METALLICMATERIALSSPECIFICATIONHANDBOOK

METALLIC MATERIALS SPECIFICATION HANDBOOK FOURTH EDITION

Robert B. Ross Ross Materials Technology Ltd, East Kilbride, Glasgow

Volume I

SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.v.

First edition published in 1968 as Metallic Materials Second edition 1972 Third edition 1980 Fourth edition 1992

© 1968, 1972, 1980, 1992 Robert B. Ross Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1992 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 4th edition 1992

Typeset by MFK Typesetting Limited, Hitchin, Hertfordshire

ISBN 978-0-412-36940-7 ISBN 978-1-4615-3482-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-3482-2

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page.

The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data available

ContentsPreface to the fourth edition xi

How to use this book xii

1 Aluminium AI 11.1 General notes on aluminium 11.2 Notes on specifications and trade names 11A Aluminium - commercially pure - wrought and cast 41B Aluminium-manganese wrought alloys 10Ie Aluminium-silicon wrought and cast alloys 131D Aluminium-magnesium wrought alloys 19IE Aluminium-magnesium-silicon wrought alloys 28IF Aluminium-eopper wrought alloys 351G Aluminium-zinc wrought alloys 441H Aluminium alloys clad with aluminium 4811 Aluminium-magnesium cast alloys 511K Aluminium-silicon-magnesium cast alloys 541L Aluminium-eopper cast alloys 571M Aluminium-magnesium-zinc cast alloys 64IN Aluminium - miscellaneous alloys 66

2 Antimony Sb 682.1 General notes on antimony 68

3 Arsenic As 703.1 General notes on arsenic 70

4 Barium Ba 714.1 General notes on barium 71

5 Beryllium Be 725.1 General notes on beryllium 72

6 Bismuth Bi 746.1 General notes on bismuth 74

7 Boron B 767.1 General notes on boron 76

8 Cadmium Cd 778.1 General notes on cadmium 77

9 Caesium Cs (cesium) 799.1 General notes on caesium 79

10 Calcium Ca 8010.1 General notes on calcium 80

VI CONTENTS

11 Cerium Ce 8111.1 General notes on cerium 81

12 Chromium Cr 8312.1 General notes on chromium 83

13 Cobalt Co 8513.1 General notes on cobalt 8513A Cobalt alloys - wrought and cast 86

Columbium Cb - see Niobium Nb

14 Copper Cu 9414.1 General notes on copper 9414.2 Notes on specifications and trade names 9414A Copper - commercially pure - wrought and cast 9614B Copper-zinc wrought alloys 10614C Copper-zinc wrought and cast alloys 11814D Copper-beryllium wrought and cast alloys 12614E Copper-nickel wrought and cast alloys 12914F Copper-nickel-zinc wrought and cast alloys 13414G Copper-aluminium wrought and cast alloys 13914H Copper alloys for brazing fillers and fuse materials 14614J Copper sintered alloys 15014K Copper-tin wrought and cast alloys 15214L Copper-ehromium wrought and cast alloys 16514M Copper-silicon wrought and cast alloys 16714N Copper alloys - miscellaneous 169

15 Gallium Ga 17115.1 General notes on gallium 171

16 Germanium Ge 17216.1 General notes on germanium 172

17 Gold Au 17317.1 General notes on gold 173

17A Hafnium 17717A.1 General notes on hafnium 177

18 Indium In 17818.1 General notes on indium 178

19 Iridium Ir 17919.1 General notes on iridium 179

20 Iron Fe 18120.1 General notes on iron 18120A Iron - commercially pure 18220B Iron - cast 18420C Iron-nickel alloys - magnetic 197

2121.1

2222.1

2323.123A23B

2424.1

2525.1

2626.126A

2727.127.227A27B27C27D27E27F

2828.1

2929.1

3030.1

3131.1

3232.1

3333.1

3434.1

35

Lead PbGeneral notes on lead

Lithium LiGeneral notes on lithium

Magnesium MgGeneral notes on magnesiumMagnesium - commercially pure - wrought and castMagnesium alloys

Manganese MnGeneral notes on manganese

Mercury HgGeneral notes on mercury

Molybdenum MoGeneral notes on molybdenumMolybdenum - all alloys

Nickel NiGeneral notes on nickelNickel - notes on specificationsNickel - commercially pure - wrought and castNickel--ehromium wrought and cast non-ageing alloysNickel--ehromium wrought and cast ageing alloysNickel--eopper wrought and cast alloysNickel-iron alloysNickel - miscellaneous alloys

Niobium NbGeneral notes on niobium (also called columbium, Cb)

Osmium OsGeneral notes on osmium

PalladiumGeneral notes on palladium

Platinum PtGeneral notes on platinum

Plutonium PuGeneral notes on plutonium

Potassium KGeneral notes on potassium

Radium RaGeneral notes on radium

The rare earth elements

CONTENTS vii

202202

209209

211211213214

223223

225225

226226227

229229230231234242253256258

264264

266266

267267

269269

271271

272272

273273

274

viii CONTENTS

36 Rhenium Re 27636.1 General notes on rhenium 276

37 Rhodium Rh 27837.1 General notes on rhodium 278

38 Rubidium Rb 28038.1 General notes on rubidium 280

39 Ruthenium Ru 28139.1 General notes on ruthenium 281

40 Selenium Se 28240.1 General notes on selenium 282

41 Silicon Si 28441.1 General notes on silicon 284

42 Silver Ag 28642.1 General notes on silver 286

43 Sodium Na 29343.1 General notes on sodium 293

44 Steel 29544.1 The thermal treatment of steel 29544.2 Notes on specifications and trade names 29744A1 Steel- plain carbon 0.05--0.2 per cent 30044A2 Steel- plain carbon 0.25--0.45 per cent 33844A3 Steel- plain carbon 0.5--0.8 per cent 35644A4 Steel- plain carbon 0.8 per cent minimum 36444B1 Steel - low carbon with silicon 36944B2 Steel - medium carbon with silicon 37144C Steel - low and medium carbon with boron 37244D Steel-manganese alloys 37344E1 Steel - low carbon with chromium 37544E2 Steel- medium carbon with chromium 38044E3 Steel - high carbon with chromium 38444F1 Steel- low carbon with nickel 38844F2 Steel- medium carbon with nickel 39344F3 Steel-low carbon, high nickel- maraging 39544G1 Steel - low carbon with molybdenum 39744G2 Steel - medium and high carbon with molybdenum 40344H Steel - all carbon contents with tungsten 404441 Steel - all carbon contents with vanadium 40644K1 Steel - low carbon alloys 40944K2 Steel - medium carbon alloys 45244K3 Steel - high carbon alloys 47144L Steel-cobalt alloys 485

44Ml44M244Nl44N244N344P

4545.1

4646.1

4747.1

4848.1

4949.1

5050.150A

5151.151A51B51C

5252.1

5353.1

5454.1

5555.155A

5656.1

Steel- low and medium carbon, high chromiumSteel- high carbon, high chromiumSteel - chromium-nickel - austenitic wrought and castSteel- chromium-nickel- wrought and cast, age hardeningSteel - chromium-nickelSteel - high manganese austenitic

Strontium SrGeneral notes on strontium

Tantalum TaGeneral notes on tantalum

Tellurium TeGeneral notes on tellurium

Thallium TlGeneral notes on thallium

Thorium ThGeneral notes on thorium

Tin SnGeneral notes on tinTin alloys

Titanium TiGeneral notes on titaniumTitanium - commercially pureTitanium alloys - not solution treatedTitanium alloys - solution treated

Tungsten WGeneral notes on tungsten

Uranium UGeneral notes on uranium

Vanadium VGeneral notes on vanadium

Zinc ZnGeneral notes on zincZinc alloys

Zirconium ZrGeneral notes on zirconium

Appendix I Names and addresses of firms and organizationsAppendix II Conversion tables

Appendix IIA Temperature conversion tableAppendix IIB Strength conversion tableAppendix IIC Impact data conversion table

CONTENTS ix

496518524569573578

582582

583583

585585

586586

587587

588588590

594594595598602

606

606

610610

612612

614614615

618618

621626626628630

x . CONTENTS

Appendix lID Hardness and tensile values approximate conver­sion table for steel

Appendix lIE Thickness conversion table - approximateAppendix III List of elements with their symbols

Index

631633634

635

Preface to the fourth edition

It is now ten years since the third edition of Metallic Materials, and over twenty since the firstedition. Over this period the work has been extensively used as a comprehensive sourcebookby all those concerned with the use of engineering materials.

Since the third edition, there have been a number of basic changes in the methods ofspecifying materials. Probably the most important of which is the introduction of the UnifiedNumbering System (UNS). These codes are issued in agreement between the Society ofAutomotive Engineers (SAE) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM),and reflect the acknowledgement of a need for a numbering system with some logic. TheUNS codes have been issued to cover all the trade names, codes and specifications used inthe US, and cognizance has been taken of codes used in other areas. The codes have a letterprefix - A for aluminium, C for copper, etc. - followed by a 5 figure code. This refers to abasic analysis and lists US specifications and trade names covered by this analysis. Thisedition of Metallic Materials lists approximately 4,000 UNS codes and refers the readereither to the basic analysis for this code, or to one of the existing specifications or tradenames covered by the code.

In this edition steps have been taken to update the trade names and specifications, toeliminate mistakes, and to supply as much contemporary information as possible. The extentof the additions has made it necessary to examine the way that some of the specifications areknown under various designations, and the implications of this examination are explained inthe 'How to use this book' section.

The information in this book should not be used as an authority to use any material in lieuof a designer's specification. The information supplied is basic, and may constitute only thefirst step in identifying a possible, similar material. Further information will very often berequired.

In any book of this type there will be errors of omission and commission. I hope thatreaders who find any will contact either myself or the publishers, in order that the nextedition may be corrected.

Robert B. Ross

How to use this book

There are three reasons for using this book:1. to identify the chemical constituents and other properties of a trade name, speci­

fication or symbol applied to a metal or alloy;2. to obtain information on similar materials;3. to obtain a specification, trade name or symbol, for a material for which mechanical

and other properties have been identified.Set out below is an explanation of each of these three methods of access.

How to find a metal or alloy

The book is divided into 118 sections according to the primary constituent of the materialconcerned. At the back of the book the index lists the names of materials in numero­alphabetical order, i.e. with numbers taking precedence over letters. Thus, entry 0.0671appears before entry 15 Cr Mo 6, and this before entry A 32 STEEL, etc.

If the material is included in the book it will be found in the index. Where there is morethan one specification identification in common use, there will only be one entry in theappropriate section, with two or more entries in the index.

To save space in this edition, use has been made of the basic 'designation' used by theBritish Standard (BS) for a specific steel. The full title of a material might, therefore, be BS970817 M40. Under BS 970 the index will say 'see designation', and the reader should thenrefer to index entry 817 M40 (the designation), which, in this case, will refer to Section44K2. Once within the relevant section, the reader will find the composition and propertiesof the material in question, listed against the material's trade name or symbol.

With ASTM specifications the reader who has information on the designation alone willbe referred to the full specification and the section identity. Thus for a material of fullspecification ASTM A757 A1Q, the reader with the designation A1Q alone will findthemselves referred to ASTM A757 and then to Section 44A2.

Similarly, with DIN (German) and other national specifications such as 1IS (Japanese)and GOST (Russian), the designations alone may be found in the index referring the readerto the full specification and the section number.

With the UNS (Unified Numbering System) codes the reader will be referred to a 5-figurenumber with letter prefix. Having found this in the index, they will be referred to adesignation and then a section.

Thus the following types of entry will be found:

UNS S 30300 see designationS 30300 see 303303 Section 44N1

How to obtain information on similar materials

The 118 sections group materials by their chemical constituents. Thus, once a given materialhas been found, the reader will be able to identify other metallic materials having similar

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK . xiii

composition and mechanical properties, by looking at other entries within the same section.In this edition the constituent elements have been sorted to appear in the same order.

It must be emphasized that this book does not attempt to give equivalent specifications,but allows the reader to identify trade names and specifications where descriptive infor­mation can be obtained. It must be appreciated that where alloys exist, there may be anoverlap between sections, and the reader should also look at adjacent sections. This occursparticularly with Sections 44P, 44N2 and 44N3, where the overlap in analysis and theinformation from the supplier can result in apparently similar materials appearing indifferent sections.

How to obtain a specification

Each of the 118 sections begins with a list of information on the physical properties of themain constituent of the materials in the group (specific gravity, conductivity, expansion,etc.).

Along with the trade names and symbols, listed by section there is information on themechanical properties and chemical analysis of alloys in the groups. This informationenables the reader to identify a trade name, symbol or specification in line with theproperties required. Conversion tables and factors for all the common physical propertieslisted can be found in the Appendices.

It should be noted that many trade names and specifications in the book are no longercurrent, and the reader should therefore contact a reputable material supplier to ensure thatthe specification or trade name chosen is stilI in fact available. Appendix I lists the namesand addresses of suppliers and associations mentioned in the book.