Mental Disorders EQ: How can mental disorders be identified?
Mental Disorders
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Transcript of Mental Disorders
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Mental Disorders
CHAPTER 17Most people with mental disorders have been overwhelmed by stress and can no longer cope. Another group suffer from disturbances created by chemical malfunctions.
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Causes of Mental Disorders
Combination of these reasons
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Definitions of Abnormal Behaviors1. The person may have extreme anxiety, endless
worry, and depression.
2. The person acts in bizarre ways. He or she cannot react normally or is constantly depressed.
3. The person cannot act out his or her role efficiently.
4. The person has self-defeating behaviors.
5. The person sees the world as threatening, dangerous, and rejecting.
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It’s All a Matter of Degree
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Disorders of Childhood
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Description:
Child may be unable to focus on a taskeasily distracted or frustratedimpulsiveconstantly moving and restless
Causes are still unknownTreatment varies
Ritalin (stimulant)Structuring the child’s environment1/3 of cases continue into adulthood
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Autism
fails to develop communication patterns, social interactions, and emotional responses.
is difficult to feed, and does not respond with smiles. may rock or stare off into space. may not attach to adults but will to objects. may not have recognition or a visible response to the
spoken word.
Description:
The child
Causes are unknown; may be brain malfunction; heredity may play a part.Treatment varies and is inconsistent. Degree of autism is biggest factor in deciding how to treat.
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Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety is a feeling of apprehension that includes sweating palms, erratic breathing,
and a pounding heart.
Click on the disorders for more information.
PhobiasObsessive-
Compulsive Behaviors
PanicDisorder
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Panic Disorders
Occur when the person
is under stress
Caused by physical
and chemicalproblems
Medicine canreduce
symptoms
Overwhelmingattacks of
anxiety
Psychotherapy can be useful Click for more information.
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Agoraphobia is fear of leaving a
familiar place.
Most phobics are women.
Certain objects or events can
“disable” a person.
Phobias
Can include very specific
categories such as snakes.
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Obsessions are recurring thoughts.
Some drugs can reduce symptoms.
Compulsions are ritualized
behaviors.
Result from guilt, anxiety,
and insecurity.
Obsessive-Compulsive Behaviors
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Somatoform Disorders
Conversion DisordersHypochondriasis
Psychological problem is converted into a physiological dysfunction.
People overly concerned about their health.
An illness occurs for every physical complaint.
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Memories related to a
trauma disappear.
Memories related to a
trauma disappear and
the person starts life all over.
A person will have several personalities
that are unique.
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Mood Disorders
Mania
BipolarMajor
Depression
Dysthymic Disorder
Moderate depression that will go
away without therapy
Lasting from a couple
of weeks to months
Restlessness, inability to
concentrate, and
rapid speech
Swings of mania
and depression
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Difficult to trace cause, as the problem can come and go without treatment.
Females are twice as likely to be moderately depressed and to suffer from dysthymic disorder as males; four times as likely to suffer from major depression. Males and females suffer from bipolar disorder at about the same rate, however.
Depression lies on a continuum from mild to severe; moderate depression can turn into major depression.
Causes of Mood Disorders
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Learned helplessness is a factor associated with depression. In this situation, people believe they are unable to help themselves get better.
People with poor self-images are more prone to depression.
Levels of the chemical serotonin in the brain also play a role in mania and depression.
Causes of Mood Disorders (continued)
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Characteristics of Psychotic Disorders
1. Thought Disorders . . . a distortion of thinking
4. Inappropriate emotional responses
3. Delusions . . . false or inaccurate beliefs
2. Hallucinations . . . to see or hear things that are not present
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Schizophrenic Disorders
Symptoms
Disorganized Thoughts
Hallucinations
Delusions
Garbled Speech
Word Salad
Clanging
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Types of Schizophrenia
Catatonic Paranoid Undifferentiated
Sufferers can hold an unusual
posture for hours
Feelings of persecution
and suspiciousness
Difficult to distinguishsymptoms
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Hereditary and Environmental Factors in Schizophrenia
1. Heredity plays a role but is not the only or major cause ( a person may have a predisposition).
2. Environment may play a role in the development of schizophrenia but is not the major factor.
3. A strange and bizarre family life may trigger appearance in someone who is predisposed.
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Chemical Factors in Schizophrenia
1. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter found in the brain.
2. Schizophrenics have very high levels of dopamine.
3. They report that they feel agitated, talk rapidly, and their thoughts are racing.
4. Some schizophrenics report that lower levels of dopamine make them feel better.
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Personality Disorders
Antisocial Personality Disorder
These people consistently come into conflict with the law and show little or no concern, guilt, or anxiety.
Borderline Personality Disorder
These people have unstable and intense relationships with others. They are dependent on others and yet, sabotage those relationships. They have problems controlling their impulses; their perceptions and thoughts are distorted.
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Summary of Main Topics Covered
Abnormal BehaviorsChildhood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Mood Disorders
ConversionHypochondriasis{
{ Amnesia, Fugue, D. I. D.
{ Dysthymic, Depression, Mania, Bipolar
Causes of Mental Disorders
ADHDAutism{
Panic Disorder, Phobias, Obsessive-Compulsive{
Psychotic DisordersSchizophrenic Disorders EXIT