Mental Workload
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Transcript of Mental Workload
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Mental Workload
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What is Mental Workload?
• Why measure it?– Performance limits– Predict top performance
• Tasks– Cognitive/perceptual– multiple
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What kind of tasks have High mental workload?
High• Air traffic control• Pilot• Military command & control• Nuclear power plant operator• anesthesiologist
N/A• Computer programmer• College professor• Mathematician• Technical writer
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Key Elements for High mental workload tasks
• Stimulus driven not self paced• Large fluctuations in demand• Multiple simultaneous tasks• High stress/High consequence
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Workload & Arousal
Yerkes-Dobson law
Low arousal Low performance
Moderate arousal High performance
Over arousal Low performance
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Basic approaches to measuring mental workload
• Analytic – Task difficulty– Number of simultaneous tasks
• Task performance– Primary task– Secondary task
• Physiological (arousal/effort)• Subjective assessment
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Analytic Models
• Tracking models predict based on systems dynamics
• Queuing models predict on the basis of task co-occurrence
• SAINT / microSAINT best developed queuing models
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Resources/Attention
• Some limited capacity– Unitary: task always depletes common pool by
a constant amount– Multiple: task depletes pools of resources to
varying degrees– Mixed: cost of sharing even for highly
dissimilar resources
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Simplified HIP Model
Unconscious/Automatic Processes
Working Memory
Long
Term
Memory
AttentionS
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Physiological Measures• heart rate: sinus arrhythmia• blood pressure• respiratory rate variability• tidal volume • ventilation • galvanic skin response• evoked response amplitude• evoked response latency
• evoked response latency• electroencehpalogram,• spectral components• time domain, • flicker fusion frequency• pupil diameter• electromyograms• electrooculograms
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Subjective Workload Measures
• Cooper-Harris – Manual control characteristics
• SWAT– Dimension based instrument
• NASA– 6-D assessment scales
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