Metal Hydride Storage – Future Technologies and New Advancements Matthew Baxley 3 December 2012...
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Transcript of Metal Hydride Storage – Future Technologies and New Advancements Matthew Baxley 3 December 2012...
Metal Hydride Storage – Future Technologies and New Advancements
Matthew Baxley3 December 2012
NPRE [email protected]
Overview of Metal Hydrides
-Potentially reversible storage medium for hydrogen
-Generally have good energy density, but specific energy is less than conventional hydrocarbons
- A variety of different materials-MgH
2
-LaNi5H
6
-NaAlH4
-Many others
Mechanism of Action
2/nM + H2 <=> 2/nMHn +ΔH Changing pressure and temperature will
cause the hydrogen to either be adsorbed or desorbed
Under low temperature or high pressure the hydrogen atoms can enter the gaps in the parent metal, forming a solid solution
Goals for a Hydrogen Storage Medium in Fuel Cell Vehicles
Yang, Wolverton, and Siegel, 2009
Note: Old targets (2003) were developed before widespread research into fuel cell vehicles and therefore necessitated assumptions
Goals for a Hydrogen Storage Medium in Fuel Cell Vehicles
Yang, Wolverton, and Siegel, 2009
Note: Old targets (2003) were developed before widespread research into fuel cell vehicles and therefore necessitated assumptions
Advances and Future Technologies
Proton Flow Battery
Metal Hydride-Carbon Compounds
Nanoconfinement of Light Metal Hydrides
Additional Uses
The “Proton Flow Battery”
Integrates a composite metal hydride with a reversible proton exchange membrane
Energy efficiency near that of a lithium-ion battery, but provides a hydrogen storage capacity of about 0.6% H2 (significantly more energy per unit mass).
Removes the need for an H2
gas intermediate
Andrews and Mohammadi (2014)
Metal Hydride-Carbon Compounds
Typical metal hydrides are a lattice of metal ions which form ionic bonds with hydrogen
Complex metal hydrides contain additional compounds and cause the hydrogen form covalent bonds with molecular anions containing the hydride
Complex metal hydrides provide additional options for metal hydride storageLiBH
4
NaAlH4
Excellent gravimetric storage capacity, but the kinetics of hydrogen release are too slow for practical applications
Metal Hydride-Carbon Compounds
Study performed by Lin et al. explores improving the complex hydride
NaAlH
4 with
Co/Carbon catalysts This Co/Carbon mixture is an effective catalyst
for the dehydrogenation of metal hydrides. Hydrogen spillover Nano-confinement Metal catalyzed hydrogen dissociation and
recombination
Nanoconfinement of Light Metal Hydrides
Jongh et al. investigate the applications of nano-sizing and scaffolding of light metal hydrides
Reducing the size of light metal hydride compounds to a nanometer range allows for much faster hydrogen adsorption and desorption
This relatively speedy reversibility is due to the nanoconfining of the metal hydride materials in a metal-organic scaffold
Additional Interesting Uses
Kim et al. - Metal hydride storage as a means to power cell phones – 22 L battery
Reissner et al. - Development of metal hydrides as a mean to power telecommunications satellites during the typical eclipse length of 72 minutes
Miura et al. - Hydrogen storage system using a CO adsorbant to significantly reduce potential incidental CO
2 emissions from fuel cells
References
Yang, J., Sudik, A., Wolverton, C., & Siegel, D. (2009). High capacity hydrogen storage materials: Attributes for automotive applications and techniques for materials discovery. Chemical Society Reviews, 656-656. Retrieved December 3, 2014, from http://www-personal.umich.edu/~djsiege/Energy_Storage_Lab/Publications_files/CSR_H2_storage.pdf
http://www.pragma-industries.com/products/hydrogen-storage/
Andrews, J., & Mohammadi, S. (2014). Towards a ‘proton flow battery’: Investigation of a reversible PEM fuel cell with integrated metal-hydride hydrogen storage. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1740-1751. Retrieved December 1, 2014, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319913027341
Lin, S., Yang, J., Kung, H., & Kung, M. (2013). Hydrogen Storage Properties of Complex Metal Hydride-Carbon Materials. Topics in Catalysis, 1937-1943. Retrieved December 1, 2014, from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11244-013-0130-2#page-2
Liu, J., & Zhang, W. (n.d.). Improvement on Hydrogen Storage Properties of Complex Metal Hydride. Retrieved from http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/38716.pdf
Jongh, P., Allendorf, M., Vajo, J., & Zlotea, C. (2013). Nanoconfined light metal hydrides for reversible hydrogen storage. MRS Bulletin, 488-494. Retrieved December 1, 2014, from http://onlinedigeditions.com/display_article.php?id=1422992