METHOD OF VIDEOTHERMOVISION GENERALIZATION

MUKHAMEDYAROVA

WHEN CARRYING OUT ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS FOR DESIGNING AND CONSTRUCTION OF ENERGY

FACILITIES AND FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF THE STATUS OF COMPLETED CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

2

The Closed Joint Stock Company "Institute of Aerospace Instrumentation" (CJSC "IASI"), Kazan, Russia, developed the technology "Method of Videothermovision Generalization Mukhamedyarova" (MVTGM), based on the applied consequences of the two lemmas-hypotheses:- THERMAL RADIATION REMEMBERS ITS ORIGIN;- DEEP STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH IS TRANSLUCENT IN THE OPTICAL WAVE LENGTH'S RANGE; MVTGM allows to penetrate into the depths of the Earth from a few centimeters to hundreds of kilometers; to construct three-dimensional mapping of thermo-geodynamic situations in space between 2D, 3D and 4D, ranked in terms of research tasks and services, allows you to search for anomalies of the temperature field of the Earth at depths from one centimeter up to 400 kilometers, that is, to identify areas of anomalies of mass and energy transfer in deep geological-geophysical layers of the Earth.

THE MVTGM TECHNOLOGY

3

The technology process is divided into three stages: The 1st step is getting ground, aviation and space video thermovision shots of redundant information through the use of:- several spectral ranges of video thermovision camera;- video thermovision camera with high spatial resolution;- video thermovision camera with a high temperature resolution;- multi-spectral instrument that allows determination of the polarization state of the investigated object, etc. The 2nd step is calculation in 2D, 3D and 4D space surround digital spatial model of the thermal field the investigated object layer by layer, until the desired depth. Using technology MVTGM which increase temperature sensitivity, the deeper layer from the initial 0.3 K to 0,000001 K worsens the spatial resolution of each layer with increasing depth. Thus, layer-by-layer penetration into the test object; next, determines the area of the anomalies investigated the temperature field of the object and form the criteria for the recognition of various images. 3rd stage - sectoral interpretation of synthesized technology MVTGM video thermovision photos with the criteria for recognition of various images and a priori information of the various branches of engineering: Geology and geological engineering surveys for construction of new railways and roads, as well as to diagnose the state of completed construction projects; Geophysics; hydrology; ecology; projections of natural and man-made disasters; exploration of natural resources (metals, hydrocarbons, water resources; uranium deposits); diagnostics of a condition of objects of power (CHP), hydropower (HPP), pipeline transport and power stations and networks.

THE MVTGM TECHNOLOGY

4

In general, work on engineering-geological surveys includes a series of studies, whose results and conclusions will be drawn and predictions:

1. The collection and processing of research materials from previous years. At this stage, the general characteristic of the study area and its geological conditions, the possible changes in topography and tracking the dynamics of change taking into account natural and anthropogenic impacts. The degree of knowledge of the territory directly affects the timing of engineering-geological surveys.

2. Decryption Aero - and cosmometrical. Here is the precise definition of the boundaries of landscapes and genetic types of Quaternary deposits. The author draws the boundaries of geomorphological elements and distribution of groundwater in them.

3. Reconnaissance surveys and stationary observations. They represent a visual assessment of the terrain and the existing buildings, pits or soil surveys. They are conducted to determine or clarify the physico-mechanical properties of soils, opportunities for further design of bases and foundations of buildings.

4. Risk and danger assessment from geological processes in seismically active areas or who have complex conditions with possible landslides, sinkholes or landslides. Compilation of water sources near the site of the research, and keep track of the dynamics of complex geological processes like karsts, landslides or seismic activity.

The composition of works on engineering-geological surveys

5

5. Study of the geological structure of the territory (excavation). This study is aimed at establishing or clarifying geological sections of this site, to identify the groundwater level and to perform the selection of soil samples for laboratory analysis, which will be identified by the properties and mineralogical composition. 6. Geophysical and hydrogeological research. Identification of lithological composition of rocks and the presence of aquifers. This is necessary for the subsequent calculation of drainage during the period of construction works7. Laboratory predictions on possible changes in geological conditions of the territory.8. Conclusional processing of materials. In the course of research, it is conducted for quality control of the work, upon its completion, all intermediate results are collected in the report on the basis of which we make predictions and conclusions required for the preparation of construction in the period of development of the project and working documentation.9. Preparation of the technical Report on the collected research materials.

The composition of works on engineering-geological surveys

6

In order to carry out complex work on the survey, the customer must have the documents, including:- Technical specification for surveys. It should reflect the amount of required surveys and their composition. Sometimes it is enough in the task to specify the parameters of the designed object, then the Organization itself will determine the amount of the geological survey and assess the required composition.- Topographic plan (geological) indicating underground facilities and existing communications. It is necessary for selection of site for well development, their proper indication on the map at construction of geological sections and subsequent safe drilling. If the topographical survey is missing, it is not the reason for failure to conduct surveys. However, it increases the risk of damage to the existing underground utilities.- A Contract is a binding document that spells out the terms of an engineering works, set their order, their cost is fixed and prescribes the responsibility of the parties. As a result of engineering-geological researches the Customer receives the full Report, which includes information on physical-geographical and industrial conditions of the construction site, the geotechnical conditions with all the characteristics of soils and assessment of foundation, the geological and topographic maps of the zoning of the site with all necessary data and tables. The cost of works will be determined in accordance with the technical specifications and package survey. It directly depends on the complexity of geological conditions of the building site. The price order for the execution of works on researches in the field of traditional geology directly depends on the amount of drilling operations. The time period of the research will depend on knowledge of the construction site and also depends on the number of boreholes.

Organization of engineering-geological surveys

7

The offered to you new technology MVTGM for geological surveys unconditional guarantees unconditional competence and reliability of the results. The ability of our experts in the studies of geology under construction has been proven many times in practice, so this difficult job will be entrusted to the experienced experts with serious professional reputation. The new technology MVTGM makes it possible to carry out the necessary research in the shortest possible time, to save time required for the development and preparation of Final Report, and significantly saving money (compared with the traditional technology of engineering-geological surveys). Fifteen-year experience of successful work of our organization in the field of construction expertise is the best argument for the most demanding customer.

Our geological surveys

8

geological and geophysical mapping with construction of bulk thermodynamic models:

zones of breaks and fractures, permeability zones, areas of landslides and hydrogeological conditions, areas of karst-suffusion manifestation; detection and mapping of landslides and karst voids, roads and railways destruction; solving problems of engineering geology for monitoring the condition of roads and

railways; the solution of problems of geological and geophysical underlay and environmental

safety of traces of roads and railways; mapping the location of roads and railways, including the facilities of transport and

on-site infrastructure (power lines, sewer systems, water lines, heating mains, etc.), attaching them to active fault zones;

examination and analysis of the technical condition of the completed constructions of roads and Railways;

examination and analysis of the technical condition of hydraulic structures

The proposed services offered for new construction of energy facilities

9

The selection of an industrial site during the construction of the hydro power plant on Sakhalin

At the stage of local geotechnical research MVTGM technology is required as one component of the scientific basis for planning and monitoring of activities on the use of the geological environment for industrial purposes, civil engineering and solutions in the complex anthropogenic and geoecological problems when selecting industrial sites during the construction of the power plant on Sakhalin. Not replacing the traditional geophysical methods and contact geothermal energy, MVTGM technology shows the engineering-geological environment in a new perspective and reveals some previously unknown to it features, and supplements the known. In this system, it manages to illustrate the essential role of neotectonics in engineering-geological zoning of all scale levels and the increasing need to study discontinuous structures and block joints with enlargement of scale zoning. According to some researchers, the modern structure of Sakhalin island has a mosaic character, as it was largely determined by the block (block) fragmentation of meso-Paleozoic base.

10

The selection of an industrial site during the construction of the hydro power plant on Sakhalin

From the point of view of tectonics, we consider Sakhalin as a special, very peculiar narrow (dagger form) geosyncline, which is located between two platforms: "far East" in the West and the sea of Okhotsk in the East. At the moment the whole geosynclinal region is experiencing a general uplift and is under the folding stage, which is uneven, but within the entire region. On the illustrations are presented synthesized according to the algorithm of the arithmetic mean of the character images of the South of the center of Sakhalin Island (block-fault structure) with a depth of 310 m and 975 m, respectively.

The synthesized image by the arithmetic mean algorithm - geostructure. The penetration depth of 310 m.

The selection of an industrial site during the construction of the hydro power plant on Sakhalin

The faults on Sakhalin are associated with seismicity, i.e. the exposure of the entire Sakhalin or separate areas to earthquakes, which have devastating effects and are unmatched among natural hazards. These faults were activated repeatedly during Cenozoic time and retain their activity at the present time. Latitudinal, relatively large faults, were rarely met on Sakhalin and studied not clearly enough. In this study was the first attempt of their research on MVTGM technology by satellite images in the Central part of Sakhalin Island.　　 From the point of view of the location of HPP we are interested in the amplitude of tectonic movements in the central part of Sakhalin, and still more in the district of Uglegorsk (Krasnopol) and Ilynskiy where comes the maximum gradients of motion and maximum lift at a speed of 2.5-3.5 mm.　 　 Essential components of monitoring of hazardous geological processes in the central part of Sakhalin Island by MVTGM technology is the prediction of the locations of occurrence of the most dangerous seismic processes - earthquakes and tsunamis (undersea earthquakes), and accordingly the siting of future hydro power plant at the greatest distance from their epicenters.

11

The selection of an industrial site during the construction of the hydro power plant on Sakhalin

Regional fault line at a depth of 2.1 km,

passing almost parallel to the Western coast of the Central part of Sakhalin Island in the Tatar Strait, significantly correlated with undersea earthquakes epicenters - foci tsunami, and the epicenters of earthquakes on land in a large part are in the area between two local faults from the East, passing through North and South of the city of Poronaysk, rests on the two already shown epicenters of earthquakes. The probability of occurrence of new earthquakes along these two local faults is excluded. It follows that the location of future HPP in Central Sakhalin needs to be chosen away from regional and local faults, especially not to get on the ends of local faults.

Overlaid image of foci of earthquakes geostructure with a penetration depth of 2100 m.

12

The selection of an industrial site during the construction of the hydro power plant on Sakhalin

It is likely that already at a depth of 7-10 km they merge into one powerful enough local fault, that stores the energy of elastic deformation, working in a kind of genetic connection with regional fault systems in the ocean, the Tatar Strait. In connection with the above, the most favourable from the point of view of geotectonics and places of occurrence of earthquakes and tsunamis is Ilyinsky district, the least of all is the area North of Uglegorsk (Shakhtersk). Areas of p. Vakhrushevo (East) and the city of Dolinsk occupy an intermediate position, but they are mostly Cretaceous sediments. With respect to the minimum of the action of earthquakes on land and sea and proximity to coal fields and transport it is recommended to choose the site of the future power plant to the South or East of Uglegorsk, block structure, the farther the better. The best option is the area south of p. Ilynskiy. In the area South p. Ilynskiy are powerful enough two local latitudinal fault zones at depths of 400-500 m, stretching East to West for a distance of not less than 2.5 km between them. The binding site of the future HPP should be scheduled on the block between these fault zones.

13

The problem of prevention and liquidation of emergency situations of technogenic and natural character

at power plants in Perm Region

The territory of the oil refinery JSC "Permnefteorgsintez" and TPP-9 are the discharge zones of the underground river "Paleo Kama", flowing at a depth of 1380 meters, the catchment area is the upper-Kama reservoir in the area of the river Chusovaya. Through the territory of TPP-9 and adjacent to the refinery site at a depth of 150 metres passes a fault zone of the Earth, riddled with underground waters of the river "Paleo Kama". As civil engineering structures, in particular gradeline installation of TPP-9, are built on the surface of the fault zones and are in the stress-strain state, they are subject to predesctruction.

14

Satellite image of the territory of the refinery and TPP-9 superimposed on the block-fault structure of the earth at a depth of 1380 m.

The problem of prevention and liquidation of emergency situations of technogenic and natural

character at power plants in Perm Region

15

In fault zones under the territory of TPP-9 during the period of operation of the refinery were formed underground tanks of large volumes of sludge, oil emulsions and gas formations that are moving towards the river Mulyanka. Fault zones at TPP-9 at depths from 10 to 30 meters are zones of permeability and have multiple outputs on the terrestrial river Mulyanka. At the same time, these fault zones are the objects of engineering structures of TPP-9.

Aviation picture of TPP-9 and the adjacent areas superimposed on the block-fault structure of the earth at a depth of 150 m.

The problem of prevention and liquidation of emergency situations of technogenic and natural

character at power plants in Perm Region

16

The tension of the foundations of engineering structures create forces of tension and compression of block structures, permanently active in fault zones. Dynamics of the intensive increases of fluidodinamica in the upper part of the fractures and on the surface of the earth. In the rift zones of crustal faults occurs unzip of environment, the weakening of the soil strength, the formation of dips and watering and, as a result, the subsidence of the foundations. In these conditions increases the likelihood of violations of the strength of properties of objects of civil engineering structures, underground and surface communications. The territory of the TPP-9 is heterogeneously active area and is still in the phase of sustainability. However, the activity of this area is increasing every year. The solution to the problems of prevention and liquidation of emergency situations of technogenic and natural character of the energy facilities in the Perm region today is an important direction for ensuring the public safety of the Perm region. The most appropriate ways of addressing the problems of emergency situations is the monitoring of territories, primarily the most dangerous objects. CJSC "IASI" ready to carry out these works.

The development of construction when creating large urban agglomerations on the example of Kazan

17

The development of the industrial construction especially in large urban agglomerations and preservation of cultural heritage, requires complex special studies of tectonic structures and their movements, as an independent form of hazardous geological objects and processes. A feature of these studies is that they practically are not adequately reflected in the normative-methodical literature on engineering surveys for construction. Methodology (a system and sequence of specific methods of geological, geomorphological, aerospace, geophysical and geodetic studies) developed and relevant areas of research have not found the proper implementation of engineering surveys. Hitherto, it was believed that the regions are distinguished by the structural-tectonic, region - by geomorphological and areas - lithological-genetic traits. The latest aerospace technology study - MVTGM revealed the commonality and unity that many geomorphological and even lithological-genetic elements are structurally conditioned, and all the main elements of the relief caused by neotectonics. Thus, they are the newest tectonic structures.

The development of construction when creating large urban agglomerations on the example of Kazan

18

All this can be taken into account when developing the fractional system of taxonomic units engineering geological zoning, including a sequence in the development of large cities as Kazan, based on the author's proposed technology of MVTGM. In this system, it is possible to illustrate the essential role of neotectonics in engineering-geological zoning of all scale levels and the increasing need to study discontinuous structures and block joints, clarifying the scope of zoning. A comprehensive study of the district of Kazan exposed to natural and anthropogenic forces that has both historical significance and modern practical application value. The intensity of seismic effects of natural and anthropogenic forces is determined by local tectonics, soil hydrological and geomorphological conditions. The change in surface water area of the Kuibyshev reservoir directly affects the position of the groundwater level in the Tatar village, and in the center of Kazan (on the ring), because the hydraulic connection of the water area of the Kuibyshev reservoir and water-containing strata direct deposits and affects the state of underground and surface engineering facilities of Kazan, including energy communications.

The development of construction when creating large urban agglomerations on the example of Kazan

19

A snapshot of the synthesized image of Kazan (historical center), superimposed on a picture of high resolution. Layer 05, N=50 m.

The development of construction when creating large urban agglomerations on the example of Kazan

20

The fault zone that passes through the presidential Palace in the Kremlin, the building of the Arbitration court, between city hall and the Kremlin in the street Kremlin, Black lake Park can manifest itself in the coming months. The manifestation of this fault in the form of breakdown between city hall and the Kremlin in the street of Kremlin with a diameter of 10 m and a depth of 8 m occurred on 9 December 2010, despite the repair work, the fault zone continues to the side of the Kremlin and city hall. These examples show the efficiency and practical value of the MVTGM technology to solve anthropogenic problems. Using MVTGM technology you can build volume 3D portrait of geological and geophysical underlay the historical center of Kazan, also the choice of new construction sites in the suburbs, which are known to belong to the zone of unstable moistening, characterized by unstable ratio of the receipt and expenditure of moisture. Thus, a very concise example of anthropogenic problems of construction and preservation of the cultural heritage of Kazan shows the geological structure of 2D, 3D and 4D MVTGM technology.

Technology MVTGM in developing schemes of networks of water supply systemsand sanitation on the example of Kazan

21

MVTGM is applicable for:

geological and geophysical mapping with building bulk of thermodynamic models: zones of breaks and fractures, zones of permeability, areas of landslides and aquifers; areas with karst-suffusion manifestation; the analysis of geological and geophysical state highways under construction and

operation of highways and railways, streets, and bridges with a build volume of a thermodynamic model for slopes and a combination of intersections with networks: heat, hot water, drinking and industrial water supply, sewage;

detection and mapping of landslides and karst voids and failures of roads and buildings;

search and mapping of underground rivers and underground stores of water, areas of flooding and flooding of famous rivers, lakes and ponds;

monitoring the location and condition of heat networks and sources of thermal energy generation;

detection and evaluation of possible destruction of buildings, roads and underground utilities, caused by geological faults;

Technology MVTGM in developing schemes of networks of water supply systemsand sanitation on the example of Kazan

22

MVTGM is applicable for:

objectives of geological and geophysical underlay and environmental safety development of new residential areas and transport infrastructure;

detect pre-failure and water leaks from water mains, water utilities and sewage networks;

mapping the location of buildings, roads, underground, sewer, water mains, heating mains and underground utilities, high-voltage transmission lines, etc. (review mode) by linking them to active fault zones;

evaluation of the technical condition of bridges, overpasses, and interchanges; search of sources of pollution in urban hydrography economy; search of sources of water supply.

Examples of networks of heat supply at the sites of future construction of Kazan based on the MVTGM data

23

Privolzhiskiy District,

"Berezovaya Rosha"

Privolzhiskiy District,

"Stariy Ipodrom"

Kirov District, "Zaryeche"

24

Promising sites for the construction of heat supply facilities of Kazan and evaluations by the MVTGM technology

25

The imposition of block-fault structure the scheme of heat supply of Kazan at a depth of 68 meters

26

The imposition of block-fault structure the scheme of heat supply of Kazan at a depth of 68 meters in the KTPP-2 area

КTPP-2

METHOD OF VIDEOTHERMOVISION GENERALIZATION MUKHAMEDYAROVA

420079, Russian Federation, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Street Zinin 9/23Tel/Fax: +7(843)238-37-38, +7(843)238-55-66E-mail: m.robert17@mail.ru