Merneptah Stele (aka the Menetaph Stele, aka Israel Stele)
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Transcript of Merneptah Stele (aka the Menetaph Stele, aka Israel Stele)
Merneptah Stele
(aka the Menetaph Stele, aka Israel Stele)
Merneptah Stele
• Dated to 1209/1208 BCE
• Inscription by the Ancient Egyptian king Merneptah (reign:1213 to 1203 BC)
• Found at Thebes
Merneptah Stele
• “Canaan is captive with all woe. Ashkelon is conquered, Gezer seized, Yanoam made nonexistent; Israel is wasted, bare of seed.”
Merneptah Stele
• The determinative accompanying Gezer, Ashkelon and Yanoam indicate they are city-states.
• The determinative accompanying Israel indicates it is a foreign people, perhaps a nomadic tribe.
Merneptah Stele
• Scholarly debate about translation for I.si.ri.ar. Some scholars suggest it doesn’t refer to Israel but Jezreel.
• Only known Egyptian reference to the Israelites
• Earliest known reference to the Israelites
Mesha Stele
Mesha Stele
• Commemorates the victory of Mesha, a Moabite king, over Omri the king of Israel.
• Dated to 840 BCE
Tel Dan Stele
Tel Dan Stele
• Aramaic inscription• King of Damascus, Hazael, commemorates a
victory over Israel.• The inscription includes the phrase, ‘House of
David’.• Dated to 9th or 8th century BCE