Memory Skills

Course Objectives• Explain What is Memory• Explain the Importance of Memory• Explain Atkinson-Schiffrin Three-stage Model of Memory• Describe the Three Phases of Memory Activity• Describe the Retrieval Memory Effects• Explain the Analogy between Computer System and Memory System• Explain What is Retrieval Failure• Explain the Types of Interference• Describe the Techniques to Improve Memory • Explain What are Mnemonics• Explain What is the ‘Link’ Method• Explain the Strategies for Remembering Names • Explain the Strategies for Remembering Faces• Explain the Strategies for Remembering Important Numbers• List the Tips for Improving Memory

Introduction

• Jonathan Scheich is a manager at Globus Inc.

• Jonathan is an efficient and greatly talented employee.

• His bosses and subordinates greatly appreciate his work and capabilities.

• However, one major complaint that his subordinates have is that he always tends to forget things.

• He constantly needs to be reminded of important meetings, schedules, deadlines and even people’s names.

Introduction

• Jonathan maintains an online diary and calendar to remind him of his deadlines and schedules.

• However, in his busy routine he tends to overlook and forgets even the reminders given by his online calendar.

• His subordinates are not very happy with him as a manager and a leader because he always forgets their important days and misses out on wishing them on their birthdays and anniversaries.

• Many times, he even forgets the new employee’s names and has to be constantly reminded of their names.

Introduction

• In spite of being a good and efficient manager, Jonathan’s subordinates feel that he does not care about them to even remember their names and wish them on their important days.

• Hence, you can see that just being good at work is not the only thing that you need to succeed professionally.

Introduction

• Jonathan is a good manager but is not considered so by his subordinates due to his simple habit of forgetting.

• Jonathan does not consider his poor memory skills as something that he needs to work on.

• However, Jonathan is completely wrong to think that way.

Introduction

• Good memory skills are always a great skill to possess whether you are a student, a professional, a leader or even a housewife.

• Good memory skills not only help you to complete your tasks more efficiently and on time but also help to make a good impression on people.

Introduction

• When you remember your assigned tasks, their deadlines, people’s faces, names, birthdays etc. they tend to look up to you with respect.

• Thus, good ‘memory skill’ is an important skill to succeed in every walk of your life.

• Let us look at ‘Memory Skills’ in detail.

What is Memory?

• Memory is a boon to the human kind.

• Memory forms the basis due to which you identify, recognize and know your loved ones, friends, neighbors, enemies, language, skills, national anthem and everything that you know about yourself and your environment.

Importance of Memory

• In today’s fast-paced world, it is crucial that you should have a good memory.

• It is a good memory that will give you the ability to remember faces, names, facts, information, dates, events, circumstances and other things concerning your everyday life.

• Therefore, a good memory is crucial to help you achieve success in your career and personal life.

Atkinson-Schiffrin Three-stage Model of Memory

The Atkinson-Schiffrin Three-stage Model of Memory comprises of the following three components:

Sensory Memory

Short-term Memory

Long-term Memory

Let us look at each in detail.

Atkinson-Schiffrin Three-stage Model of MemoryThe given image shows the Atkinson-Schiffrin Three-stage Model of Memory:

Sensory Memory

• Environmental information is processed

• Large capacity for information

• Duration: 0.25—3.0 seconds

Short-Term Memory

• New information is received from sensory memory

• Limited capacity for information

• Duration: About 18 seconds

Long-Term Memory

• Information encoded in short-term memory is stored

• Unlimited capacity for information

• Duration: Potentially permanent

External Events

Encoding & Storage

Encoding

Retrieval

Sensory Input

Sensory MemoryThe duration of the memories varies for the different senses as shown in the image given below:

• Iconic – 0.5 sec long

• Echoic – 3 – 4 sec long

• Hepatic – <1 sec long

Spacing EffectSerial Position EffectPrimacy and Recency Effect

Serial Position Effect

Serial Position Effect

• This effect occurs due to the position or the order in which the information has been received by the person.

• So, it leads to the effect wherein a person may nicely recall first and last items on a list but poorly recall the middle items on the list.

Exercising Daily

• A research study by various experts has found that ‘exercising your body’ helps to a great extent in enhancing your brain functions.

• This is due to the fact that physical exercise increases the level of Brain-derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) in your body.

• BDNF is a substance that enhances communication between neurons and also helps in the growth and survival of neurons.

Real Life ExampleCarefully observe the given image and notice the various details shown in the image.

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Real Life Example

Answer the following questions based on your observation of the image:

• What was the sequence of colors of the pillows facing you?_____________________________________________

• What was the color of the floor lamp?_____________________________________________

• What time was shown by the clock?_____________________________________________

• What was the color of the flowers in the vase?_____________________________________________

ANSWERSClick on the 'Answers’ button to view the answers to the given questions

Real Life Example

Answer the following questions based on your observation of the image:

• What was the sequence of colors of the pillows facing you?_ Yellow, Purple, Green and Blue_____________

• What was the color of the floor lamp?_Black________________________________________

• What time was shown by the clock?_ 6:40 ________________________________________

• What was the color of the flowers in the vase?_ Red_________________________________________

NEXTClick on the ‘Next’ button to view the next image

What is the ‘Link’ Method?

The ‘Link Method’ is one of the most powerful

methods to remember and recall short lists such as

from grocery lists to the participants you want to cover

in a meeting or speech.

The ‘Link Method’ helps you to use your imagination

to create links. These links help you to make your

memories more memorable by making your

memories more vivid through

imagery and associations.

Strategies for Remembering Names

The following are a few powerful strategies you can use to remember people’s names:

• Always pay attention the first time you meet someone. You should carefully listen to the person’s name and face.

• If you feel that you have not been able to hear the name of the person clearly or correctly, you should always politely ask the person to repeat his name.

• After you feel you have correctly and clearly heard the person’s name, you should always repeat the name of the person in a clever way such as ‘Glad to meet you, John’ or ‘Glad to meet you Mr. Smith’.

Real Life ExampleYou will now see a few of Jonathan’s subordinates introducing themselves to you.

Hi, my name is Rachel. I am a Senior Graphic Designer.

Hello! I am Kevin. I am a Programmer at Globus.

Hello, my name is Rosaline. I work as an Instructional Designer at Globus.

Hi, my name is Louis. I work as Assistant Manager under Jonathan.

Hi, I am Sandra. I work as a Software Tester.

Hi, I am Edward. I work as a Graphic Designer.

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Strategies for Remembering Important Numbers

The following are a few powerful strategies you can use to remember important numbers such as mobile numbers, telephone numbers, bank account numbers and debit/credit card numbers and much more:

1. Numbers to Sentences

2. Numbers to Shapes

3. Numbers through Senses

4. Numbers through Associations

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