1. Chapter 5

2. Transition Reaction Pyruvic Acid Acetyl - Co A + CO2 + NADH C2H4O2 Chapter 5 3. Krebs Cycle Figure E.3, A29 Acetyl CoA Carbon Dioxide C2H4O2 to CO2 Energy produced/Acetyl CoA (x2 for /Glucose) 3 NADH 1 FADH 1 ATP Metabolic Wheel Fats, amino acids, etc. enter or leave Citrate is product of first reaction Simmons Citrate Media Chapter 5 4. Electron Transport Chain NADH oxidized to NAD FAD reduced to FADH Cytochromes shuffle electrons finally to O2 Cytochrome Oxidase important in G - ID H2O formed and ATP 3 ATP / 1 NADH 2 ATP / 1 FADH Chapter 5 5. Chapter 5 6. Chapter 5 7. Chapter 5 8. Chapter 5 9. Fermentation Products from Pyruvate Homolactic = Lactic Acid Yogurt, Lactobacillus Alcohol + CO2 Propionic Acid Butyric Acid Acetic Acid Succinic Acid Butylene to Acetoin basis for VP Test (Vogues-Proskauer) Chapter 5 10. Fermentation Products Alcohol and Carbon Dioxide Yeast mostly Lactic Acid Humans, muscles without oxygen Bacteria (Lactobacillus-yogurt) Butyric Acid Rancid butter, Clostridium-gangrene Acetoin Butanediol fermentation in Klebsiella Propionic Acid Swiss Cheese Chapter 5 11. Chapter 5 Fermentation in Yeast 12. Chapter 5 Fermentation in Muscle 13. Chapter 5 14. Chapter 5 15. Chapter 5 16. Figure 22-3: Summary of biochemical pathways for energy production 17. METABOLISME PROTEIN Katabolisme Protein Metabolisme Asam Amino Katabolisme Asam Amino Biosintesis Asam Amino Produk Khusus Sintesis Protein Proses Replikasi Proses Transkripsi Proses Translasi 18. FUNGSI PROTEIN Struktural Katalitik Transport Keseimbangan asam basa cairan tubuh Sistem pertahanan tubuh Pengendalian metabolisme (hormon) 19. PROTEIN : Polimer asam amino (polipeptida) Mengandung 4 kalori per gram BB 70 kg butuh 45 gr protein yg bermutu per hari untuk nitrogen balance Banyak protein dapat disintesis tubuh, beberapa harus tersedia dlm juml cukup 20. PENCERNAAN + ABSORBSI : Protein tidak diserap Protein menjadi asam amino, di, tripeptida Ensim pencernaan (protease) : pepsin (lambung) tripsin, chymotripsin, carboxypeptidase (pankreas) Villi usus halus + peptidase : hidrolisa lebih lanjut jadi aa bebas, peptida kecil masuk kedarah 21. PENCERNAAN & ABSORBSI PROTEIN 22. METABOLISME PROTEIN 23. METABOLISME ASAM AMINO 24. METABOLISME ASAM AMINO Metabolisme Asam Amino Katabolisme Asam Amino Katabolisme Atom N Transaminasi Deaminasi Oksidatif Pembentukan & Transport NH3 Siklus Urea & Gangguannya Katabolisme Atom C Biosintesis Asam Amino Produk Khusus 25. METABOLISME ASAM AMINO 26. STRUKTUR ASAM AMINO 27. KESEIMBANGAN NITROGEN N positif (sintesis > katabolisme) mis. pertumbuhan, penyembuhan,hamil N seimbang (sintesis = katabolisme) mis. dewasa normal, sehat N negatif (sintesis < katabolisme) mis. kelaparan, sakit 28. KATABOLISME ASAM AMINO 29. KATABOLISME ATOM N Transaminasi Deaminasi oksidatif Produksi dan transport amonia (NH3) Siklus urea 30. KATABOLISME ATOM N Ureotelik : mamalia urea Urikotelik : reptil, burung asam urat Ammonotelik : ikan bertulang amonia 31. TRANSAMINASI Asam amino alfa ketoglutarat CO2 Asam alfaketo L-Glutamat Urea NH3 32. R-CH-NH2 R-C=O | | HOOC HOOC R`-C=O R`-CH-NH2 | | HOOC HOOC 33. O O C- NH2 C - OH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 H -C- NH2 H - C- NH2 COOH COOH Glutamin Glutamat 34. PEMBENTUKAN UREA 35. PEMBENTUKAN UREA 36. PEMBENTUKAN UREA 37. GANGGUAN PADA SIKLUS UREA UCD Enzyme deficiency Hyperammonemia type I 1 Hyperammonemia type II 2 Citrulinemia 3 Arginino suksinat aciduria 4 Hyperargininemia 5 38. KATABOLISME ATOM C 39. ASAM AMINO Glikogenik Ketogenik campuran ala hip leu ileu arg met lis asp pro fen sis ser tir glu treo trip gli val his 40. Alfaketoglutarat oksaloasetat sitrat Suksinil koA fumarat glu Arg His Gln pro Ile Met val Asetil koA tir phe asp asn Asetoasetil KoA Leu Lis phe Trp Tyr pir Ala ser Cys thr Gly trp hyp Ile Leu Trp tir hil sis 41. Gangguan Metabolisme A A Nama Penyakit Gangguan Glisinuria glisin Hiperoksaluria primer Fenilketonuria fenilalanin Tirosinosis,Tirosinemia, tirosin Alkaptonuria Histidinemia,Imidazol- histidin aminoaciduria Prolinemia,Hidroksiprolin- prolin,hip emia 42. Nama Penyakit Gangguan Hiperlisinemia,Hiper- lisin lisinemia persisten Sistinuria,Sistinosis, sistein, metionin Homosistinuria Hipervalinemia,Maple leusin,valin, syrup urine disease, isoleusin Intermitent branched chain ketonuria,Isovale- ricacidemia 43. Nama Penyakit Gangguan Hartnup`s disease triptofan 44. BIOSINTESIS ASAM AMINO 45. BIOSINTESIS ASAM AMINO 46. PRODUK KHUSUS DARI ASAM AMINO