BEST BRAIN STIMULATION TREATMENT FOR MENTAL ILLNESSES By Liam Phelan.
Mental Illnesses Have the Potential to Impact Every Aspect of an Individual
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Mental illnesses have the potential to impact every aspect of an individual's life, including relationships, education, work, and community involvement. According to the 2010 Gloal !urden of "isease #tudy, mental and ehavioural disorders account for almost a $uarter %2&( of years of life lost due to disaility and 1& of years of life lost due to disaility and premature mortality %i.e. disea se urden( in )anada. *eference+ootnoteii urthermore, results from a -orth American survey of organiations that operate in all ma/or industry sectio ns found mental health issues %e.g. depression, aniety and stress( to e the primary cause of short and longterm disaility in )anada. *eference Mental illnesses also have sustantial economic impacts, given their high prevalence and the associated impaired functioning. 3n 2004, the direct costs %i.e. hospital care, physician care and drug ependitures( associated with mental illness were estimated at approimately 54 illion in )anada. *eference4ootnoteiii 3ndirect costs associated with mental illness, including costs associated with disaility claims, lost productivity at school and work due to asenteeism and presenteeism, and social an d /udicial services , are much higher than direc t costs. *eference6*eference10 According to the 789, :more working days are lost as a result of mental disorders than physical conditions:. *eference11 "epending on the ependitures included, indirect costs related to mental illness in )anada have een shown to range from 511 to 5;0 illion. *eference4*eference6*eference12 C o m o rbidi t y of m e n t al ill n e s s es A mental illness fre$uently coeists with other mental illnesses, such as sustance ause and dependence, *eference1& as well as other chronic diseases or conditions. Many idirectional associations have een oserved although, these associations remain poorly understood. or instance, the early onset of depressive and aniety disorders has een shown to e associated with an increased risk of developing other chronic diseases or conditions in adult life, such as heart disease, asthma, diaetes, arthritis, chronic ack pain and chronic headaches. *eference1< 3n addition, mental illnesses can lead to unhealthy ehaviours that increase the risk of developing or eacerating chronic diseases or conditions. *eference1*eference1;*eference1+ or eample, people who report havin g a serious mental illness are more likely to report ein g a current smoker, and are also more likely to have chronic ronchitis or emphysema. *eference1+ )onverse ly, depressive and aniety disorders may result from the urden of living with a chronic disease or condition. *eference1*eference1; or eample, depression has een associated with various longterm medical conditions, *eference1 such as coronary heart disease. *eference14 Tr eat m en t Most mental illnesses can e treated so that people can maintain daytoday functioning and eperience full, meaningful lives. =reatment comes in many forms, including psychotherapy, counselling, psychosocial intervention and medication. *eference16 urthermore, community supports such as outreach services and income %i.e. social assistance(, vocational and housingrelated supports may e provided. 3n )anada, treatment and supports for mental illness are provided across many settings, including family physicians' and psychiatrists' offices, hospitals, outpatient programs and clinics, and community agencies. Many people pay out of pocket for treatment from private practitioners %e.g. psychotherapy y psychologists( or for private residential care.
Transcript of Mental Illnesses Have the Potential to Impact Every Aspect of an Individual
Mental illnesses have the potential to impact every aspect of an individual's life, includingrelationships, education, work, and community involvement. According to the 2010 Gloal!urden of "isease #tudy, mental and ehavioural disorders account for almost a $uarter%2&( of years of life lost due to disaility and 1& of years of life lost due to disaility and premature mortality %i.e. disease urden( in )anada.*eference+ootnoteii urthermore, results from a
-orth American survey of organiations that operate in all ma/or industry sections foundmental health issues %e.g. depression, aniety and stress( to e the primary cause of short andlongterm disaility in )anada.*eference
Mental illnesses also have sustantial economic impacts, given their high prevalence and theassociated impaired functioning. 3n 2004, the direct costs %i.e. hospital care, physician careand drug ependitures( associated with mental illness were estimated at approimately 54 illion in )anada. *eference4ootnoteiii 3ndirect costs associated with mental illness, including costs
associated with disaility claims, lost productivity at school and work due to asenteeism and presenteeism, and social and /udicial services, are much higher than directcosts. *eference6*eference10 According to the 789, :more working days are lost as a result of mental
disorders than physical conditions:.*eference11 "epending on the ependitures included, indirect
costs related to mental illness in )anada have een shown to range from 511 to 5;0 illion. *eference4*eference6*eference12
Comorbidity of mental illnesses
A mental illness fre$uently coeists with other mental illnesses, such as sustance ause anddependence, *eference1& as well as other chronic diseases or conditions. Many idirectional
associations have een oserved although, these associations remain poorly understood. orinstance, the early onset of depressive and aniety disorders has een shown to e associatedwith an increased risk of developing other chronic diseases or conditions in adult life, such asheart disease, asthma, diaetes, arthritis, chronic ack pain and chronic headaches.*eference1< 3n
addition, mental illnesses can lead to unhealthy ehaviours that increase the risk ofdeveloping or eacerating chronic diseases or conditions.*eference1*eference1;*eference1+ or eample,
people who report having a serious mental illness are more likely to report eing a currentsmoker, and are also more likely to have chronic ronchitis or emphysema.*eference1+ )onversely,
depressive and aniety disorders may result from the urden of living with a chronic diseaseor condition. *eference1*eference1; or eample, depression has een associated with various longterm
medical conditions, *eference1 such as coronary heart disease. *eference14
Treatment
Most mental illnesses can e treated so that people can maintain daytoday functioning andeperience full, meaningful lives. =reatment comes in many forms, including psychotherapy,counselling, psychosocial intervention and medication.*eference16 urthermore, community
supports such as outreach services and income %i.e. social assistance(, vocational andhousingrelated supports may e provided. 3n )anada, treatment and supports for mentalillness are provided across many settings, including family physicians' and psychiatrists'offices, hospitals, outpatient programs and clinics, and community agencies. Many people payout of pocket for treatment from private practitioners %e.g. psychotherapy y psychologists( or for private residential care.
Challenges for mental iIlness surveillance
