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Mentors: Archil Gegeshidze Vladimer Papava Alexander ... · a.S.) SekeTeba. Sedegis misaRwevad ki...
Transcript of Mentors: Archil Gegeshidze Vladimer Papava Alexander ... · a.S.) SekeTeba. Sedegis misaRwevad ki...
saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi
CAPACITY‐BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED
DECISION‐MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS
winamdebare gamocemaSi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi
Seiqmna proeqtis _ `saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli
SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da
molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi~ _ farglebSi. yvela
dokuments Tan axlavs reziume inglisur enaze, sadac mokled aris
gadmocemuli ZiriTadi daskvnebi.
The Public Policy Paper Series 2011 includes six policy documents
developed within the Capacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership
Community (CBGL) project. The English-language version of each policy
paper summary can be found at the end of the publication.
proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saerTaSoriso
ganviTarebis saagentos finansuri mxardaWeriT
The Project is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency
samecniero xelmZRvanelebi: arCil gegeSiZe vladimer papava aleqsandre rondeli
Mentors: Archil Gegeshidze Vladimer Papava Alexander Rondeli
redaqtori: rusudan margiSvili
Editor: Rusudan Margishvili
teqnikuri redaqtori: artem meliq-nubarovi
Technical Editor: Artem Melik-Nubarov
saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso
urTierTobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe wignis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos nebismieri, maT Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formiT.
© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa kvlevis fondi 2011 weli
All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher
Copyright © 2011 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies
proeqtis Sesaxeb
programa ,,saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda
gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi” miznad isaxavs
daexmaros saqarTvelos mTavrobas marTvis sferoSi arsebuli problemebis daZlevaSi.
proeqti iTvaliswinebs saSualo rgolis sajaro moxeleTa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
warmomadgenelTa CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmarTvis teqnikis
dasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebSi. es mecadineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrove
midgomebis danergvas qarTul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikaSi, aramed
saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas.
proeqti aseve xels Seuwyobs qarTvel sajaro moxeleTaTvis marTvis Tanamedrove
midgomebis Sesaxeb codnis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas.
programas afinansebs SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento (SIDA) da
axorcielebs saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fondi
(GFSIS). am proeqtis farglebSi GFSIS -is ZiriTadi partniorebi arian SvedeTis sajaro
administraciis instituti (SIPU International) da estoneTis diplomatiis skola (EDK).
programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmarTvelobis kulturis Camoyalibebas, romelic aris
angariSvaldebuli da iTvaliswinebs qarTuli sazogadoebis saWiroebebs. garda amisa,
programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis miRebis sferoSi qarTuli mmarTvelobis
SesaZleblobebis gaZlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi gaxdes ufro
gamWvirvale da iyos moqnili garemoebaTa cvlilebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis
gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifo moxeleTa SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, raTa saqarTvelo ukeT
warmoCndes saerTaSoriso doneze sxva saxelmwifoebTan Tu saerTaSoriso
organizaciebTan urTierTobisas.
programa xorcieldeba oTxi wlis manZilze (2009-2013 ww.) da Sedgeba Semdegi oTxi
komponentisgan:
sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli momzadeba politikis analizisa da molaparakebebis teqnikaSi.
konkursis gziT SerCeul qarTvel sajaro moxeleebs qarTveli, estoneli da Svedi
eqspertebi eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi Cautareben mecadineobas sajaro politikis analizisa
da molaparakebis teqnikis Sesaswavlad. amasTan, monawileebi SeimuSaveben politikis
dokuments qveynisaTvis aqtualur sakiTxebze. am procesSi maT uxelmZRvaneleben GFSIS-
is eqspertebi. politikis dokumentebis dasrulebis Semdeg moxdeba maTi sajaro ganxilva
da xuTi saukeTeso naSromi gamoicema. programis am komponents daasrulebs saswavlo-
gacnobiTi viziti estoneTSi. programis farglebSi swavlebis kurss gaivlis sajaro
moxeleTa xuTi jgufi/nakadi. TiToeul jgufSi iqneba daaxloebiT ocdaxuTi monawile.
trenerTa momzadebis (ToT) komponentis farglebSi qarTveli specialistebi qarTul enaze
SeimuSaveben saswavlo programebsa da saswavlo masalebs sajaro administraciis,
molaparakebis teqnikis, genderisa da mravalferovnebis, xarjTsargeblianobis, proeqtis
marTvisa da Sefasebis sferoebSi. dagegmilia programis bolo ori nakadisTvis swavlebis
qarTul enaze Catareba.
adamianuri resursebis marTvis komponenti moicavs qarTul sajaro samsaxurSi adamianuri
resursebis marTvaSi CarTul profesionalTa Soris Tanamedrove praqtikis danergvis
xelSewyobas. am komponentis meore amocanaa adamianuri resursebis marTvis sferoSi
maRalkvalificiuri swavlebisaTvis adgilobrivi SesaZleblobebis gazrda.
sajaro politikis qseli miznad isaxavs sajaro politikis sferoSi samTavrobo
struqturebis warmomadgenlebsa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebas Soris aqtiur
TanamSromlobas da informaciis gaziarebas proeqtis vebgverdis Seqmnisa da
kursdamTavrebulTa prfesiuli qselis Camoyalibebis gziT.
ABOUT THE PROJECT
“Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making and Negotiation Skills” is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges. This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets, proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle level public servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service training in policy development and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public administration and public policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy documents on the issues of national importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consistent with and supportive of principles of gender and diversity equality. The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). The Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (GFSIS), along with its principal partners - the Swedish Institute for Public Administration (SIPU International) and the Estonian School of Diplomacy (ESD), is the main implementer of the program. The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting the needs of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian government capacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flexibility in responding to the changing circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation among the Georgian public sectors and the country’s interaction with other states and international organizations. The program, which will be implemented during four years (2009 – 2013), includes the following components: Training for government officials in policy and negotiation techniques - Selected Georgian public servants will complete an eight-month intensive training program in public administration, policy planning and negotiation techniques. Georgian, Swedish and Estonian experts will conduct the training. Furthermore, under the guidance of GFSIS mentors, the participants will work on the issues pertinent to the country development policy. The training will be followed by a public discussion of the policy papers and a study visit to Estonia. The best five papers will be published in Georgian and in English. There will be five training groups in total with approximately 25 participants in each group. The training of trainers (ToT) component - Through the project's training of trainers (ToT) component, Georgian professionals will develop the Policy and Negotiations Training Program curriculum and teaching materials in Georgian. Topics covered under this training include Public Administration, Public Policy Planning, Negotiation Techniques, Gender and Diversity, Cost Benefit Analysis, Project Management/Change Management and Program Evaluation. Under the project framework, professional training programs will be implemented in the above listed fields for Georgian government employees and civil society representatives in the Georgian language. Professional development training for HR managers - The project's HR component aims to provide knowledge in modern Human Resources Management (HRM) practices among Georgian HR-managers within line ministries and other governmental agencies. A second objective of the component is to build domestic capacity to deliver high quality training in HRM. The component will include needs-based training sessions on professional development and a study visit to Sweden. A knowledge and resource sharing component - This component is aimed to promote greater communication, knowledge sharing, consultation and collaboration among public-policy stakeholders across the Government of Georgia and civil society through establishing a project's website and organizing number of alumni retreats.
saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis ganviTarebis gamowvevebi da perspeqtiva saqarTveloSi
mamuka CixlaZe
saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis saministros
infrastruqturis departamentis ufrosi specialisti
r e z i u m e
saxelmwifosTvis mniSvnelovani da prioritetulia aRmosavleT-dasavleT
Cqarosnuli avtomagistralis mSenebloba sarfidan (TurqeTis sazRvari) wiTel xidamde
(azerbaijanis sazRvari) da sadaxlomde (somxeTis sazRvari), Tbilisis gavliT. es
avtomagistrali satransporto derefans daakavSirebs Savi zRvis navsadgurebTan
(foTis da baTumis navsadgurebi) da uzrunvelyofs regionSi saavtomobilo gzebze
moTxovnis dakmayofilebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, daexmareba qveynis satranzito
potencialis amaRlebas, saerTaSoriso vaWrobisa da turizmis ganviTarebas.
dReisaTvis Tbilisidan goramde gayvanilia 80 km. sigrZis 4-zoliani Cqarosnuli
avtomagistrali, reabilitacia-perioduli SekeTebis samuSaoebi Cautarda 2 300 km-mde
saavtomobilo gzas. aqedan 2008 wels gakeTda 11 km. gza da reabilitacia Cautarda 335
km. saavtomobilo gzas, xolo 2009 wels aSenda 48 km. saavtomobilo gza da 10 xidi,
aseve reabilitacia Cautarda 630 km. saavtomobilo gzas da 108 xids.
2004 wlidan dRemde gzebis mSeneblobis, reabilitaciisa da movla-Senaxvis
samuSaoebze 1,5 miliard larze meti daixarja.
2010 wels sveneTi-ruisis monakveTze aSenda 20 km. Cqarosnuli avtomagistrali,
aseve md. liaxvze 880-metriani xidi-estakada da 800-metriani gvirabi; sareabilitacio
da perioduli SekeTebis samuSaoebi ki Cautardeba 550 km saavtomobilo gzas.
garda gzebis mSenebelobisaTvis erTjeradad gaweuli didi fuladi
danaxarjebisa, aucilebelia Tanamedrove standartebis Sesabamisi iseTi sagzao
infrastruqturis SemoReba da movla-Senaxva, romelic, erTi mxriv, iqneba usafrTxo,
gamarTuli da momxmareblis moTxovnebis Sesaferisi, xolo meore mxriv, misi Senaxva
qveyanas ar Seuqmnis did finansur sirTuleebs.
uwinares yovlisa, aucilebelia Sedegze orientirebuli sistmis Seqmna, rac
niSnavs Sedegze orientirebuli xelSekrulebis gaformebas kontraqtorTan.
xelSekrulebaSi sworad unda iyos gansazRvruli is pirobebi, romelTa dacviTa da
SenarCunebiT uzrunvelyofili iqneba saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis kargi
mdgomareoba, sagzao usafrTxoeba da maRali gamtarunarianoba. dReisaTvis arsebuli
pirobebiT kontraqtis safuZvels warmoadgens dazianebuli gzis (bzarebis, ormoebis da
a.S.) SekeTeba. Sedegis misaRwevad ki saukeTeso gamosavalia Sedegze orientireba da
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kontraqtoris daqiraveba ara imisTvis, rom dazianebuli SeakeTos, aramed imisTvis, rom
iseTi gzebi gakeTdes, sadac saerTod ar warmoiqmneba aseTi dazianebebi.
amgvari xelSekruleba uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis
karg mdgomareobas, magram Seicavs garkveul damatebiT danaxarjs. saavtomobilo gzebis
movla-Senaxvis dafinansebis sakiTxis mogvarebisaTvis arsebobs ramdenime
alternatiuli gza, kerZod:
arsebuli mdgomareobis SenarCuneba – saxelmwifo biujetidan saavtomobilo
gzebis movla-SenaxvisTvis saWiro xarjebis gaweva da finansebis wyaroebis moZieba;
mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis – mosakreblis sistemis
danergva, Tanamedrove gamocdilebis Sesabamisad, magaliTad, VIGNETTE-is sistema,
romelic aris unificirebuli da gamartivebuli, moqnili da iafi. sistemis SeqmnisTvis
saWiroa Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo cvlileba, infrastruqturuli uzrunvelyofa da
Sedegiani administrireba.
saavtomobilo gzebis koncesia – saavtomobilo gzebis gadacema koncesiiT.
Sedegad saxelmwifos aRar eqneba xarjebi saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis
movla-SenaxvisaTvis, aseve gaumjobesdeba da SenarCundeba saavtomobilo gzebis kargi
mdgomareoba da usafrTxoebis maRali done, Tumca saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyeneba
gaxdeba fasiani, ramac SesaZloa uaryofiTad imoqmedos qveynis satranzito
potencialze.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia SemuSavdes sistemuri
midgoma saavtomobilo gzebis Semdgomi ganviTarebisa da movla-SenaxvisaTvis, raTa
Tanamedrove gamowvevebis Sesabamisad dakmayofildes arsebuli moTxovnebi da xeli
Seewyos saqarTveloze gamavali satransporto derefnis konkurentunarianobis
amaRlebas.
S e s a v a l i
istoriuli mimoxilva. saqarTvelos geopolitikuri mdebareobisa da mTagoriani
reliefis gaTvaliswinebiT, saerTaSoriso da Siga gadazidvebisTvis yvelaze
xelmisawvdomi da efeqtiani saSualebaa avtosatransporto gadazidvebi. Cveni qveynis
mTavari satranzito magistralebi _ e-60, e-70, e-97 da e-117 _ evropa-kavkasia-aziis
satransporto qselSi erT-erTi yvelaze perspeqtiuli satranzito marSrutebia.
saqarTvelo warmoadgens gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis evropis ekonomikuri
komisiis transevropuli, CrdiloeT-samxreTis avtomagistralebis (TEM), aziis
magistraluri qselisa (AH) da evropa-kavkasia-aziis satransporto derefnis (REACECA)
proeqtebis wevr qveyanas.
ekonomikuri aspeqtebi. sagzao aqtivebis marTva aris infrastruqturis, efeqtiani
movla-Senaxvis, gaumjobesebisa da operirebis sistemuri procesi, romelic aerTianebs
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sainJinro principebs, biznespraqtikasa da ekonomikur Teorias. sagzao seqtorSi
ganxorcielebuli yoveli investicia sasargebloa socialurad da ekonomikurad.
sakanonmdeblo baza. dReisaTvis qveyanaSi ar arsebobs saavtomobilo gzebis
movla-Senaxvis dafinansebisaTvis sagangebo raime politikis dokumenti da xarjebis
gaweva xdeba centraluri da municipaluri biujetebidan. aseve ar aris SemuSavebuli
movla-Senaxvis xelSekrulebis proeqti.
miznebi. politikis dokumentis mTavar mizans warmoadgens sagzao
infrastruqturis ganviTarebis efeqtiani dagegmva xarjTsargeblis analizis
gaTvaliswinebiT. aseve, dokumentis mizania uzrunvelyos saavtomobilo gzebis
infrastruqturis kargi mdgomareoba da Sesabamisi movla-Senaxvis dafinanseba, raTa
dakmayofildes Tanamedrove gamowvevebis Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso standartebisa da
sagzao infrastruqturis momxmarebelTa moTxovnebi da xeli Seewyos qveynis
infrastruqturisa da zogadad, ekonomikis ganviTarebas.
amocanebi. politikis dokumentis farglebSi gamovlenili yvelaze optimaluri
alternativis realizebis Sedegad misaRwevi da dasaxuli amocanebia:
• avtomanqanis saeqspluatacio xarjebis Semcireba gzis swor safarze cveTis
Semcirebis Sedegad;
• gzis movla-Senaxvis xrjebis Semcireba, radgan gaumjobesebuli gzis safari
movla-Senaxvis minimalur xarjebs moiTxovs;
• mgzavrobis drois Semcireba, gaumjobesebul gzaze saoperacio siCqaris
gazrdis pirobebSi;
• ubeduri SemTxvevebis riskis Semcireba, radgan gzebze gaizarda
saeqspluatacio maCveneblebi;
• jansaRi garemos xelSewyoba – gamonabolqvis Semcireba gzis swor safarze
naklebi winaRobis gamo;
• regionuli infarstruqturis, vaWrobisa da soflis meurneobis ganviTareba;
• dasaqmeba, socialuri garemos gaumjobeseba;
• turizmis ganviTareba.
meTodologia. politikis dokumentSi gamoyenebuli meTodologia daefuZvna
arsebuli literaturisa da praqtikuli masalebis gacnobasa da mimoxilvas, internet-
resursebis moZiebas, dargSi saukeTeso gamocdilebis gaziarebas, sxva qveynis
magaliTebis Seswavlas, qveyanaSi moqmedi dargis specialistebTan interviuebs,
saerTaSoriso eqspertebTan interviuebs, qveyanaSi arsebuli oficialuri statistikuri
monacemebis gacnobasa da, kvlevis interesebis Sesabamisad, maT informaciul
damuSavebas.
SezRudvebi. qveyanaSi dReisaTvis ar arsebobs praqtikuli gamocdileba da arc
Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo baza, rac gaaadvilebda da xels Seuwyobda saavtomobilo
gzebis movla-Senaxvis dafinansebis sakiTxis mogvarebis procesis warmatebiT
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realizebas, aseve SezRudvaa isic, rom ar aris Camoyalibebuli saxelmwifo politikuri
xedva da problemis mogvarebis prioritetuli gza.
p r o b l e m i s a R w e r a
dReisaTvis mimdinareobs aRmosavleT-dasavleTis Cqarosnuli avtomagistralis
mSenebloba, romelic moicavs ramdenime ukve dasrulebul da mimdinare proeqts, aseve
perspeqtiul proeqtebs, romelTa ganxorcileba finansdeba saerTaSoriso-safinanso
organizaciebTan gaformebuli sasesxo xelSekrulebis safuZvelze gamoyofili
kreditebiTa da saxelmwifo TanadafinansebiT.
dReisaTvis aSenebulia Tbilisidan goramde 80 km. sigrZis 4-zoliani Cqarosnuli
avtomagistrali, reabilitirebulia 2300 km. saavtomobilo gza da saerTo jamSi 2004
wlidan dRemde gzebis mSeneblobis, reabilitaciisa da movla-Senaxvis samuSaoebze 1,5
miliard larze meti daixarja.
2010 wels saavtomboilo gzebis ganviTarebisTvis gaweulma danaxarjebma 694
milioni lari Seadgina, maT Soris, saxelmwifo dafinanseba Seadgenda 56 procents da
saavtomobilo gzebis movla-Senaxva da SekeTebisTvis daixarja 320 milionamde.
yuradsaRebia, rom 2011 wels igegmeba ufro meti investiciis ganxorcileba, daaxloebiT
730 milionamde laris odenobiT, romlis naxevaric, savaraudod, iqneba saxelmwifo
biujetidan gaweuli danaxarjebi.8
saavtomobilo gzebis mSeneblobisTvis saWiro erTjeradi didi fuladi
danaxarjebis garda gasaTvaliswinebelia Tanamderove standartebis Sesabamisi
infrastruqturis movla-Senaxvac, rac moiTxovs efeqtian sitemas, romelic
uzrunvelyofs, erTi mxriv, sagzao infrastruqturis momxmarebelTa kmayofilebas,
usafrTxoebis maRal dones da infrastruqturis karg mdgomareobas da, meore mxriv, _
dafinansebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gadaWras.
problemis elementebi da aspeqtebi. dReisaTvis ar arsebobs Camoyalibebuli
sistemuri midgoma, Tu rogor unda mogvardes saavtomobilo gzebis Semdgomi
ganviTarebis pirobebSi maTi movla-Senaxvis sakiTxebi; ar xdeba momxmareblebisagan
gadasaxadis akreba da saavtomobilo gzebiT sargeblobis Sesabamisi ekonomikuri
safasuris Sefaseba.
marTalia, viTardeba saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqtura, magram
paralelurad ar xdeba Sesabamisi midgomebis Camoyalibeba finansuri TvalsazrisiT.
konkretulad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saavtomobilo gzebi saxelmwifosTvis warmoadgens
mxolod da mxolod danaxarjs da jerjerobiT araviTari Semosavlis wyaro ar aris.
8 saavtomobilo gzebis departmaneti, 2004-2010 wlebis biujeti da Sesabamisi angariSebi.
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garda imisa, rom Tanamedrove standartebisa da moTxovnebis Sesabamisi
saavtomboilo gzebis infrastruqturis Camoyalibeba
(mSenebloba/rekonstruqcia/reabilitacia) saWiroebs did investicias, kreditebisa da
grantebis saxiT, rac qveynisTvis aris finansuri danaxarji, aseve mniSvnelovania ukve
Seqmnili infrastruqturis SenarCuneba karg mdgomareobaSi, rac saWiroebs finansuri
saxsrebis arsebobasa da moqnili Tanamedrove sistemis Seqmnas.
problemis masStabi da simwvave. problema exeba sagzao infrastruqturis yvela
momxmarebels da mniSvnelovania mTlianad qveynis ekonomikisTvis.
termini _ sagzao infrastruqturis momxmarebeli _ moicavs: saqarTvelos yvela
asakis moqalaqes 18 wlidan daaxloebiT 80 wlamde rogorc qalaqSi, ise soflad
macxovrebles, aseve _ yvela turists, romelic Camosulia saqarTveloSi sakuTari
avtosatransporto saSualebiT da yvela saerTaSoriso gadayvanebsa da gadazidvebSi
(tranziti, eqsporti, importi) monawile mxareebs.
amavdroulad sakiTxi uSualod ukavSirdeba qveynis ekonomikur ganviTarebas.
winamdebare politikis dokumentis konkretuli Sedegebi iqneba mosaxleobis
ekonomikuri gaaqtiureba, regionebis mosaxleobis mobilurobis gazrda, vaWrobisa da
turizmis ganviTareba da saerTaSoriso satransporto qselSi integrireba, rac
uzrunvelyofili iqneba saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis Semdgomi
ganviTarebiTa da daxvewiT. amasTan, mniSvnelovania saavtomobilo gzebis movla-
SenaxvisTvis Sesabamisi finansuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis arsebobac, rac, Tavis mxriv,
pozitiurad imoqmedebs qveynis biujetze.
arsebuli politika. dReisaTvis, rogorc saerTaSoriso da Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi,
ise adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebis mSenebloba da reabilitacia
mimdinareobs ZiriTadad saerTaSoriso-safinanso organizaciebis kreditebiTa da
saxelmwifo biujetidan TanadafinansebiT, movla-Senaxvisa da sxva damatebiT xarjebs ki
mTlianad saxelmwifo gaswevs.
problemis gamomwvevi sxva faqtorebi. problema ara marto saavtomobilo gzebis
movla-SenaxvasTan dakavSirebul finansur da ekonomikur sakiTxebs moicavs, aramed
mniSvnelovania saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis teqnikuri mdgomareobac da
momxmarebelTa moTxovnis dakmayofilebac.
saWiroa saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gaziareba da Tanamedrove gamowvevebis
Sesabamisad maTi saqarTveloSi danergva.
upirveles yovlisa, aucilebelia Sedegze orientirebuli sistmis Seqmna,
romelic niSnavs kontraqtorTanac Sedegze orientirebuli xelSekrulebis gaformebas.9
xelSekrulebaSi sworad unda iyos gansazRvruli is pirobebi, romelTa dacviTa da
SenarCunebiT iqneba uzrunvelyofili saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis kargi
9 saerTaSoriso praqtika – “Performance Based Contract”, romelic formdeba damqiravebelsa (saxelmwifos) da daqiravebuls (koncesioners) Soris da romlis SemTxvevaSic damqiraveblis mizans warmoadgens Sedegis miRweva da anazRaurebac Sesabamisad xdeba.
9
mdgomareoba, sagzao usafrTxoeba da maRali gamtarunarianoba. arsebuli pirobebiT
kontraqtis safuZvels warmoadgens dazianebuli gzis (bzarebis, ormoebis da a.S.)
SekeTeba. mniSvnelovani Sedegis misaRwevad saukeTeso gamosavalia Sedegze orientireba
da kontraqtoris daqiraveba ara imisTvis, rom dazianebuli SeakeTos, aramed imisTvis,
rom gzebze saerTod ar warmoiqmnas aseTi dazianebebi.
aRniSnuli xelSekruleba uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis
karg mdgomareobas, Tumca aseve moiTxovs finansur danaxarjs.
SezRudvebi. saqarTveloSi dReisaTvis ar arsebobs Sesabamisi gamocdileba, aseve
konkretulad ar aris garkveuli saxelmwifo politikuri neba arsebul sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT. amasTan, mniSvnelovani SezRudvaa politikis ganxorcielebis Sedegad
miRebuli SesaZlo gavlena saavtomobilo gzebis momxmarebelTa raodenobaze,
tranzitis xelSewyobaze da a.S.
problema. yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia SemuSavdes
saavtomobilo gzebis Semdgomi ganviTarebisa da movla-Senaxvis dafinansebis efeqtiani
sistema, ramdenadac dReisaTvis danaxarji saxelmwifo biujetidan Seadgens 300 milion
larze mets yovelwliurad (mTliani Siga produqtis 1,6 procentze meti), xolo
Semosavlis wyaros ki jerjerobiT ar warmoadgens.
p r o b l e m i s g a d a W r i s g z e b i
( a l t e r n a t i v e b i )
problemis gadasaWrelad arsebobs sami ZiriTadi alternativa, romlebSic
warmodgenilia saavtomobilo gzebis movla-SenaxvisTvis saWiro optimaluri
dafinansebis meqanizmebi. alternativebiT aRwerilia meqanizmis struqtura da realuri
magaliTebi, maTi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi, mosalodneli Sedegebi da riskebi.
alternativebi ganxilulia yvela saerTaSoriso (1368 km) da Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi
(4979 km) mniSvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebis movla-SenaxvisTvis saWiro dafinansebis
meqnizmebis SerCevisTvis, saerTo sigrZiT 6347 km. fasiani gzebis arseboba ganxilulia
mxolod e.w. `aRmosavleT-dasavleTis Cqarosnuli avtomagistralis~ farglebSi, romlis
sargeblobisTvis fasis daweseba nebadarTulia mxolod alternatiuli gzebis arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi da regulirdeba kanonmdeblobiT.10
alternativebis Sedegebis SefasebisTvis gamoyenebulia Semdegi kriteriumebi
(danarTi # 1-1): Sedegianoba, Rirebuleba, politikuri ganxorcielebadoba, vadebi,
rentabeloba, samarTlianoba da momxmarebelTa kmayofilebis done.
10 saqarTvelos kanoni „saavtomobilo gzebis Sesaxeb“, muxli 14. 11 noemberi 1994 weli, saqarTvelos parlamentis uwyebebi.
10
winamdebare dokumentSi moyvanili yvela daskvna efuZneba oficialur monacemebs
(danarTi # 1-2).
alternativa #1 – dafinansebis arsebuli meqanizmis SenarCuneba.
mimoxilva. dReisaTvis saavtomobilo gzebis movla-SenaxvisTvis saWiro xarjebis
(danarTi # 1-3) gaweva xdeba uSualod saxelmwifo biujetidan, ramac 2010 wels
mTlianobaSi Seadgina 170 milion larze meti.
arsebuli mdgomareobiT sakvlevi saavtomobilo gzebis 38% karg mdgomareobaSia
(danarTi # 1-4).
alternativis rentabeloba Seadgens 0.18-s (danarTi # 1-5).
politikuri TvalsazrisiT alternativa odnav ixreba neitraluridan
uaryofiTisken (5 qula), ramdenadac, marTalia, meqanizmi dReisTvis moqmedebs, magram
realurad dgas saWiroeba midgomis gaumjobesebisa.
dadebiTi mxareebi. advilia administrireba. aris samarTliani (10 qula), radgan
saavtomobilo gzebiT sargebloba xelmisawvdomia yvela msurvelisaTvis. alternativis
realizacia dros ar saWiroebs, radgan meqanizmi moqmedia (0 Tve).
uaryofiTi mxareebi. Sedegi aris arasakmarisi da aramomgebiani, xolo sistema _
araefeqtiani. momxmarebelTa mxridanac naklebia (6 qula) kmayofileba.
mosalodneli Sedegebi da rentabeloba. alternativis farglebSi saavtomobilo
gzebis infrastruqtura darCeba isev saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi da samomavlod kidev
ufro daixveweba dafinansebis meqnizmebi. marTalia, wlidan wlamde mudmivad xdeba
reabilitacia, magram karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli saavtomobilo gzebis procentuli
maCvenebeli mainc rCeba aRniSnul farglebSi.
riskebi. arsebuli, gaumjobesebuli Tu axlad aSenebuli saavtomobilo gzebis
infrastruqturis mdgomareobis SesaZlo gauareseba.
11
alternativa # 2 _ mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis
saxelmwifo sakuTrebis SenarCunebiT.
mimoxilva. alternativa gulisxmobs Tanamedrove gamocdilebis Sesabamisad
mosakreblis sistemis danergvas, magaliTad VIGNETTE-is sistema, romelic
unificirebuli, gamartivebuli, moqnili da iafia (fasebi misaRebia). sistemis
SeqmnisTvis saWiroa Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo cvlileba, infrastruqturuli
uzrunvelyofa da Sedegiani administrireba (danarTi # 1-6).
saSualod, avtosatransporto saSualebebis moZraobis intensivoba magistralze
meryeobs 4000-dan 29000 avtosatransporto saSualebamde dRe-RameSi.
jamSi alternativa realizebisTvis moiTxovs daaxloebiT 9 Tves da 10 milion
lars (danarTi # 1-7). sakanonmdeblo procedurebis paralelurad moewyoba
zemoaRniSnuli infrastruqturac.
dadebiTi mxareebi. sistema aris moqnili, uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis
karg mdgomareobaSi Senaxvas, pasuxobs saerTaSoriso standartebs da SeuZlia
daakmayofilos Tanamedrove gamowvevebi. Sedegianoba aris 99% (danarTi # 1-8).
alternativa aseve aris politikurad gamarTlebuli (10 qula), momxmarebelTa
kmayofilebis done iqneba maRali (9 qula). meqanizmi aris samarTlianic (8 qula)
(danarTi # 1-9).
uaryofiTi mxareebi. Zvirdeba saavtomobilo gzebiT sargebloba.
mosalodneli Sedegebi da rentabeloba. gaumjobesebuli sagazo infrastruqtura,
biujetisTvis damatebiTi Semosavlebi an danaxarjebis Semsubuqeba. danaxarjebisa da
mosalodneli Semosavlebis gaTvaliswinebiT alternativis rentabeloba Seadgens 1.68-s
(danarTi # 1-10).
riskebi. satranzito konkurentunarianobis Semcireba.
alternativa #3 – mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis
privatizaciis gziT.
mimoxilva. alternativis farglebSi moxdeba saavtomobilo gzebis gadacema
koncesiiT (danarTi #1-11). koncesionersa da saxelmwifos Soris gaformdeba Sedegze
orientirebuli SeTanxmeba (Performance Based Contract) (danarTi #1-12) da koncesioneri
valdebuli iqneba uzrunvelyos winamdebare dokumentSi ganxiluli gzebis 29% (danarTi
# 1-13).
faqtobrivad, privatizebisTvis saWiro umniSvnelo xarjebis garda, alternativas
danaxarjebi ar gaaCnia da misi rentabeloba 1-is tolia.
meqanizmis danergva aris politikurad gamarTlebuli (8 qula) investiciebis
mozidvisa da saavtomobilo gzebis ganviTarebis mizniT.
daaxloebiTi periodi alternativis realizaciisaTvis moicavs 11 Tves (danarTi
#1-14)
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dadebiTi mxareebi. yvelaze efeqtiani fasi saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis,
Tavisufali bazris principebis danergva da konkurenciis amaRleba. alternativas aqvs
sakmaod maRali (8 qula) kmayofilebis done (danarTi #1-15).
uaryofiTi mxareebi. moxdeba ZiriTadi magistralis gasxviseba (privatizeba), anu
aRar iqneba saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi. alternativa ver gamoirCeva samarTlianobiT (6
qula) (danarTi # 1-16).
mosalodneli Sedegebi da rentabeloba. pasuxismgeblobis delegirebis Sedegad
yvelaze efeqtiani meqanizmis Camoyalibeba, romelic xels Seuwyobs da uzrunvelyofs
saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis mdgomareobis SenarCunebas saerTaSoriso
standartebis Sesabamisad.
riskebi. gansakuTrebul saSiSroebas warmoadgens arasworad gaformebuli
xelSekruleba da kerZo seqtorisaTvis arasworad gamijnuli uflebebi da
pasuxismgeblobebi.
saukeTeso alternativis dasabuTeba.
saukeTeso alternativa aris mosakreblis daweseba saavtomobilo gzebis
gamoyenebisTvis saxelmwifo sakuTrebis SenarCunebiT, radgan alternativas aqvs
saukeTeso Sedegebi, aris yvelaze rentabeluri, yvelaze metad gamarTlebulia
politikurad da xasiaTdeba momxmarebelTa kmayofilebis yvelaze maRali doniT.
xarjianoba mis rentabelobasTan SedarebiT mizerulia. aseve ar warmoadgens problemas
misi realizebis vadebi, radgan 9 Tve ar aris SemzRudveli dro.
alternativis realizebis SemTxvevaSi, sagzao infrastruqtura rCeba saxelmwifo
sakuTrebaSi da Tavis mxriv alternativis farglebSi realizebuli dafinansebis
meqanizmi _ VIGNETTE _ warmoadgens Zalian moqnil da efeqtian sistemas, romelic
aprobirebulia evropis mraval qveyanaSi. am sistemasTan mierTebiT saqarTvelos aqvs
SesaZlebloba ukeT integrirdes dasavleTTan da xeli Suwyos rogorc turizmis,
vaWrobisa da satranzito potencialis ganviTarebas, ise regionSi ekonomikuri
urTierTTanamSromlobis amaRlebas.
r e k o m e n d a c i e b i
saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis mosakreblis daweseba _ saxelmwifo
sakuTrebis SenarCunebiT axali meqanizmis _ VIGNETTE-s sistemis _ warmatebiT
danergvis mizniT mizanSewonilia ganxorcieldes Semdegi RonisZiebebi:
• sakanonmdeblo bazis momzadeba. sawyis etapze saWiroa sakanonmdeblo bazis
momzadeba, rac moicavs saerTaSoriso gamocdilebisa da saukeTeso
magaliTebis Seswavlas, arsebul kanonmdeblobaSi cvlilebebis Setanis mizniT
kanonproeqtebis momzadebasa da maT damtkicebas saqarTveloSi moqmedi
13
kanonmdeblobis gaTvaliswinebiT; am sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis
saerTaSoriso doneze danergvasTan dakavSirebiT Setyobinebis gavrcelebas
diplomatiuri arxebis meSveobiT rogorc yvela mezobeli da partniori
saxelmwifosTvis, aseve saerTaSoriso organizaciebisTvis.
• Sesabamisi infrastruqturiT aRWurva. am SemTxvevaSi ivaraudeba ara
saavtomobilo gzebis mSenebloba (maT Soris, arc Cqarosnuli
avtomagistrali), aramed mxolod damxmare mowyobiloba da Sesabamisi teqnika.
infrastruqtura ZiriTadad moicavs Cqarosnul avtomagistralze Sesvlisas
da avtomagistralidan gamosvlisas moZravi avtomobilebis regulirebisTvis
saWiro mowyobilobebsa da Senoba-nagebobebs, romlebic aRWurvili iqneba
saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad da akmayofileben Tanamedrove
moTxovnebs.
• adamianuri resursebis gaTvalisiwneba. TavisTavad cxadia yovelive
zemoaRniSnuls sWirdeba administrireba; Sesabamisad, aucilebelia kadrebis
momzadeba, anu saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gacnoba-gaziareba gadamzadebebisa
da seminarebis meSveobiT.
• sazogadoebis informireba da meqanizmis danergva. sanam Sesabamis kanonebSi
konkretuli cvlilebebi da damatebebi Seva ZalaSi, aucilebelia garkveuli
periodiT adre moxdes sazogadoebis informireba informaciis sxvadasxva
saSualebiT da Semdeg dainergos VIGNETTE-is sistema.
d a s k v n a
Tanamedrove gamowvevebisa da arsebuli moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis mizniT dRis
wesrigSi dgas saavtobmoilo gzebis movla-Senaxvis dafinansebisa da amasTan
dakavSirebuli problemebis gadaWris sakiTxi.
erTi mxriv, saxelmwifosTvis danaxarjebis Semcireba da meore mxriv,
saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis gaumjobeseba, saerTaSoriso standartebTan
Sesabamisoba da Tanamedrove moTxovnebis dakmayofileba sakiTxs sZens aqtualurobas.
politikis winamdebare dokumentSi ganxiluli alternativebidan saukeTeso
Sedegebi mosalodnelia me-3 alternativis realizebis SemTxvevaSi (mosakreblis
daweseba saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis saxelmwifo sakuTrebis SenarCunebiT da
VIGNETTE-s sistemis danergviT), romlis farglebSic SesaZlebeli iqneba:
• TiTqmis yvela saerTaSoriso da Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis
saavtomobilo gzebis gaumjobeseba da kargi mdgomareobis uzrunvelyofa;
• sagzao infrastruqturis saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi SenarCuneba;
14
• saavtomobilo gzebis movla-Senaxvis dafinansebis Tanamedrove, moqnili da
rentabeluri meqanizmis Camoyalibeba;
• samarTlianobis dacviT momxmarebelTa interesebis dacva;
• saavtomobilo gzebis saxelmwifo biujetisTvis Semosavlebis wyarod gadaqceva;
• evropis saavtomobilo gzebis qselTan ukeT integrireba;
• saerTaSoriso standartebTan sagzao infrastruqturis harmonizeba;
• momxmareblisTvis maRali xarisxis momsaxurebis SeTavazeba.
am alternativis Sesabamisi politikis gatarebiT saxelmwifo yvelaze
optimalurad SeZlebs saukeTeso Sedegebis miRwevas ise, rom biujetSic Sevides
Semosavali da momxmarebelmac miiRos maRali xarisxis momsaxureba ganviTarebuli
sagzao ifrastruqturis pirobebSi.
l i t e r a t u r a
1. saqarTvelos kanoni „saavtomobilo gzebis Sesaxeb“, muxli 14. 11 noemberi 1994 weli, saqarTvelos parlamentis uwyebebi.
2. saavtomobilo gzebis departmaneti, 2004-2010 wlebis biujeti da Sesabamisi angariSebi.
3. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (saqstati), 2004-2010 wlebis angariSebi.
4. The Toll Roads, https://www.thetollroads.com/home/index.htm, https://www.thetollroads.com/home/maps.htm. 5. sagzao mosakrebeli - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vignette_(road_tax). 6. I Feel Slovenia - http://www.slovenia.info/en/Road-toll-vignettes.htm. 7. Vignette, highway toll Czech Republic - http://www.dalnicni-znamky.com/en/vignette-highway-toll-
czech-republic.html. 8. The Lithuanian Road Administration under the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the
Republic of Lithuania -http://www.lra.lt/en.php/vignettes/main_information/3099. 9. Toll Road Concessions:
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGUARANTEES/Resources/TollRoads_Concessions.pdf.
15
d a n a r T i # 1
kriteriumebisa da alternativebis Sefasebis detaluri ganmarteba
(1) kriteriumebi: kriteriumebi izomeba an realuri maCveneblebiT (Rirebuleba –
lari; vadebi – Tve), an amisaTvis SemoRebulia 10-baliani Sefasebis sistema (0 – niSnavs
yvelaze uaress da 10 – yvelaze ukeTess), an uSualod mocemulia procentuli
maCvenebeli.
winamdebare politikis dokumentSi alternativebis Sedegebis Sesafaseblad
gamoyenebulia Sefasebis Semdegi kriteriumebi:
• Sedegianoba – aRwers, Tu rogor imoqmedebs alternativis realizacia
saavtomobilo gzebis mdgomareobaze da izomeba procentebiT;
• Rirebuleba – ganzomileba aris milioni lari da Seadgens proeqtis
realizebisaTvis saWiro Tanxas;
• politikuri ganxorcielebadoba – warmoadgens qulebiT (1-10), politikurad
ramdenad mizanSewonilia ama Tu im alternativis ganxorcieleba;
• vadebi – fasdeba alternativis realiziaciisTvis saWiro xangrZlivoba da
izomeba TveebiT;
• rentabeloba – koeficientia, romelic asaxavs kavSirs alternativis
danaxarjsa da miRebl Sedegs Soris;
• samarTlianoba – fasdeba qulebiT (1-10), Tu ramdenad Tanabrad samarTliania
alternativa saavtomobilo gzebis momxmarebelTaTvis;
• kmayofilebis done – logikurad ukavSirdeba samarTlianobas Tumca aCvenebs
uSualod momxmareblis damokidebulebas alternativis ganxorcielebasTan
dakavSirebiT da fasdeba qulebiT (1-10).
(2) meTodologia da gamoyenebuli monacemebi: winamdebare dokumentSi
warmodgenili yvela monacemi aRebulia saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris,
Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebisa da
infrastruqturis saministrosa da saavtomobilo gzebis departamentis mier
mowodebuli monacemebisa da informaciis safuZvelze. dokumentSi aRniSnuli sxvadasxva
kriteriumiT Sefasebebi efuZneba dargSi momuSave eqspertebisa da kompetenturi
sajaro moxeleebis mosazrebebs, daskvnebsa da rekomendaciebs.
detaluri Sefaseba
alternativa #1 - dafinansebis arsebuli meqanizmis SenarCuneba
(3) detaluri aRwera: movla-Senaxvis xarjebi etapobrivad izrdeba, radgan
mimdinareobs saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisi Cqarosnuli avtomagistralis
16
mSenebloba, saavtomobilo gzebis reabilitacia/gaumjobeseba, aseve damatebiTi
infrastruqturisa da dizainis mowyobac. movla-Senaxvis xarjebSi Sedis gzebis
perioduli SekeTeba da reabilitacia, mimdinare SekeTeba da Senaxva zamTris periodSi,
stiqiuri movlenebis salikvidacio da prevenciis mizniT Casatarebeli samuSaoebi da
sxv.
(4) Sedegianoba: saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebis 80% da
Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis 26% karg mdgomareobaSia.
(5) rentabeloba: unda aRiniSnos, rom Semosavlis erTaderT wyaros warmoadgens
gzaTsargeblobis safasuri 200 laris odenobiT saqarTvelos teritoriaze satranzito
infrastruqturis utilizaciisaTvis (2010 wlis 1 agvistodan) da gadaixdeba
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetSi. safasuris gadamxdeli aris satvirTo
avtosatransporto saSualebis mflobeli an mZRoli, romelic avtosatransporto
saSualebiT axorcielebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze gadaadgileba/tvirTis gadazidvas
sabaJo kontroliT/zedamxedvelobiT. dReisaTvis aseTi gadamxdelia daaxloebiT 151
aTasi (danarTi #2). Sesabamisad, mTliani Semosavali daaxloebiT Seadgens 30 milion
lars.
alternativa #2 - mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis
saxelmwifo sakuTrebis SenarCunebiT
(6) detaluri aRwera: VIGNETTE-is sistema, rogorc mosakrebeli saavtomobilo
gzebis gamoyenebisaTvis, pirvelad gamoiyenes ungreTSi. Seqmnilia evroparlamnetis
direqtivis Sesabamisad.11
EUROVIGNETTE (danarTi #1) gamoiyeneba:
• 1994 wlidan _ belgiaSi, daniaSi;
• 1997 wlidan _ luqsemburgSi, niderlandSi, SvedeTSi;
• 2000 wlis Semdeg _ avstriaSi, bulgareTSi, CexeTis respublikaSi,
safrangeTSi, germaniaSi, rumineTSi, slovakeTSi, sloveniaSi, SveicariaSi _
yvela qveyanaSi aris specifikuri midgoma sistemis mimarT, SesaZloa mosakrebeli
pirdapir iyos saSualeba saavtomobilo gzebis movla-Senaxvis xarjebis dasafarad, an
warmoadgendes sxva socialuri keTildReobis dafinansebis wyarosac. saqarTvelos
magaliTze alternativis farglebSi sistemis danergviT miRebuli Semosavali uSualod
unda iyos mimarTuli saavtomobilo gzebis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba-SenarCunebisken.
sistema aris moqnili, uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis karg mdgomareobaSi
SenarCunebas, pasuxobs saerTaSoriso standartebs da SeuZlia daakmayofilos
Tanamedrove gamowvevebi.
11 DIRECTIVE 2006/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 amending Directive 1999/62/EC on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures, veb-gverdi: European Assosiation with tolled motorways, bridges and tunnels (ASECAP), veb-misamarTi: http://www.asecap.com/pdf_files/Eurovignettedirective2006-EN.pdf
17
(7) Rirebuleba: proeqtis ganxorcielebas sWirdeba saavtomobilo gzis Sesabamisi
aRWurva damatebiTi infrastruqturiT, rogoricaa mosakrebelis akrebis avtomaturi
sistema, saerTo RirebulebiT 340000 lari, da magistralze saWiroa 15-20 aseTi
mowyobiloba; aseve mniSvnelovania administrirebis mizniT Sesabamisi erTeulis Seqmna.
yvela aRniSnuli danaxarji erTad Seadgens 10 milionamde lars.
vadebi: alternativis danergvas sWirdeba mTavrobis mier kanonproeqtis
momzadeba da Sesabamis kanonebSi cvlilebis Setana, romelic SemdgomSi damtkicdeba
parlamentSi.
(8) Sedegianoba: alternativis farglebSi movla-Senaxvis dafinanseba moicavs
yvela saerTaSoriso da Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebs da
Sedegianoba aris 99%.
(9) politikuri ganxorcielebadoba: alternativa aseve aris politikurad
gamarTlebuli (10 qula), ramdenadac, erTi mxriv, maqsimalurad iqneba uzrunvelyofili
sagzao infrastruqturis kargi mdgomareoba da dafinansebis sakiTxi, meore mxriv,
infrastruqtura isev darCeba saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi.
samarTlianoba: rac Seexeba samarTlianobas, miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierTi
momxmareblisTvis garkveulwilad arsebobs SezRudva VIGNETTE-is sistemis nebarTvebis
asaRebad, maTi Rirebulebis gamo, yuradsaRebia, rom iarsebebs alternatiuli gzebi da
Tanac VIGNETTE-dan miRebuli SemosavlebiT SekeTdeba da movla-Senaxvis samuSaoebi
Cautardeba saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis yvela gzas, riTac
isargeblebs mTeli mosaxleoba. Sesabamisad, meqanizmi aseve aris samarTlianic (8 qula).
kmayofilebis done: aRniSnulidan gamodinare, alternativis realizebis Sedegad
momxmarebelTa kmayofilebis done iqneba maRali (9 qula).
(10) rentabeloba: aRsaniSnavia, rom dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi daregistrirebulia
700000-mde avtosatransporto saSualeba (danarTi # 3), romelTa, eqspluataciaSi
myofTa, umetesoba moZraobs aRmosavleT-dasavleTis Cqarosnul avtomagistralze; amas
aseve emateba saerTaSoriso gadazidvebSi monawile subieqtebi (saSualod, 414 satvirTo
avtomobili dRe-RameSi), razec zemoT gvqonda saubari, da yovelives gaTvaliswinebiT
SesaZloa SemuSavdes winaswari gadasaxdelebis cxrili, romelic VIGNETTE-is sistemis
danergviT uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzis (aRmosavleT-dasavleTis Carosnuli
avtomagistraliT) sargeblobisTvis mosakrebelis akrebas da sagzao infrastruqturis
mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba/SenarCunebas, ris Sedegadac saxelmwifo miiRebs 288 milion
lars, nebarTvis saSualo wliuri Rirebuleba Seadgens 135 lars (sagzao
insrastruqturis movla-Senaxvis wliur danaxarjebi gayofili moZraobis minimaluri
dRiuri intensivobis weliwadSi dReebis raodenobis namravlze da damatebuli sistemis
movla-Senaxvisa da gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi [171’000’000/3’902*365+21’000’000=135]).
18
* gaTvaliswinebulia saavtomobilo parkis proporcia (msubuqi 0.82, avtobusi - 0.08, satvirTo – 0.10), aseve
miaxloebiTi regularuli gadayvanebisa da gadazidvebi (30%) araregularulTan SedarebiT (70%), rodesac
magistralze moZraobs minimum 3902 avto satransporto saSualeba dRe-RameSi.
alternativa #3 _ mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis
privatizaciis gziT.
(11) detaluri aRwera: gaumjobesdeba da SenarCundeba saavtomobilo gzebis kargi
mdgomareoba da usafrTxoebis maRali done. marTalia, saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyeneba
gaxdeba fasiani, ramac SesaZloa uaryofiTad imoqmedos qveynis satranzito
potencialze, magram saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqtura aRar darCeba saxelmwifo
sakuTrebaSi da gadaecema kerZo pirs marTvis uflebiT. Sedegad, saxelmwifos aRar
eqneba xarjebi saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis movla-SenaxvisaTvis. yvelaze
efeqtiani fasi saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis Tavisufali bazris principebis
danergva da konkurenciis amaRlebaa. moxdeba ZiriTadi magistralis gasxviseba
(privatizeba), anu aRar iqneba saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi. pasuxismgeblobis delegirebis
Sedegad yvelaze efeqtiani meqanizmis Camoyalibeba, romelic xels Seuwyobs da
uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis mdgomareobis SenarCunebas
saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad.
(12) Sedegze orientirebuli SeTanxmeba (Performance Based Contract) – niSnavs
saxelmwifosa da kerZo subieqts Soris SeTanxmebas, romelSic gansazRvrulia is
#
wliu
ri
danax
arji
(aTas
i lar
i)
danax
arji
1 dReS
i (l
ari) II/365
mini
maluri
intensivoba (avt
.saS
ual
eba dRe-
RameS
i)
dar
egis
trir
ebuli
avt. saS
ual
ebeb
i (erTeu
li)
dar
egis
trir
ebuli
avt. saS
ual
ebeb
i (erTeu
li)
Sew
oni
li
wil
i V/V
I
Sew
oni
li
wil
i in
tensivobaS
i IV
*VII
reg
ular
uli
momx
mareb
lis
wil
i (365 d
Re)
VII*0.3
arar
egular
uli
momx
mareb
lis
wil
i (10 dRe)
VII*0.7
reg
ular
uli
momx
mareb
lis
gad
asax
adi
(365
dRe)
III/VIII
arar
egular
uli
momx
mareb
lis
gad
asax
adi
(10
dRe) III/IX
koreqtir
ebuli
reg
ular
uli
momx
mareb
lis
gad
asax
adi
(365 d
Re)
koreqtir
ebuli
arar
egular
uli
momx
mareb
lis
gad
asax
adi
(10 dRe)
mTliani
Semosaval
i XIII*IX
+XIV
*X
rentab
eloba
XV/II
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI
msubuqi 568511 0.82 3200 960 2240 488 6 350 10
avtobusi 47303 0.08 313 94 219 4984 59 1800 50
satvirTo
171000
468493
3902
692996
69467 0.10 390 117 273 4004 47 2000 60
287959450
1.68
19
pirobebi, romelTa Sesrulebasac moiTxovs damqiravebeli (saxelmwifo)
daqiravebulisagan (kontraqtori). SeTanxmebis mizania moxdes uSualod Sedegze
orientireba da damqiravebelma fuli gadaixados ara imisTvis, rom dazianebuli
SeakeTebinos daqiravebuls, aramed imisTvis, rom saerTod ar warmoiqmnas dazianebebi
(an minimumamde Semcirdes). saxlemwifos aqvs kontrolisa da zedamxedvelobis ufleba.
SeTanxmebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis arSesrulebis SemTxvevaSi damqiravebeli ar
uxdis momsaxurebis safasurs kontraqtors. SeTanxmebis orive mxaris (saxelmwifosa da
kontraqtoris) interess warmoadgens saavtomobilo gzebis karg mdgomareobaSi
SenarCuneba da xdeba Sedegze orientireba, rac meqanizms xdis efeqtians.
gansakuTrebul saSiSroebas warmoadgens arasworad gaformebuli xelSekruleba
da kerZo seqtorisaTvis arasworad gamijnuli uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi, ramac
SeiZleba arasasurveli Sedegebi gamoiwvios.
(13) Sedegianoba: koncesioneri valdebuli iqneba uzrunvelyos yvela
saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobisa Tu alternatiuli gzis movla-Senaxvis samuSaoebi, rac
saerTo jamSi Seadgens Cvens naSromSi ganxiluli gzebis 29%-s.
(14) vadebi: alternativis realizaciisaTvis saWiro savaraudo periodi,
igulisxmeba Sedegze orientirebuli SeTanxmebis proeqtis momzadebac, moicavs 11 Tves,
radgan saWiroa satendero dokumentebis momzadeba, tenderis Sedegad gamovlenil
organizaciasTan xelSekrulebis gaformeba da Sesabamisi mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis
gatarebac.
(15) kmayofilebis done: kmayofilebis done alternativas aqvs sakmaod maRali, rac
gamowveulia sagzao infrastruqturis kargi mdgomareobiT da maRali xarisxis
momsaxurebiT (8 qula).
(16) samarTlianoba: alternativa ver gamoirCeva samarTlianobiT (6 qula), radgan
izRudeba momxmarebeli da Tan movla-Senaxva Seexeba ara yvela Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi
mniSvnelobis gzas, aramed mxolod am gzebis mcire nawils – vrceldeba mxolod 450-
mde km-ze.
20
Mamuka Chikhladze
Senior Specialist, Infrastructure Department Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia
Road infrastructure development: future challenges and perspectives in Georgia
S U M M A R Y
The state priority is to construct an East-West Highway from Sarpi (Turkish border) to the Red Bridge (Azerbaijan border) and Sadakhlo (Armenia border) through Tbilisi. The Highway will connect the road transport corridor with the Black Sea Ports (Poti and Batumi) and will facilitate meeting the growing demand on road transportation in the region. This will increase the country’s transit potential and the development of international trade and tourism.
Recently an 80 km 4-lane Highway from Tbilisi to Gori and approximately 3, 600 km of other roads, including, 21 km Highway, 12 new and 100 existing bridges were constructed and/or rehabilitated. Since 2004 investment in road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance has reached approximately 2 billion GEL.
Besides construction expenditures in road maintenance, the costs associated are to be taken into consideration in order to keep road infrastructure at international standards. To achieve the above mentioned objective, an efficient system is needed that will ensure on the one hand the satisfaction of road users, road safety and good conditions of road infrastructure, and on the other hand, maintenance will not be financially problematic for the state.
First, there must be a performance based system/approach established. In other words, sign a Performance Based Contract with terms of reference that will ensure and maintain road infrastructure in good conditions, road safety and improved capacity. Recently, the subject of the contract is to make repairs (cracks, holes, etc.). To achieve efficient results the best way is to focus on performance and hire a contractor not only to make repairs, but to keep road in good condition.
The contract will ensure keeping the roads in good condition, but it will require high expenditures. In order to solve the financing issue of road maintenance the policy paper outline the following alternatives: Status Quo (doing nothing) – allocate costs for road maintenance in the state budget and search for financing; Fee for Road Users – establishment of fee system in accordance with modern practices, e.g. VIGETTE tolling system that is unified and simplified, flexible and cheap. In order to establish the new system adequate changes are needed in the legislation, road infrastructure development and effective administration; Road concession – roads will be transferred via concession. As a result, there will not be expenditures for road maintenance, also improved road condition and ensured road safety will be of high priority, but road concession is connected with user fees and thut will negatively affect the transit potential of the country.
Taking into consideration all the above mentioned, it is of vital importance to elaborate a systematic approach to the roads future development and maintenance in order to satisfy modern requirements and to facilitate improvement of competitiveness of the transport corridor via Georgia. In this regard, the most viable alternative in accordance with the policy paper is to establish a tolling system (VIGNETTE) in Georgia.