Metadata: Technolo gg,ical, Ethical and Legal Consequences
Transcript of Metadata: Technolo gg,ical, Ethical and Legal Consequences
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Presenting a live 90‐minute webinar with interactive Q&A
Metadata: Technological, Ethical g ,and Legal ConsequencesUnderstanding the Hidden Threat ‐ Best Practices to Manage the Risks
T d ’ f l f
1pm Eastern | 12pm Central | 11am Mountain | 10am Pacific
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 8, 2011
Today’s faculty features:
Robert D. Brownstone, Technology & eDiscovery Counsel; Co-Chair EIM Group, Fenwick & West,Mountain View, Calif.
Kris Haworth President The Forensics Group Petaluma CalifKris Haworth, President, The Forensics Group, Petaluma, Calif.
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Metadata: Technological, Ethical and Legal Consequences
Understanding the Hidden Threat –Best Practices to Manage the RisksBest Practices to Manage the Risks
Webinar – June 8, 2011
Kris HaworthKris HaworthRobert D. BrownstoneRobert D. Brownstone
© 2009©© 2011 by the respective presenters and their firms2011 by the respective presenters and their firms
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Agendag
I. INTRODUCTION
II. Day-to-Day Issues for Lawyers and Others
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• B. Demos of file-system data & embedded dataE y
• C. Track Changes
• D. Mitigation – scrubbing/cleaning . . . mining
• E. Redactions
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Agendag
III. Lawyer Ethics of Inadvertent Disclosures
• A. Day-to-Day
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IV. eDiscovery – Client-Created Files in Native
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• A. Overview of Law
• B. Demos of frequently arising issuesB. Demos of frequently arising issues
1. Altered or misleading metadata
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2. Warnings re: production stipulations
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I. INTRODUCTIONTo Scrub or Not To Scrub?To Scrub or Not To Scrub?
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II. Day-to-Day Issues –A Basics/DefinitionsA. Basics/Definitions
What is Metadata?
• Data About Data Contents
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• Data About Data Contents
• Dates and People Associated with Documents
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• Can be Helpful or Damaging
Example . . .
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II(A). Day-to-Day Issues –What is Metadata?
Data 65. Document Name: revenue.xls
What is Metadata? (c’t’d)
Workbook Format:
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Built-in properties containing metadata: 5
Application name: Microsoft ExcelE Application name: Microsoft Excel
Last print date: 4/30/2007 1:22:24 PM
Creation date: 4/30/2007 9:47:22 AM/ /
Last save time: 5/3/2007 11:49:58 AM
Company: TFG
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II(A). What is Metadata? (c’t’d) –It’s Only a Pointer
When a user opens a new document –
It’s Only a Pointer
creation date of January 1, 2001 assigned
When a user opens an existing file and saves it t l ti d t i d!
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After every print operation the user must “save” the file to have the operating system E save the file to have the operating system and application reflect this metadata change
What happens whenat appe s e
• duplicates are removed?
• a document has been copied and moved?
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a document has been copied and moved?
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II(A). What is Metadata? Metadata? (c’t’d) –
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II(A). What is Metadata?
*Metadata? (c’t’d) – * L. Stuart Ditzen, " ’You've got
evidence,’ " Phila. Inquirer (1/11/04)
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II(A). What is Metadata? Metadata? (c’t’d) –
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II(A). What is Metadata? Metadata? (c’t’d) –
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II. Day-to-Day –B Demos RecapB. Demos Recap
File system data
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Embedded data
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II. Day-to-Day Threats –C Tracked Changes
The Problem
C. Tracked Changes
• Embedded data can track/capture changes made, reviewers’ name and order in which changes made
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• Especially in Word when creator/modifier did not accept/
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reject tracked changes
• Embedded data’s biggest threat –"90[%] of documents in circulation 90[%] of documents in circulation began as something else" <http://news.com.com/2102-7344_3-5170073.html?tag=st.util.print> (citing Vanson Bourne study, "Cost of Sharing“)
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II(C). TrackedChanges Changes (c’t’d)
Hot button issue because recipient can manipulate Hot button issue because recipient can manipulate files to peel back onion layers by using either:
• 1) low-tech
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Excel, PowerPoint and/or Adobe Acrobat
• 2) higher-techE
scrubbing/cleaning software, by clicking on “analyze” or “content risk”
• 3) highest-tech• 3) highest-tech
eDiscovery software to extract – from one file or a batch of files – metadata in searchable form
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II(C). Tracked Changes –Lawyers
d fil
Lawyers (c’t’d)
LAWYER-created files . . . concerns:
• Documents drafted by one side
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Proposed Order e-mailed to Judge in W d W dP f f
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Word or WordPerfect format
Written discovery and/or discovery responses might (HAVE TO BE) be responses might (HAVE TO BE) be exchanged in Word or WordPerfect
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II(C). Tracked Changes –L
E-mail attachment to client
Lawyers (c’t’d)
• Draft of pleading or agreement
• Bill for services rendered
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Confidentiality Concerns for Legal and Sales:
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• Identity of other client/buyer/seller
• Fees charged other client/buyer
M i i liti Municipalities• Publicly posted Agenda,
Minutes or Ordinance
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Minutes or Ordinance
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II(C). Tracked Changes (c’t’d) –Cautionary TalesCautionary Tales
UN (Lebanese PM assassination), British PM’s Office ("Downing Street Memo"), Republican Social Security Administration, Democratic National Committee, California AG’ Offi MPAA d SCO G
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• Gene Koprowski, Networking: Not-so-secret documents, UPI (2/6/06) <http://www.physorg.com/news10567.html>
• Brian Bergstein, Bigger efforts made against embarrassing E Brian Bergstein, Bigger efforts made against embarrassing 'metadata', AP (2/3/06) <http://Bergstein-2-3-06.notlong.com>
• Dennis Kennedy, et al., Mining the Value from Metadata, (1/1/06) www.discoveryresources.org/featured-articles/from-the-experts/thinking-e-discovery-mining-the-value-from-metadata/print/
• Tom Zeller Jr., "Beware Your Trail of Digital Fingerprints," NYT (11/7/05) <http://Metadata-NYT-11-7-05.notlong.com> (quoting <http://www.un.org/news/dh/docs/mehlisreport>)
• Stephen Shankland, Hidden text shows SCO prepped lawsuit against BofA (c/net 3/18/04)
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II(C). Tracked Changes (c’t’d) –Mitigating RisksMitigating Risks
DO any or all of these steps:y p• properly accept/reject tracked
changes one by one or all at once
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• scrub before or during conversion to portable document format (.pdf)
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DON’T• hide them by choosing "Final" from hide them by choosing Final from
Word’s "Display for Review" toolbar
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II. Day-to-Day Threats –D Mitigating Risks
Microsoft menus and the like are inadequate
D. Mitigating Risks
• See Brownstone Bibliography linked here
So, especially for e-mail attachments, use ft th t k f t k d h d
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other metadata. Examples:
• Payne Consulting Group's (PCG's) Metadata E Payne Consulting Group s (PCG s) Metadata Assistant <www.payneconsulting.com/products>
• Workshare Professional 5.2 suite; or Workshare Protect 6.2 <www.workshare.com/products/wsprofessional>Protect 6.2 <www.workshare.com/products/wsprofessional>
• Esq Inc.’s Iscrub <esqinc.com/section/products/2/iscrub.html>
• Litéra’s Metadact <www.litera.com/products/metadact.html>
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II(D). Mitigating Risks (c’t’d) –Other Soft /Hard ware
Macs
Other Soft-/Hard- ware
• 3BView’s 3BClean <www.3bview.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62:technical-overview&catid=6:product-articles&Itemid=93>
W dP f t’ b ilt i f t
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• Sharon D. Nelson, SCRUBBING A MAC'S METADATA: A BIT OF A PUZZLER, Ride the Lightning (7/23/09) <ridethelightning senseient com/2009/07/scrubbingE <ridethelightning.senseient.com/2009/07/scrubbing-a-macs-metadata-a-bit-of-a-puzzler.html>
• Laura Acklen, Saving WordPerfect Files Without Metadata, Corel (last visited 7/28/10) <http://www.corel.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=Corel3/Section/Displ<http://www.corel.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=Corel3/Section/Display&sid=1047024315119&gid=1047024331836&cid=1144159894033>
• Richard M. Georges, Saving WordPerfect Files Without Metadata, FutureLawyer (7/23/10) <http://futurelawyer typepad com/futurelawyer/2010/07/saving-
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<http://futurelawyer.typepad.com/futurelawyer/2010/07/saving-wordperfect-files-without-metadata.html>
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II(D). Tracked Changes –Mitigating Risks
Goalkeeper Prompts – Example:
Mitigating Risks (c’t’d)
Goalkeeper Prompts Example:
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See generally “A Guide to Managing Metadata in
Today’s Law Firms,” Osterman (7/26/10)
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<workshare.com/collateral/researchstudies/A-Guide-to-Managing-Metadata-in-Todays-Law-Firms.pdf>
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II(D). Mitigating Risks (c’t’d) –Goalie Prompts Goalie Prompts (c’t’d)
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Also, “Reply to All” warnings
• See, e.g., <www.sperrysoftware.com/outlook/Reply-To-All-Monitor.asp>
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See also ARMA, “Blind Copy” Can Reveal Too Much, ARMA Newswire (12/1/10); AND auto-complete problem in Greg Mitchell, Email 'Oops' Ends with Gordon & Rees Being Booted
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from Case, LegalPad (12/29/10)
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II(D). MitigatingRisks
CAVEAT: "Mind the [Mobile] Gap"
Risks (c’t’d)
• Attachments created and sent – or forwarded – via: smartphones/ PDA’s; OR web access to e-mail, e g Outlook Web Access (OWA)
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See generally these Microsystems items:• Filling the Metadata Gap; The Next GenerationE g p;
of Metadata Risks & Solutions (3/31/10)
• Cathy Brode, The Often Overlooked
Mobile Security Gap, 3BView (12/15/09)y p, ( / / )
See also• Neil Squillante, Workshare Protect Server: Read Our
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Exclusive Report, TechnoLawyer Blog (4/15/10)
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II(D). Mitigating Risks (c’t’d) –Conversions into PDF
1. The Problem
Conversions into .PDF
• Some metadata migrates
J st p ess Ct l+D to
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see pre-conversion:
TitlE Title
Author, etc. . . . .
• For court warnings, see, e.g., Sharon D.
Nelson, Court Warns Lawyers to Scrub Metadata Before PDF Conversion, Ride The Lightning (2/25/10)
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II(D). Mitigating Risks (c’t’d) –PDF Conversions
Alabama Ethics Opinion < l b / /PDF/2007 02 df>
.PDF Conversions (c’t’d)
<www.alabar.org/ogc/PDF/2007-02.pdf>
Corn Growers letter<http://politechbot.com/docs/corn.growers.google.congress.061008.pdf>
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Washington, c/net (6/11/08) <http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-9965555-38.html?hhTest=1>
• Declan McCullagh, Secretive D.C. firm says corn growers‘ anti-Google letter is legit c/net (6/12/08)E Google letter is legit, c/net (6/12/08)<http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-9966971-38.html?hhTest=1>
• CNET, Daily Debrief: Corn farmers vs. Google (video re: "Farm lobbyist [sic] oppose Yahoo-Google ad deal")<http://video.techrepublic.com.com/2422-13792 11-205590.html><http://video.techrepublic.com.com/2422 13792_11 205590.html>
See also UK Register, Greek police cuff Anonymous spokesman suspect (12/16/10)
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II(D). Mitigating Risks (c’t’d) –PDF Conversions ( ’t’d).PDF Conversions (c’t’d)
Best to scrub metadata Best to scrub metadata BEFORE or DURING conversion to .PDF
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Or AFTER. Some help is here in Adobe 8, 9 or X("Examine Document")E ( Examine Document )
• <http://blogs.adobe.com/acrolaw/category/metadata-issues/>
• <http://help.adobe.com/en_US/Acrobat/8.0/3D/help.html?content=WS7E9FA147-10E3-4391-9CB6-6E44FBDA8856.html>
• <http://help.adobe.com/en_US/Acrobat/9.0/Professional/WS7E9FA147-10E3-
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4391-9CB6-6E44FBDA8856.w.html>
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II. E. ElectronicRedactionsRedactions
"Hidden" text may be search-able and copy-able for pasting
"Under seal" information or PII b d b f i d
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foe or neutral (court, e.g.) See generally Workshare, Meeting Regulatory E g y , g g y
Challenges: Metadata in Court Submissions (Apr. 2010) <www.workshare.com/collateral/researchstudies/MeetingRegulatoryChal
lenges-Metadata-in-Court-Submissions.pdf>
NEW! Debra Cassens Weiss, Tens of Thousands of Pacer Documents Could Have Failed Redactions, Study Suggests, ABA J. (5/31/11)
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II(E). Redactions (c’t’d) –Cautionary Tales
TSA redaction gaffe
Cautionary Tales
• PDF Itself with black boxes removed <http://cryptome.org/tsa-screening.zip>
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<http://www.betanews.com/article/The-PDF-redaction-problem-TSA-may-have-been-using-old-software/1260466899>E software/1260466899>
<www.computerworld.com/s/article/print/9142141/Analysis_TSA_document_release_show_pitfalls_of_electronic_redaction?taxonomyName=Security&taxonomyId=17>
<www wanderingaramean com/search/label/Screening% <www.wanderingaramean.com/search/label/Screening%20Management%20SOP> (linking to related posts)
• Satirical Video
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II(E). Redactions –SNAFUS
25 Things Facebook Couldn't Keep Secret In
SNAFUS (c’t’d)
Court, Information Week (2/12/09)<www.informationweek.com/shared/printableArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=PVULRFVJRLOT0QSNDLRSKHSCJUNN2JVN?articleID=214000046>
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courts/california/candce/5:2007cv01389/189975/474/0.pdf>
GE Suffers a Redaction Disaster, Conn. L.
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Trib. (5/28/08) ("sensitive information easy to access behind black veil")<www.law.com/jsp/lawtechnologynews/PubArticleLTN.jsp?id=1202421717785>
Error by FTC Reveals Whole Foods' Trade Secrets, AP (8/15/07) <www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2007/08/14/AR2007081401784_pf.html>
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II(E). Redactions –SNAFUS
AT&T leaks sensitive info in NSA suit, c/net (5/30/06)
SNAFUS (c’t’d)
• Linking to <www.politechbot.com/docs/att.not.redacted.brief.052606.pdf>
• IRONY . . . .
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• See <www nsa gov/ia/ files/support/I733 028R 2008 pdf>
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• See <www.nsa.gov/ia/_files/support/I733-028R-2008.pdf>
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II(E). Redactions –SNAFUS
More PDF Blackout Follies, Slashdot (6/22/06)
SNAFUS (c’t’d)
<http://it.slashdot.org/article.pl?no_d2=1&sid=06/06/22/138210>
linking to <www.sfgate.com/c/acrobat/2006/06/22/BALCO_quash_subpoena_sfchronicle.pdf>
Copy, Paste and Reveal, Legal Times (1/30/06) (U.S.
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UP report re: fatal shooting of Italian intelligence officer;
secret details revealed re: manning of security checkpoints) <http://Lesemann-1-30-06.notlong.com>E p )
See R. Brownstone, et al., Exposing Redaction, 9 No.
10 E-Commerce L. Rep. 7 (West Oct. 2007)f i k /d /P bli i /IP/IP b ll i /IP B ll i F ll 2007 df<www.fenwick.com/docstore/Publications/IP/IP_bulletins/IP_Bulletin_Fall_2007.pdf>
• Expanded version – Secrets Easily Leaked by Friend or Foe In Publicly Filed .PDF Documents, 13 No. 1 Cyberspace Lawyer 1 (West Jan./Feb. 2008) – available from presenter
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1 (West Jan./Feb. 2008) available from presenter
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II(E). Redactions (c’t’d) –Risk MitigationRisk Mitigation
DO’s:
• High Tech:
MS Word 2003 redaction tool [2007 tool
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not per MS; see <http://redaction.codeplex.com>]; OR
Acrobat Pro 8.0, 9.0 or X redaction toolE ,
• Low Tech:
print then black-out (or vice versa) print then black-out (or vice versa)
then scan
then OCR
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then OCR
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II(E). Redaction –Mitigating Risks
DON’T’s:
Mitigating Risks (c’t’d)
DON T s:
• Microsoft Word’s borders/shading
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• Microsoft Word’s highlighter
[UNLESS YOU THEN PRINT, SCAN & OCR]E [UNLESS YOU THEN PRINT, SCAN & OCR]
“PDF Redaction: What Every Business Should Know ” DocsCorp (Aug ‘10) Should Know, DocsCorp (Aug. 10) <docscorp.com/public/downloadTrial/RedactionWhitepaperPDFT.cfm>
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II(E). Redaction –Mitigating Risks Mitigating Risks (c’t’d)
TO LEARN MORE:• Rick Borstein, Rick’s Acrobat X Redaction Guide
http://blogs.adobe.com/acrolaw/2010/12/ricks-acrobat-x-redaction-guide/ (12/27/10)
• Rick Borstein, Acrobat for Legal Professionals,
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Rick Borstein, Acrobat for Legal Professionals, Redaction segment (last updated 6/27/10) <http://blogs.adobe.com/acrolaw/redaction/>
• Kim Walker, How to Keep Sensitive Data Blacked Out, Pa. Legal Intelligencer (3/19/10) <http://www law com/jsp/lawtechnologynews/PubArticE <http://www.law.com/jsp/lawtechnologynews/PubArticleFriendlyLTN.jsp?id=1202446452557>
• Free White Paper: PDF redaction: what every business should know, DocsCorp (12/11/09) <http://www.docscorp.com/public/downloadTrial/Reda
i hi fctionWhitepaperPDFT.cfm>
• Summary of changes from Acrobat 7; Top Features for Legal Professionals, Adobe (9/8/08)<http://blogs.adobe.com/acrolaw/A9_7-8-9-comparison.pdf>
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comparison.pdf>
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III. Ethics – Inadvertent Disclosure in General
Metadata ethics = subset of broader area of
Disclosure in General
Metadata ethics subset of broader area of
inadvertent disclosure in general . . .
Ethical duty of RECIPIENT attorney on receipt from
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ca du y o C a o ey o ece p o
opposing party of confidential information he/she
knows/should-know inadvertently sent
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• Ex. ABA Formal Op. No. 05-437 (10/1/05)
(applying Model Rule 4.4(b)(2002))
Onl d t is to notif sende Only duty is to notify sender
Replaced ABA Op. No. 92-368 (duty to notify
sender AND to follow sender’s instructions)
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III. RecipientDuty ( ’t’d)Duty (c’t’d)
≈ 19 “States” (incl. D.C.): Follow the ABA rule( )
≈ 8 States: Notify sender and
follow his/her
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instructions
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≈ 10 States: Various other
approaches
≈ 3 (e.g., Maryland): No duty to notify
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≈ 10 States: Silent on this issue
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III. Sender – PotentialWaiver for Clienta e o C e t
Potential consequences . . . 3 approaches:q pp
LENIENT Rarely ever waives Ex: Texas
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STRICT Always waives Ex: D.C.E y
MIDDLE C b b l i M t t t E CAMIDDLE Case-by-case balancing Most states. Ex. = CA
Waiver might expand to SUBJECT MATTER
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Waiver might expand to SUBJECT-MATTER
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III. Metadata in Lawyer-Disseminated eDocsDisseminated eDocs
Chart of nationwide metadata ethics ops : Chart of nationwide metadata ethics ops.:
<abanet.org/tech/ltrc/fyidocs/metadatachart.html>
In sum CANNOT UN-RING BELL:
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• "[W]ill have learned confidential information that cannot simply be erased from memory" E p y y
Formal Op. 2003-04, 2004 WL 837937 (NYC Ass’n B. Comm. Prof. Jud. Eth. 4/9/04) <www.abcny.org/Ethics/eth2003.html>y g
Magnified consequences of inevitable human error . . .
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III. MetadataExaminationExamination
RECIPIENTS RECIPIENTS . . .
One view – “Anti-Mining” = Treat
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like "inadvertently" disclosed i f i hi l i
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information – unethical to examine without consent of opposing counsel
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III. MetadataRecipient ( ’ ’d)
Anti-Mining View
Recipient (c’t’d)
Anti-Mining View
Examples:
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• N.C. 2009 Formal Ethics Op. 1 (Jan. 2010) <ncbar.com/ethics/ethics.asp?page=4&from=6/2009>
• W. Va. Bar Ass’n L.E.O. 2009-01 (June 2009) E ( )(no mining only if actual knowledge of inadvertence) <http://www.wvlawyer.org/leo1.php>
• N.H. Bar Ass’n Ethics Comm. Op. 2008-2009/4 (April 2009) <nhbar.org/uploads/pdf/EthicsOpinion2008-9-4.pdf>
• Az. Bar Ethics Op. 07-03 (Nov. 2007) <www.myazbar.org/Ethics/opinionview.cfm?id=695>
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III. MetadataRecipient
Other view – Metadata can be viewed
Recipient (c’t’d)
by opposing counsel; scrub it if you don't want it read. Examples:
Minn Op 22 (Mar 2010)
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(but a fact-specific question)
• Vt. Bar Ass’n Prof’l Resp.
E
Section Op. 2009-1 (Aug. 2009)
• Pa. Bar Ass'n Comm. on Legal Ethics & Prof Resp Formal Op 2009-100& Prof. Resp., Formal Op. 2009 100(June 2009) (but must notify sender)
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III. MetadataRecipient
OK to Mine (FUGHETABOUTIT!) (c’t’d)
Recipient (c’t’d)
( )
More Examples:
• Maine Bd. of Bar Overseers Prof'l
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Ethics Comm'n, Op. 196 (Oct. 2008)
• Md.S.B.A. Ethics Op.
E
No. 2007-09 (2006)
• ABA Formal Op. No. 06-442 (2006)
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III. MetadataSender
ALL OPINIONS AGREE . . . Example:
Sender
• “[D]uty . . . to use reasonable care when transmitting documents by e-mail to prevent the disclosure of metadata containing client
fid t ”
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NYSBA Op. 782, Comm. on Prof’l Ethics (12/8/04)
• “Reasonable care” factors:E • Reasonable care factors: subject matter
based on “template” used for other client
multiple drafts multiple drafts
comments from multiple sources
client has commented on document
Identity/ies of intended recipient/s
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Identity/ies of intended recipient/s
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IV. eDiscovery of Client-CreatedDocs. – Metadata Disclosed
A Overview of Law
Docs. Metadata Disclosed
A. Overview of Law
• Preservation/Spoliation
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• Discoverability
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• Inadvertent disclosure law
• Scope-of-Production
stipulations/agreements
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IV(A). Discoverability (c’t’d) –Older Case Law
When needed/relevant:
Older Case Law
/
• Ex: definitive eEvidence regarding alleged fabrication or back-dating
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alleged fabrication or back dating
Munshani v. Signal Lake Venture Fund II, 2001 Mass. Super. LEXIS 496 (10/9/01) < i ll k /liti ti / d h h i df>E <www.signallake.com/litigation/ma_order_munhshani.pdf>,
aff’d, 2004 Mass. App. LEXIS 323 (3/26/04) <www.signallake.com/litigation/Dismissal-of-Munshani-Appeal.pdf>
Premier Homes & Land v. Cheswell, Inc., 240 F. Supp. 2d 97 (D. Mass. 2002) <http://pacer.mad.uscourts.gov/dc/opinions/neiman/pdf/premierhomes%2012%2002.pdf>
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IV(A). Discoverability (c’t’d) –Later Decisions
FRCP Vague
Later Decisions
FRCP Vague
NEED to show NEED as to particular:
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• eDocument(s)
• format(s), e.g., spreadsheetsE format(s), e.g., spreadsheets Williams v. Sprint/United Mgmt., 230 F.R.D. 640 (D. Kan. 9/29/05)
(analyzing 12/1/06 version of FRCP; contrasting FRCP 26(b)(2)(B))
<http://Williams-9-29-05.notlong.com> (free via PACER)
Typically, NO DO-OVERS
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IV(A). Discoverability (c’t’d) –Case Law Developing
TO LEARN MORE
Case Law Developing
• Separate Brownstone slide deck available on request
• Libraries/Newsletters:
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<applieddiscovery.com/ws_display.asp?filter=Native%20Production%20Required>
<www.krollontrack.com/case-summaries/>
E
<https://extranet1.klgates.com/ediscovery/>
Compare EU Developments
• New Legal Metadata Standard: European Case Law Identifier (ECLI), Legal Informatics Blog (11/30/10) <http://legalinformatics.wordpress.com/2010/11/30/new-legal-metadata-standard-european-case-law-identifier-ecli/>
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metadata standard european case law identifier ecli/>
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IV(A). Inadvertent DisclosureStipulations QC etcStipulations, QC, etc.
FRCP & States’ Clawback Procedures
FRE 502, including collateral estoppel
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Three ways to exert best efforts to try to avoid a waiver finding:
E
• Stipulated Protective Orders
• QC/QA
• Claw-Backs
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IV. B. Demos of Frequently Arising Issues Arising Issues . . .
1. Metadata could have been altered
and/or otherwise be misleading . . .
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2. When, up front, you negotiate to
exchange in native, be aware of E exchange in native, be aware of
what you are getting into . . .
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Conclusion/Q&A/C I fQ&A/Contact-Info. One last scary thought:
• “alternate data streams (ADS)”
See, e.g., <informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=413685>
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Robert D. Brownstone, Esq. Kris Haworth President Robert D. Brownstone, Esq.
Fenwick & West LLP
Kris Haworth, President
The Forensics Group
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<fenwick.com/attorneys/4.2.1.asp?aid=544> <theforensics-group.com/about.html>