Metaphors presentation

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Learning a language is like obtaining the fragrance of a flower…

description

A simple presentation on metaphors which I made in the first semester in my university. Hope it helps.

Transcript of Metaphors presentation

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Learning a language is like obtaining the

fragrance of a flower…

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METAPHORS

Time is Money

“I’m tearing blood”

My love is like fire

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Introduction

• Metaphors are widely used in the English language. Its popularity has never ceased since its debut in the ancient days of Aristotle, and even beyond.

• Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (OALD): “Metaphors” is defined as “A word or phrase used to describe somebody/something else, in a way that is quite different from its normal use, in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful.

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Categories of metaphors• Linguistically, metaphors can be categorized into three main

areas, which are:-

• Metaphors as style in speech and writing a metaphor qualifies as an analogical style of writing. This enables

an expression, which can be either words or phrases, to suggest the similarities of an entity to another.

• Metaphors as foundational to our conceptual system metaphors serve to facilitate the understanding of an abstract

conceptual domain to a more familiar one.

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Types of Metaphors

1. Extended Metaphor (Telescoping Metaphor)

• used to extend or amplify the degree of a pre-existing metaphor

2. Metonym

• a new, original metaphor which is used to replace a rather clichéd one.

3. Mixed Metaphors

• Metaphors which do not have anything to do with one another and are put together

4. Absolute Metaphor

• a metaphor, as an image, overshadows its original situation.

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5. Implied Metaphor

• indirectly mean something, and this is usually, easily guessed.

6. Dead Metaphor

• overused and has lacked its lustre in its language, it is coined “dead”.

7. Dormant Metaphor

• formed when a sentence is incomplete.

8. Synecdoche Metaphor

• rather similar to implied metaphors. Unlike the implied metaphor which uses certain terms to indirectly represent something, a synecdoche metaphor is one which uses only a part of an object used to represent the whole.

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9. Root Metaphor

• enable other metaphors to take birth from them. • can be used as a form of generalization.

10. Active Metaphor

• often used in poetries and eloquent speeches to stimulate readers or listeners. It is new and not established.

11. Submerged Metaphor

• first part of the metaphor is implied

12. Dying Metaphor

• are too familiar to the extent that they are no longer used, but are used occasionally

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13. Conceptual Metaphor

• has many metaphoric meanings in them. The underlying meaning brings us a universal concept.

14. Pataphor

• are exaggerated to the extent where it is often illogical. 15. Simple Metaphor (Tight Metaphor)

• have only one meaning and one linkage.

16. Implicit Metaphor

• are used to show implications of one to another.

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17. Compound Metaphor (Loose Metaphor)

• In certain situations or cases, an author might need the help of more than one similar metaphor to bring volume to the existing meaning. Therefore, a compound metaphor is made up of more than one similarity.

18. Complex Metaphor

• is a multi-layered metaphor.

19. Primary Metaphor

• associate concepts that are equally basic in the sense that they are both directly experienced and perceived.

20. Conventional Metaphor

• commonly used in everyday language • We hardly noticed them as we do not know they are metaphors.

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Summary

• In Literature, or any other writings for that matter, do rely on the use of figurative writing.

• Figurative writing encompasses a wide area of subjects such as similes and metaphors.

• Through observation, it is found that there are similarities between similes and metaphors.

• However, their differences exist too.

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• For similes, words or links such as “as” and “like” are used. For metaphors, these two links are not used at all. Metaphors use “is”, “are”, or “am”.

• This makes metaphors more intimate and more expressive.

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THANK YOU