 24: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
Sidestream sampling for Hg and heavymetals
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 25: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• Automatic sampler used by stack team for QAL2checks
• Comprehensive report of all sampling parameters
• Long term sampling of dioxins• Same high standards of monitoring and reporting of
sampling parameters
Summary of Tecora capabilities
AQE workshop 13 March 2013
![Page 26: Methods for sampling emissions of Dioxins, Mercury and Heavy Metals](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020704/61fb4e682e268c58cd5c9b95/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
TECORA Isostack G4 and DECS – Stack Emissions Sampling
• Stefano Alberti – Tecora– [email protected]
• Dominic Duggan – Quantitech– [email protected]
• Visit our stand 40 and 41 to discuss your applications
Our thanks – Your questions
AQE workshop 13 March 2013