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Covalent
Bonding(IV)
Thepotentialenergyofasystemofcovalentlyinteracting
atomsdependnotonlyonthe
distancesbetweenatoms,but
alsoonanglesbetweenbonds
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aterialsScienceandEngineering
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ERROR: stackunderflow
OFFENDING COMMAND: ~
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BulkorV
olumeDefects
Pores-cangreatlyaffectoptical,thermal,
mechanicalproperties
Cracks-cangreatlya
ffectmechanicalproperties
Foreigninclusions-cangreatlyaffectelectrical,
mechanical,opticalpropertiesA
clusterofmicrocracksina
melaningranuleirradiatedby
ashortlaserpulse.Computer
simulationbyL.V.Zhigilei
andB.J.Garrison.
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aterialsScienceandEngineering
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AtomicVibrations
Heatcausesatomstovibrate
Vibrationamplitudeincreaseswithtemperature
Meltingoccurswhenvibrationsaresufficientto
rupture
bonds
Vibrationalfrequency~1013Hz
Averageatomicenergyduetothermalexcitationisof
orderkTUn
iversityofVirginia,Dept.ofMaterialsScienceandEngineering
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Summary
Makesureyouunderstandlanguageandconcepts:
Alloy
Atompercent
Atomicvibration
Boltzm
annsconstant
Burgersvector
Composition
Disloc
ationline
Edgedislocation
Grainsize
Imperfection
Interstitialsolidsolution
Microstructure
Pointdefect
Screw
dislocation
Self-In
terstitial
Solidsolution
Solute
Solven
t
Substitutionalsolidsolution
Vacancy
Weigh
tpercent
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UniversityofVirginia,Dept.ofMaterialsScienceandEngineering
IntroductionToMaterialsScience,Chapter4,Imperfectionsinsolids
Readingfornextclass:
Chapter5:Diffusion
DiffusionMechanism
s(vacancy,interstitial)
Steady-StateDiffusion(Ficksfirstlaw)
FactorsThatInfluenc
eDiffusion
OtherDiffusionPaths
Optionalreading(Partthatis
notcovered/nottested):
5.4Nonsteady-statediffusion
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aterialsScienceandEngineering
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