Memory Header

8/12/2019 Memory Header

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The

Memoir

Class


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The Memoir Class

for

Configurable Typesetting

User Guide

Peter Wilson

Maintained by Lars Madsen

Corresponding to memoir version v3.7b, 2013/05/30

THPThe Herries Press


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c 2001 2010 Peter R. Wilsonc 2011 2013 Lars Madsen

All rights reserved

The Herries Press, Normandy Park, WA.

Printed in the World

The paper used in this publication may meet the minimum requirements of the American National Standard forInformation Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.481984.

10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

First edition: 3 June 2001Second impression, with corrections: 2 July 2001Second edition: 14 July 2001Second impression, with corrections: 3 August 2001Third impression, with minor additions: 31 August 2001Third edition: 17 November 2001Fourth edition: 16 March 2002Fifth edition: 10 August 2002Sixth edition: 31 January 2004Seventh edition: 10 May 2008Eighth impression, with very minor corrections: 12 July 2008Ninth impression, with additions and corrections: 8 July 2009Eighth edition: August 2009

Manual last changed 2013/05/22


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memoir,n. a written record set down as material for a history or biography:a biographical sketch: a record of some study investigated by the writer: (in

pl.) the transactions of a society. [Fr. mmoire L.memoria,memory memor,

mindful.]Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary, New Edition, 1972.

memoir,n. [Fr. mmoire,masc., a memorandum, memoir, fem., memory


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Short contents

Short contentsvii

Contentsix

List of Figuresxvii

List of Tablesxx

List of typeset examplesxxii

Prefacexxiii

Introduction to the eighth editionxxv

Remarks to the userxxxiii

Terminology xxxv

1 Starting off1

2 Laying out the page7

3 Text and fonts33

4 Titles55

5 Abstracts69

6 Document divisions73

7 Pagination and headers105

8 Paragraphs and lists123

9 Contents lists141

10 Floats and captions169

vii


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viii SHORT CONTENTS

11 Rows and columns207

12 Page notes231

13 Decorative text251

14 Poetry257

15 Boxes, verbatims and files273

16 Cross referencing295

17 Back matter299

18 Miscellaneous321

19 For package users347

20 An example book design 351

21 An example thesis design359

A Packages and macros379

B Showcases383

C Sniplets401

D Pictures409

E LaTeX and TeX429

F The terrors of errors447

G Comments471

Notes473

Command summary475

Bibliography517

Index525

Index of first lines569


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Contents

Short contents vii

Contents ix

List of Figures xvii

List of Tables xx

List of typeset examples xxii

Preface xxiii

Introduction to the eighth edition xxvGeneral considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvClass options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxviSectioning styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxviCaptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxviiTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii

Verse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxviiiEnd matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxixMiscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxixPackages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxixResources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxType conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiAcknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi

Remarks to the user xxxiii

Terminology xxxvUnits of measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxvi

1 Starting off 11.1 Stock paper size options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Type size options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2.1 Extended font sizes31.3 Printing options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.4 Other options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

ix


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x CONTENTS

1.5 Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 Laying out the page 7

2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.2 Stock material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.3 The page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 The typeblock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.5 Headers, footers and marginal notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.6 Putting it together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.7 Side margins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.8 Printing and viewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.9 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.9.1 The page layout of this manual272.10 Predefined layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3 Text and fonts 33

3.1 Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.2 Font sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.3 Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

3.3.1 Paragraphs47,3.3.2 Double spacing483.4 Overfull lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.5 Sloppybottom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.6 Text case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

3.6.1 Nested text53

4 Titles 554.1 Styling the titling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614.2 Styling the thanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

5 Abstracts 695.1 Styling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.2 One column abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

6 Document divisions 736.1 Logical divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736.2 Sectional divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

6.2.1 Appendices766.3 Numbering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776.4 Book and part headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

6.4.1 Leadpage816.5 Chapter headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

6.5.1 Defining a chapter style 85 , 6.5.2 Further chapterstyles 88 , 6.5.3 Chapterprecis90

6.6 Lower level headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926.7 Fancy anonymous breaks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976.8 Footnotes in division headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1006.9 Predefined heading styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100


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7 Pagination and headers 1057.1 Pagination and folios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057.2 Page styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067.3 Making headers and footers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

7.3.1 Example pagestyles 111 , 7.3.2 Index headers 117 , 7.3.3 Float pages 1177.4 The showlocs pagestyle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1207.5 Other things to do with page styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

8 Paragraphs and lists 1238.1 Paragraphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

8.1.1 Block paragraph123,8.1.2 Hanging paragraphs1248.2 Flush and ragged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1258.3 Quotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1268.4 Some less common paragraph shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

8.4.1 Last line not short128 , 8.4.2 Russian typography128 , 8.4.3 Fill withrules129,8.4.4 Some ragged paragraphs129,8.4.5 Left spring right131

8.5 Changing the textwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318.6 Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

9 Contents lists 1419.1 General ToC methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1419.2 The class ToC methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

9.2.1 Changing the titles147, 9.2.2 Typesetting the entries149 ,9.2.3 Ex-ample: No section number158, 9.2.4 Example: Multicolumn entries159,9.2.5 Example: Multiple contents159

9.3 New List of. . . and entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1629.3.1 Example: plates166

9.4 Chapter precis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1679.5 Contents lists and bookmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

10 Floats and captions 16910.1 New float environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

10.1.1 Margin floats17110.2 Setting off a float . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17110.3 Multiple floats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17310.4 Where LaTeX puts floats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17710.5 Captions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18310.6 Caption styling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18310.7 Continuation captions and legends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18710.8 Bilingual captions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19210.9 Subcaptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19410.10 Side captions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

10.10.1 Tweaks19910.11 How LaTeX makes captions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20110.12 Footnotes in captions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20510.13 The class versus the caption package (and its friends) . . . . . . . . . . . 206


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11 Rows and columns 20711.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20711.2 The preamble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

11.2.1 D column specifiers209, 11.2.2 Defining new column specifiers 212,11.2.3 Surprises212

11.3 The array environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21311.4 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21511.5 Fears rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

11.5.1 Fills21911.6 Tabular environments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

11.6.1 Examples22111.7 Spaces and rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

11.7.1 Spacing 225 , 11.7.2 Special variations on horizontal lines 226 ,11.7.3 Handling of rules226

11.8 Free tabulars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22711.8.1 Continuous tabulars227,11.8.2 Automatic tabulars228

12 Page notes 23112.1 Footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

12.1.1 A variety of footnotes232,12.1.2 Styling23412.2 Marginal notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23812.3 Side notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23912.4 Sidebars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24012.5 Side footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

12.5.1 Bottom aligned side footnotes 243 , 12.5.2 Setting the layout for\sidefootnote 243, 12.5.3 Styling \sidefootnote 244, 12.5.4 Side

footnote example24512.6 Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

12.6.1 Changing the appearance24713 Decorative text 251

13.1 Epigraphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25113.2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25213.3 Epigraphs before chapter headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

13.3.1 Epigraphs on book or part pages256

14 Poetry 25714.1 Classy verse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

14.1.1 Indented lines263,14.1.2 Numbering26414.2 Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

14.2.1 Main Poem Title layout parameters 266, 14.2.2 Detailed Poem Titlelayout parameters266

14.3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267A Limerick267,Loves lost268,Fleas268,In the beginning269,Mathemat-ics269,The Young Lady of Ryde270,Clementine271,Mouses Tale272

15 Boxes, verbatims and files 273


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15.1 Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27415.2 Long comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27815.3 Verbatims. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

15.3.1 Boxed verbatims281,15.3.2 New verbatims283,15.3.3 Example: thelcodeenvironment284

15.4 Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28515.4.1 Writing to a file287, 15.4.2 Reading from a file 287, 15.4.3 Example:endnotes288,15.4.4 Example: end floats288,15.4.5 Example: questions andanswers291

15.5 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

16 Cross referencing 29516.1 Labels and references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29516.2 Reference by name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

17 Back matter 299

17.1 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29917.1.1 BibTex301

17.2 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30217.2.1 Printing an index302,17.2.2 Preparing an index304,17.2.3 MakeIn-dex306 ,17.2.4 Controlling MakeIndex output310, 17.2.5 Indexing andthenatbibpackage312

17.3 Glossaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31317.3.1 Controlling the glossary314

18 Miscellaneous 321In which we talk of many things, but not shoes or ships or sealing wax, nor cabbagesand kings.18.1 Draft documents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

18.2 Change marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32118.3 Trim marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32218.4 Sheet numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32418.5 Gatherings or signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32418.6 Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32618.7 Page breaks before lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32618.8 Changing counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32718.9 New new and provide commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32818.10 Changing macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32818.11 String arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32918.12 Odd/even page checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33018.13 Moving to another page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33118.14 Number formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

18.14.1 Numeric numbers332 , 18.14.2 Named numbers333, 18.14.3 Frac-tions335

18.15 An array data structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33618.16 Checking the processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337


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18.16.1 Checking for pdfLaTeX 337 , 18.16.2 Checking for etex 338 ,18.16.3 Checking for XeTeX338

18.17 Leading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33818.18 Minor space adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33818.19 Adding a period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33918.20 Words and phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33918.21 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33918.22 Two simple macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34118.23 Vertical centering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34118.24 For package writers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

18.24.1 Emulating packages341,18.24.2 Inserting code before and after a file,package or class342

18.25 Heading hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34418.26 Documenting LaTeX commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

19 For package users 34719.1 Class/package name clash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34719.2 Support for bididirectional typesetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

20 An example book design 35120.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35120.2 Design requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35120.3 Specifying the page and typeblock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35220.4 Specifying the sectional titling styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

20.4.1 The chapter style354,20.4.2 Lower level divisions35420.5 Specifying the pagestyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35520.6 Captions and the ToC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35620.7 Preamble or package?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

21 An example thesis design 35921.1 Example US thesis typographic requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

21.1.1 General359 , 21.1.2 Preliminary matter360 , 21.1.3 Table of con-tents361,21.1.4 Lists361,21.1.5 Main text362 ,21.1.6 Backmatter362

21.2 Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36321.2.1 Initialisation363, 21.2.2 Page layout364, 21.2.3 Page styles365,21.2.4 The ToC and friends 366 , 21.2.5 Chapter styling 367 , 21.2.6 Sec-tion, etc., styling368, 21.2.7 Captions 368, 21.2.8 The bibliography368,21.2.9 End notes369,21.2.10 Preliminary headings369,21.2.11 Componentsof the title and approval pages370,21.2.12 The title and approval pages371,21.2.13 The last bits374

21.3 Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37421.4 Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

A Packages and macros 379A.1 Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379A.2 Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380


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B Showcases 383B.1 Chapter styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

B.1.1 Chappell396,B.1.2 Demo, Demo2 and demo3397,B.1.3 Pedersen397,B.1.4 Southall398,B.1.5 Veelo399

C Sniplets 401Sniplet C.1 (Mirroring the output). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Sniplet C.2 (Remove pagenumber if only one page) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402Sniplet C.3 (A kind of draft note) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402Sniplet C.4 (Adding indentation to footnotes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Sniplet C.5 (Background image and trimmarks). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Sniplet C.6 (Autoadjusted number widths in the ToC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Sniplet C.7 (Using class tools to make a chapter ToC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405Sniplet C.8 (An appendix ToC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

D Pictures 409

D.1 Basic principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409D.2 Picture objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

D.2.1 Text 411, D.2.2 Boxes 412, D.2.3 Lines 417, D.2.4 Arrows 419 ,D.2.5 Circles419

D.3 Repetitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422D.4 Bezier curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

E LaTeX and TeX 429E.1 The TeX process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430E.2 LaTeX files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431E.3 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432E.4 (La)TeX commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433E.5 Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

E.5.1 Numbers436,E.5.2 Lengths437E.6 Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

F The terrors of errors 447F.1 TeX messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

F.1.1 TeX capacity exceeded456F.2 LaTeX errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458F.3 LaTeX warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462F.4 Class errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465F.5 Class warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

G Comments 471G.1 Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

G.1.1 Autoadjusting\marginparwidth471

Notes 473Chapter 3 Text and fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473Chapter 12 Page notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474


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xvi CONTENTS

Command summary 475

Bibliography 517

Index 525

Index of first lines 569


17/608


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xviii LIST OF FIGURES

10.5 Example float with two illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17310.6 Graphic 1 in a float . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17410.7 Graphic 2 in same float . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17410.8 Left center aligned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17510.9 Right figure. This has more text than the adjacent caption (10.8) so the

heights are unequal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17510.10 Left top aligned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17610.11 Right figure. This has more text than the adjacent caption (10.10) so the

heights are unequal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17610.12 Left bottom aligned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17610.13 Right figure. This has more text than the adjacent caption (10.12) so the

heights are unequal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17610.14 Float and text page parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17910.15 Float parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18010.16 Long\bitwonumcaption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19310.16 Lang\bitwonumcaption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19310.17 Long English\bionenumcaption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Lang Deutsch\bionenumcaption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19310.18 Short English\bicaption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19410.19 Figure with two subfigures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

(a) Subfigure 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197(b) Subfigure 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

10.20 A picture is worth a thousand words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20410.21 A different kind of figure caption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

11.1 Example of a regulartabular. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22211.2 Exampletabularxandtabular*with widths of 250pt . . . . . . . . . . . 22211.3 Exampletabularxandtabular*with widths of 300pt . . . . . . . . . . . 223

11.4 Changing the width of a row ordered table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22911.5 Changing the width of a column ordered table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

12.1 Footnote layout parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23512.2 Interpretation of the arguments to the\Xmargincommands for specifying

the side in which to place side note like material.X here equalsmarginpar,sidepar,sidebar, orsidefoot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

12.3 Example endnote listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

17.1 Raw indexing: (left) index commands in the source text; (right) idx file entries 30717.2 Processed index: (left) alphabeticizedindfile; (right) typeset index . . . . . 308

18.1 The four trimmark types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325(a) \trimXmarks(default) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325(b) \trimLmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325(c) \trimFrame. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325(d) \quarkmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

21.1 Example Archibald Smythe University title page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372


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21.2 Example Archibald Smythe University approval page . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

B.1 The default chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

B.2 The section chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384B.3 The hangnum chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384B.4 The companion chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385B.5 The article chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385B.6 The bianchi chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386B.7 The bringhurst chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386B.8 The brotherton chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387B.9 The chappell chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387B.10 The crosshead chapterstyle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388B.11 The culver chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388B.12 The dash chapterstyle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388B.13 The demo2 chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389B.14 The dowding chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389B.15 The ell chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390B.16 The ger chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390B.17 The komalike chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391B.18 The lyhne chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391B.19 The madsen chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392B.20 The ntglike chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393B.21 The southall chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393B.22 The tandh chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394B.23 The thatcher chapterstyle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394B.24 The veelo chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395B.25 The verville chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395B.26 The wilsondob chapterstyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

D.1 Some points in the cartesian coordinate system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410D.2 Specification of a line or arrow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419D.3 Sloping lines and arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420D.4 Some measuring scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423D.5 Two Bezier curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427


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List of Tables

1 Traditional font size designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxvi2 Printers units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxvi

1.1 Class stock metric paper size options, and commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Class stock US paper size options, and commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 Class stock British paper size options, and commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.1 Arguments and results for\settrimmedsizeand\settypeblocksize . 122.2 Average characters per line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.3 Lowercase alphabet lengths, in points, for various fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.4 Arguments and results for\setlrmargins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.5 Arguments and results for\setlrmarginsandblock . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.6 Arguments and results for\setulmargins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.7 Arguments and results for\setulmarginsandblock . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.8 Arguments and results for\setheaderspaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.9 The class and LaTeX page layout parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.10 Results from sample\textheightadjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.1 Glyphs in the LaTeX supplied Palatino roman font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.2 Glyphs in the LaTeX distributed Symbol font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.3 Glyphs in the LaTeX distributed Zapf Dingbat font. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.4 Font categorisation and commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.5 Font declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.6 Standard font size declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.7 Standard font sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.8 Thememoirclass font size declarations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.9 Thememoirclass font sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

6.1 Division levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786.2 Default display sectioning layout parameter values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936.3 Default run-in sectioning layout parameter values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936.4 Values forSin section styling macro names.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936.5 Default fonts for sectional headings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1016.6 Fonts used by different headstyles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

7.1 The use of\thispagestyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

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7.2 Mark macros for page headers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

9.1 Indents and Numwidths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

9.2 Values forXin macros for styling the titles of List of... . . . . . . . . . . . . 1479.3 Value ofKin macros for styling entries in a List of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

10.1 Float placement parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18110.2 Float spacing parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18110.3 Redesigned table caption style. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18610.4 A multi-part table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18810.5 Another table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Legendary table (toc 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Legendary table (toc 2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18910.6 Permitted arguments for some sidecaption related commands . . . . . . . . 200

11.1 The array and tabular preamble options.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

11.2 Demonstrating the parts of a table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21611.3 Two views of one table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21611.4 Micawbers law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21711.5 A narrow table split half and half . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21711.6 Example table with fills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22011.7 Example automatic row ordered table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

12.1 Some footnote text styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

17.1 MakeIndexconfiguration file input parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30717.2 MakeIndexconfiguration file output parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

18.1 Defined words and phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

E.1 Some internal macros for numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437


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List of typeset examples

3.1 Badly mixed fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.2 Sometimes mixed fonts work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.3 Emphasis upon emphasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424.1 Example\maketitletitle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626.1 A variety of subhead styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

8.1 Setting the source of a quotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1278.2 Paragraphs line not too short . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1288.3 Rules for spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1298.4 Ragged paragraphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1308.5 A sprung paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318.6 Smallcap quote style description list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1358.7 Changing space before and after lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13911.1 Tabular with narrow and wide headings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21114.1 Phantom text in verse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26214.2 Verse with regular quote marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26314.3 Verse with hanging left quote marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26316.1 Named references should be to titled elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29716.2 Current title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29818.1 TeXs minimum number in words (English style) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33318.2 TeXs maximum number in words (American style) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33418.3 Varieties of fractions in text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33518.4 Super- and subscripts in text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336D.1 Picture: text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412D.2 Picture: text in boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413D.3 Picture: positioning text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414D.4 Picture: dashed box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414D.5 Picture: framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415D.6 Picture: stacking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416D.7 Picture: saved boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417D.8 Picture: circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

D.9 Picture: ovals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421D.10 Picture: text in oval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422D.11 Picture: repetitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

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Preface

From personal experience and also from lurking on the comp.text.texnewsgroup themajor problems with using LaTeX are related to document design. Some years ago mostquestions oncttwere answered by someone providing a piece of code that solved a par-ticular problem, and again and again. More recently these questions are answered alongthe lines of Use the package, and again and again.

I have used many of the more common of these packages but my filing system is notalways well ordered and I tend to mislay the various user manuals, even for the packages Ihave written. Thememoirclass is an attempt to integrate some of the more design-relatedpackages with the LaTeXbookclass. I chose thebookclass as thereportclass is virtuallyidentical tobook, except thatbookdoes not have anabstractenvironment whilereportdoes; however it is easy to fake anabstractif it is needed. With a little bit of tweaking,book class documents can be made to look just like article class documents, and the memoirclass is designed with tweaking very much in mind.

Thememoirclass effectively incorporates the facilties that are usually accessed by us-ing external packages. In most cases the class code is new code reimplementing packagefunctionalities. The exceptions tend to be where I have cut and pasted code from someof my packages. I could not have written thememoirclass without the excellent workpresented by the implementors of LaTeX and its many packages.

Apart from packages that I happen to have written I have gained many ideas fromthe other packages listed in the Bibliography. One way or another their authors have allcontributed, albeit unknowingly. The participants in the comp.text.tex newsgroup havealso provided valuable input, partly by questioning how to do something in LaTeX, andpartly by providing answers. It is a friendly and educational forum.

PETERWILSONSeattle, WA

June 2001

Chapter last updated 2013/04/24 (revision 442)

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25/608

Introduction to the eighth edition

Thememoirclass and this manual have seen many changes since they first saw the light ofday. The major functions, and extensions to them, were listed in the various introductionsto the previous editions of this manual and it would now be tedious to read them.

Thememoirclass was first released in 2001 and since then has proven to be reasonablypopular. The class can be used as a replacement for thebookandreportclasses, by default

generating documents virtually indistinguisable from ones produced by those classes. Theclass includes some options to produce documents with other appearances; for example anarticleclass look or one that looks as though the document was produced on a typewriterwith a single font, double spacing, no hyphenation, and so on. In the following I use theterm standard class to denote the bookand reportclasses and, when appropriate, thearticleclass as well.

Thememoirclass includes the functionality of many packages, for instance thetocloftpackage for controlling the table of contents or methods similar to thefancyhdrpackagefor designing your own headers. The built-in package functions are mainly related todocument design and layout;memoir does not touch upon areas like those that are coveredby thebabelorhyperrefpackages or any related to typesetting mathematics. On the otherhand it is easy to configure a work produced with memoirto meet a universitys thesislayout requirements.

memoirhas improved substantially since it was first released over 50 LaTeXers haveprovided code or suggestions for improvements. The class is included in the TeX UsersGroup TeX distributions and the latest version of the class and its supporting documenta-tion is always available fromCTANatlatex/contrib/memoir.

This is not a guide to the general use of LaTeX but rather concentrates on where thememoir class differs from the standard LaTeX bookand reportclasses. There are othersources that deal with LaTeX in general, some of which are noted later. I assume that youhave already used LaTeX and therefore know how to prepare a LaTeX manuscript, how torun LaTeX and print the resulting document, and that you can also use auxiliary programslikeMakeIndexandBibTeX.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

The class is a large one consisting of about 10,000 lines of LaTeX code documented in a 400page report; there is no need for most users to look at this [Wil09b]. However if you wantto see exactly how some part, or all of,memoiris defined it is there for you to peruse. Thedocument youare now reading is the separate comprehensive User Manual [Wil07c] whichruns to about 500 pages, and from time to time an Addendum is released noting extensions


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xxvi INTRODUCTION TO THE EIGHTH EDITION

to the class.1 Again, if you want to see how something was done in this Manual, which ofcourse was prepared usingmemoiritself, the source is available for you to read.

The previous editions of the Manual consisted of two parts. The first discussing someaspects of book design and typography in general, something that I hadnt come across inthe usual LaTeX books and manuals. That was intended to provide a little background forwhen you design your own printed documents. The second, and by far the longest part,described the capabilities ofmemoirand how to use them.

The Manual kept growing until it was approaching 700 pages and I decided that it wasbetter to put the original discussion on typography into a separate document [Wil09d],which is independent ofmemoir, and in this edition concentrate on how to use memoir.This has reduced the size of this document, but it is still large.

This manual is not a LaTeX tutorial; I assume that you already know the basics. Ifyou dont then there are several free tutorials available. In some instances I show youthe internal code for the class which may involve LaTeX commands that you wont comeacross in the tutorials and also sometimes basic TeX commands. Information on these, ifyou want it, is obtained from reading the LaTeX sourceitself and the TeXbook, and perhapsone of the free TeX manuals such asTeX for the Impatient[AHK90] orTeX by Topic[Eij92].

CLASS OPTIONS

The standard classes provide point options of 10, 11, or 12 points for the main body font.memoirextends this by also providing a 9 point option, and options ranging from 14 to60 points. The width of the text block is automatically adjusted according to the selectedpoint size to try and keep within generally accepted typographical limits for line lengths;you can override this if you wish. The class also provides easy methods for specifying thepage layout parameters such as the margins both the side margins and those at the topand bottom of the page; the methods are similar to those of thegeometrypackage.

The page layout facilities also include methods, like those provided by the fancyhdr

package, for defining your own header and footer styles, and you can have as many differ-ent ones as you wish. In fact the class provides seven styles to choose from before havingto create your own if none of the built-in styles suit you.

Sometimes it is useful, or even required, to place trimming marks on each page show-ing the desired size of the final page with respect to the sheet of paper that is used in theprinter. This is provided by theshowtrimsoption. A variety of trim marks are providedand you can define your own if you need some other kind.

SECTIONING STYLES

Handles are provided for designing and using your own styles for chapter titles and such.The class comes with over 20 predefined chapter styles ranging from the default look toa style that mimics that used in theCompanionseries of LaTeX books. There are even a

couple which use words instead of numerals for chapter numbers.For those who like putting quotations near chapter titles the epigraphenvironmentcan be used.

1Currently not in use.


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CAPTIONS xxvii

The options for changing \sectionand lower level titles are more constrained, butgenerally speaking document design, unless for advertisements or other eye-catchingephemera, should be constrained. The class does provide 9 integrated sets of sectionalheading styles instead of the usual single set.

Sometimes, but particularly in novels, a sectional division is indicated by just leaving ablank line or two between a pair of paragraphs, or there might be some decorative item likethree or four asterisks, or a fleuron or two. (Afleuronis a printers ornament looking like aleaf, such as or .) Commands are available for typesetting such anonymous divisions.

In the standard classes the sectioning commands have an optional argument whichcan be used to put a short version of the section title into the table of contents and thepage header.memoirextends this with a second optional argument so you can specify oneshort version for the contents and an even shorter one for page headers where space is ata premium.

CAPTIONS

memoir incorporates the code from my ccaptionpackage which lets you easily modifythe appearance of figure and table captions; bilingual captions are available if required,as are captions placed at the side of a figure or table or continuation captions from, say,one illustration to another. Captioning can also be applied to non-floating illustrationsor as legends (i.e., unnumbered captions) to the regular floats. The captioning system alsosupports subfigures and subtables along the lines of the subfigpackage, plus letting youdefine your own new kinds of floats together with the corresponding List of....

TABLES

Code from thearray,dcolumn,delarrayandtabularxpackges is integrated within the class.To improve the appearance of rules in tabular material the booktabspackage is also in-

cluded.Multipage tabulations are often set with thelongtableor xtabpackages, which can ofcourse be used with the class. For simple tabulations that may continue from one pageto the next,memoiroffers a continuous tabular environment. This doesnt have all theflexibility provided by the packages but can often serve instead of using them.

More interestingly, but more limited, the class provides automatic tabulars. For theseyou provide a list of simple entries, like a set of names, and a number of columns and theentries are automatically put into the appropriate column. You choose whether the entriesshould be added row-by-row, like this with the\autorowscommand:

\autorows{c}{5}{l}{one, two, three, four,

five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten,

eleven, twelve, thirteen }

one two three four fivesix seven eight nine teneleven twelve thirteen

Or if you use the \autocolscommand the entries are listed column-by-column, likethis :


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xxviii INTRODUCTION TO THE EIGHTH EDITION

\autocols{c}{5}{l}{one, two, three, four,

five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten,

eleven, twelve, thirteen }

one four seven ten thirteentwo five eight eleventhree six nine twelve

VERSE

The standard classes provide a very simple verseenvironment for typesetting poetry.This is greatly extended in memoir. For example in the standard classes the verse stanzasare at a fixed indentation from the left margin whereasmemoirlets you control the amountof indentation so that you canmake a poem appearoptically centered withinthe textwidth.

Stanzas may be numbered, as can individual lines within a poem. There is a specialenvironment for stanzas where lines are alternately indented. Also you can define an

indentation pattern forstanzas when this is not regular as, for example, in a limerick wherethe 3rd and 4th of the five lines are indented with respect to the other three as shown below.\indentpattern{00110}

\begin{verse}

\begin{patverse}

There was a young man of Quebec \\

Who was frozen in snow to his neck. \\

When asked: Are you friz? \\

He replied: Yes, I is, \\

But we dont call this cold in Quebec.

\end{patverse}

\end{verse}

There was a young man of QuebecWho was frozen in snow to his neck.

When asked: Are you friz?He replied: Yes, I is,

But we dont call this cold in Quebec.

It is not always possible to fit a line into the available space and you can specify the par-ticular indentation to be used when a logical verse line spills over the available textwidth,thus forming two or more typeset physical lines. On other occasions where there are twohalf lines the poet might want the second half line to start where the first one finished, likethis:

\begin{verse}

Come away with me. \\

\vinphantom{Come away with me.} Impossible!\end{verse}

Come away with me.Impossible!


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END MATTER xxix

END MATTER

Normally appendices come after the main body of a book. The class provides various

methods for introducing appendices at the end, or you can place one or more appendicesat the end of selected chapters if that suits you better.memoiralso lets you have more than one index and an index can be set in either the

normal double column style or as a single column which would be more appropriate, say,for an index of first lines in a book of poetry. The titles of any bibliography or indexes areadded to the table of contents, but you can prevent this if you wish.

The class provides a set of tools for making glossaries or lists of symbols, the appear-ance of which can, of course, be easily altered. TheMakeIndexprogram is used to sort theentries. Also, the class provides configurable end notes which can be used as well as, orinstead of, footnotes.

MISCELLANEOUS

Hooks and macros are provided for most aspects of document layout; for instance, foot-notes can be as normal, typeset in two or three columns, or all run into a single paragraph.There is a\sideparmacro which is a non-floating\marginparas well as the\sidebarmacro for typesetting sidebars in the margin, starting at the top of the text block. Youcan create new verbatim-like environments, read and write information in external files,design your own style of\maketitle, convert numbers to words, reserve space at thebottom of a page, and so on and so forth.

PACKAGES

Most packages work with the memoir class, the main exceptionbeing thehyperrefpackage.This package modifies many of the internals of the standard classes but does not cater forall of the differences betweenmemoirand the standard ones. If you wish to usehyperrefwithmemoirthen you must use thememhfixcpackage2 after usinghyperref. For examplelike:

\documentclass[...]{memoir}

...

\usepackage[...]{hyperref}

\usepackage{memhfixc}

...

\begin{document}

However, if you have a version ofhyperrefdated 2006/11/15 or after,hyperrefwill auto-matically call inmemhfixcso that you dont have to do anything.

Thememoirclass includes code either equivalent to, or extensions of, the followingpackages; that is, the set of commands and environments is at least the same as those in

the packages: abstract,appendix,array,booktabs,ccaption,chngcntr,chngpage,dcolumn,delarray,enumerate,epigraph,framed,ifmtarg,ifpdf,index,makeidx,moreverb,needspace,newfile,nextpage,parskip,patchcmd,setspace,shortvrb,showidx,tabularx,titleref,titling,tocbibind,tocloft,verbatim,verse. The class automatically ignores any \usepackageor

2memhfixcis supplied as part of the memoirdistribution.


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xxx INTRODUCTION TO THE EIGHTH EDITION

\RequirePackagerelated to these. However, if you want to specifically use one of thesepackages rather than the integrated version then you can do so. For arguments sake, as-suming you really want to use thetitlingpackage you can do this:

\documentclass[...]{memoir}

\DisemulatePackage{titling}

\usepackage{titling}

Thememoirclass incorporates a version of thesetspacepackage, albeit using differentnames for the macros. The package enables documents to be set double spaced but leavessome document elements, like captions for example, single spaced. To do this it has tomake some assumptions about how the document class works. I felt that this kind ofcapability should be part of the class and not depend on assumptions. In the particularcase of the setspace package, even with the standard classes, there can be some unexpectedspacing around displayed material; this has not occured withmemoirs implementation.

The class also provides functions similar to those provided by the following packages,although the commands are different:crop, fancyhdr, geometry, sidecap, subfigure, titlesec.

You can use these packages if you wish, or just use the capabilities of thememoirclass.The class has built in support for thebidipackage for bidirectional typesetting [Kha10].

RESOURCES

Scattered throughout are comments about aspects of book design and typography, in somecases accompanied by examples of better and poorer practice. If you want more commentsand examples there are some notes on the topic [Wil09d], and for authorative remarksthere are several books on the subject listed in the Bibliography; I prefer Bringhursts TheElements of Typographic Style[Bri99], while Derek Birdsalls notes on book design[Bir04] ismuch more oriented to illustrated works, like museum catalogues and art books.

LaTeX is based on the TeX program which was designed principally for typesettingdocuments containing a lot of mathematics. In such works the mathematics breaks up the

flow of the text on the page, and the vertical space required for displayed mathematicsis highly dependent on the mathematical particularities. Most non-technical books aretypeset on a fixed grid as they do not have arbitrary insertions into the text; it is thesekinds of publications that typographers are most comfortable talking about.

There are other sources that deal with LaTeX in general, some of which are listed in theBibliography. Lamport [Lam94]is of course the original user manual for LaTeX, while theCompanion series [MG+04,GM+07,GR99]go into further details and auxiliary programs.George Grtzers Math into LaTeXis valuable if you typeset a lot of mathematics withexcellent coverage of the American Mathematical Societys packages.

The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN) is an invaluable source of free in-formation and of the LaTeX system itself. For general questions see the FAQ (FrequentlyAsked Questions, and answers) maintained by Robin Fairbairns[FAQ], which also haspointers to many information sources. Among these areThe Not So Short Introduction to

LaTeX2e[Oet], Keith ReckdahlsUsing imported graphics in LaTeX2e [Rec97] and Piet vanOostrumsPage layout in LaTeX[Oos96]. Peter Flynns Formatting information [Fly98]isunique in that it describes how to install a LaTeX system and editors for writing your doc-uments as well as how to use LaTeX. There are a myriad of packages and software toolsfreely available to enhance any LaTeX system; the great majority of these are listed in Gra-ham Williams magnificent on line searchable catalogue [Wil00], which also links directly


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TYPE CONVENTIONS xxxi

toCTAN. This is just one of the services offered by the TeX Users Group (TUG) and infor-mation on how to access it is available at http://www.tug.orgwhich is the homepagefor the TeX Users Group.

The most recent crops of messages on thecomp.text.texnewsgroup (CTT) show anincreasing interest in using a wider range of fonts with LaTeX. This is a question that I haveleft alone. Alan Hoenigs book [Hoe98]is the best guide to this that I know of. CTANhostsPhilipp Lehmans font installation guide [Leh04]; this is well worth looking at just as anexample of fine typesetting.

The source code for the memoirclass is, of course, freely available from CTANif youwish to see exactly what it does and how it does it.

For a more interactive resource you can ask questions on the comp.text.texnews-group. If you are a newcomer toCTTplease read the FAQ[FAQ]before asking a question,and also read a few days worth of messages to check that your question hasnt just beenanswered.

TYPE CONVENTIONSThe following conventions are used:

The names of LaTeX classes and packages are typeset in this font. Class options are typeset in this font. The names of chapterstyles and pagestyles are typeset in this font. LaTeX code is typeset in this font. The names of programs are in this font.

Macro command syntax is enclosed in a rectangular box.For referential purposes, arguments are denoted by arg

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Many people have contributed to thememoirclass and this manual in the forms of code,solutions to problems, suggestions for new functions, bringing my attention to errors andinfelicities in the code and manual, and last but not least in simply being encouraging.I am very grateful to the following for all they have done, whether they knew it or not:Paul Abrahams, William Adams, Tim Arnold, Donald Arseneau, Stephan von Bechtol-sheim, Jens Berger, Karl Berry, Ingo Beyritz, Javier Bezos, Stefano Bianchi, Sven Bovin,Alan Budden, Ignasi Furi Caldentey, Ezequiel Martn Cmara, David Carlisle, GustafoCevolani, Jean-Cme Charpentier, Michael A. Cleverly, Steven Douglas Cochran, Fred-eric Connes, arko F. Cucej, Christopher Culver, Iain Dalton, Michael W. Daniels, MichaelDownes, Christopher Dutchyn, Thomas Dye, Victor Eijkhout, Roman Eisele, Danie Els,Robin Fairbairns, Simon Fear, Antnio Ferreira, Kai von Fintel, Ivars Finvers, Ulrike Fis-cher, Matthew Ford, Musa Furber, Daniel Richard G, Ignacio Fernndez Galvn, Ger-

ardo Garcia, Romano Giannetti, Kheng-Swee Goh, Donald Goodman, Gabriel Guernik,Matthias Haldiman, Kathryn Hargreaves, Sven Hartrumpf, hazydirk, Carsten Heinz, Flo-rence Henry, Peter Heslin, Timo Hoenig, Morten Hgholm, Henrik Holm, Vladimir G.Ivanovic, Martin Jrgensen, Stefan Kahrs, Christian Keil, Marcus Kohm, Flavian Lambert,Jgen Larsen, Kevin Lin, Matthew Lovell, Daniel Luecking, Anders Lyhne, Lars HendrikGam Madsen, Lars Madsen, Vittorio De Martino, Ben McKay, Frank Mittelbach, Wilhelm
http://www.tug.org/http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/comp.text.texhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/comp.text.texhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/comp.text.texhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/comp.text.texhttp://www.tug.org/


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xxxii INTRODUCTION TO THE EIGHTH EDITION

Mller, Vilar Camara Neto, Rolf Niepraschk, Patrik Nyman, Heiko Oberdiek, Scott Pakin,Adriano Pascoletti, Paul, Ted Pavlic, Troels Pedersen, Steve Peter, Franois Poulain, ErikQuaeghebeur, Bernd Raichle, Martin Reinders, Aaron Rendahl, Ren, Alan Ristow, Robert,Chris Rowley, Gary Ruben, RobertSchlicht, Doug Schenck, Dirk Schlimm, Arnaud Schmit-tbuhl, Rainer Schpf, Paul Stanley, Per Starbck, James Szinger, Jens Taprogge, AjitThakkar, Scott Thatcher, Reuben Thomas, Bastiaan Niels Veelo, Guy Verville, EmanueleVicentini, Jrg Vogt, Jrgen Vollmer, M J Williams, and David Wilson.

If I have inadvertently left anyone off the list I apologise, and please let me know so thatI can correct the omisssion.3 Along those lines, if you have any questions you may directthemtothe comp.text.tex newsgroup or post them om http://tex.stackexchange.comas you are likely to get a satisfactory and timely response.

Of course, none of this would have been possible without Donald Knuths TeX systemand the subsequent development of LaTeX by Leslie Lamport.

3Please write the maintainer at daleif at imf dot au dot dk
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Remarks to the user

Thememoirclass gives you many ways to change the appearance of your document, andalso provides some ready-made styles that might be appropriate for your purposes.

As you can see, this manual is not slim and attempts to describe in some detail howthe various aspects ofmemoirwork and gives examples of how you can change these tobetter match your needs. However, there are a myriad of different things that users might

wish to do and it is not possible either for the class to provide ready made simple, or evencomplex, methods to directly support these, or for this manual to give examples of howeverything might be accomplished.

If many want a particular facility that is not available, then it may be possible to addthat. If it is only one who wishes it then, unless the one is the author, it is unlikely tobe provided. But dont let this stop you from asking, especially if you can provide thenecessary code.

The complete documented code for the class is available in the filememoir.dtx. If youwant to know how something is done then you can read the code forallthe details. If youwant to do something different, then the code is there for you to look at and experimentwith. You should, though, not change any of the code in the class. If you need to do so,then copy the code you wish to change into the documents preamble or a package of yourown or a class of your own (with a different name) and make the changes there. Do not

expect any help if you change thememoirclass code directly.

As the years go by support for memoirwill devolve from one person to another.4 Thereforeit is probably safer to ask questions, complain, make suggestions, etc., on a Q&A site likehttp:://tex.stackexchange.com or on the the newsgroup comp.text.tex,whichis archived and read by many, than correspond directly with the maintainer, who mightwell be away for some considerable time and perhaps not notice your email after havingreturned to base.

In either case please include the word memoirin the subject, and if possible, pleasetagthe question with thememoirtag. That will help the memoir maintainer keep track ofmemoir related matters.

From the maintainer:It seems that traffic on comp.text.tex is less frequent. So most mem-oir related questions should go tohttp:://tex.stackexchange.com,please rememberto tag them properly, that really helps locating the memoir related questions. If no-onecomes up with an answer, you can also write me directly viadaleif (at) imf dot audot dk.

4This is currently (July 2009) happening as Lars Madsen is taking over from Peter Wilson.


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Terminology

Like all professions and trades, typographers and printers have their specialised vocabu-lary.

First there is the question of pages, leaves and sheets. The trimmed sheets of paper thatmake up a book are calledleaves, and I will call the untrimmed sheets thestockmaterial. Aleaf has two sides, and a pageis one side of a leaf. If you think of a book being opened flat,

then you can see two leaves. The front of the righthand leaf, is called therectopage of thatleaf, and the side of the lefthand leaf that you see is called the versopage of that leaf. So,a leaf has a recto and a verso page. Recto pages are the odd-numbered pages and versopages are even-numbered.

Then there is the question of folios. The typographical term for the number of a pageisfolio. This is not to be confused with the same term as used in Shakespeares First Foliowhere the reference is to the height and width of the book, nor to its use in the phrasefoliosignature where the term refers to the number of times a printed sheet is folded. Notevery page in a book has a printed folio, and there may be pages that do not have a folio atall. Pages with folios, whether printed or not, form the paginationof the book. Pages thatare not counted in the pagination have no folios.

I have not been able to find what I think is a good definition for type as it seems tobe used in different contexts with different meanings. It appears to be a kind of genericword; for instance there are type designers, type cutters, type setters, type foundries,...For my purposes I propose that typeis one or more printable characters (or variations orextensions to this idea). Printers use the termsortto refer to one piece of lead type.

A typefaceis a set of one or more fonts, in one or more sizes, designed as a stylisticwhole.

Afontis a set of characters. In the days of metal type and hot lead a font meant a com-plete alphabet and auxiliary characters in a given size. More recently it is taken to meana complete set of characters regardless of size. A font of roman type normally consistsof CAPITAL LETTERS,SMALL CAPITALS, lowercase letters, numbers, punctuation marks,ligatures (such as fi and ffi), and a few special symbols like &.

Afont familyis a set of fonts designed to work harmoniously together, such as a pair ofroman and italic fonts.

The size of a font is expressed in points (72.27 points equals 1 inch equals 25.4 millime-ters). The size is a rough indication of the height of the tallest character, but different fontswith the same size may have very different actual heights. Traditionally font sizes werereferred to by names (see Table1) but nowadays just the number of points is used.

The typographers and printers term for the vertical space between the lines of normaltext isleading, which is also usually expressed in points and is usually larger than the font


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xxxvi TERMINOLOGY

Table 1: Traditional font size designations

Points Name Points Name

3 Excelsior 11 Small Pica31/2 Brilliant 12 Pica4 Diamond 14 English5 Pearl 18 Great Primer51/2 Agate 24 Double (or Two Line) Pica6 Nonpareil 28 Double (or Two Line) English61/2 Mignonette 36 Double (or Two Line) Great Primer7 Minion 48 French Canon (or Four Line Pica)8 Brevier 60 Five Line Pica9 Bourgeois 72 Six line Pica

10 Long Primer 96 Eight Line Pica

Table 2: Printers unitsName (abbreviation) Value

point (pt)pica (pc) 1pc = 12ptinch (in) 1in = 72.27ptcentimetre (cm) 2.54cm = 1inmillimetre (mm) 10mm = 1cmbig point (bp) 72bp = 72.27ptdidot point (dd) 1157dd = 1238ptcicero (cc) 1cc = 12dd

size. A convention for describing the font and leading is to give the font size and leadingseparated by a slash; for instance10/12for a 10pt font set with a 12pt leading, or12/14fora 12pt font set with a 14pt leading.

The normal length of a line of text is often called themeasureand is normally specifiedin terms of picas where 1 pica equals 12 points (1pc = 12pt).

Documents may be described as being typeset with a particular font with a particularsize and a particular leading on a particular measure; this is normally given in a shorthandform. A 10pt font with 11pt leading on a 20pc measure is described as 10/11 20, and14/16 22describes a 14pt font with 16pt leading set on a a 22pc measure.

UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

Typographers and printers use a mixed system of units, some of which we met above. Thefundamental unit is the point; Table2lists the most common units employed.Points and picas are the traditional printers units used in English-speaking countries.

The didot point and cicero are the corresponding units used in continental Europe. InJapan kyus (a quarter of a millimetre) may be used as the unit of measurement. Inchesand centimetres are the units that we are all, or should be, familiar with.


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UNITS OF MEASUREMENT xxxvii

The point system was invented by Pierre Fournier le jeune in 1737 with a length of0.349mm. Later in the same century Franois-Ambroise Didot introduced his point systemwith a length of 0.3759mm. This is the value still used in Europe. Much later, in 1886,the American Type Founders Association settled on 0.013837in as the standard size for thepoint, and the British followed in 1898. Conveniently for those who are not entirely metricin their thinking this means that six picas are approximately equal to one inch.

The big point is somewhat of an anomaly in that it is a recent invention. It tends tobe used in page markup languages, like PostScript5,in order to make calculations quickerand easier.

The above units are all constant in value. There are also some units whose value de-pends on the particular font being used. Theemis the nominal height of the current font;it is used as a width measure. An enis half an em. The exis nominally the height of theletter x in the current font. You may also come across the termquad, often as in a phraselike starts with a quad space. It is a length defined in terms of an em, often a quad is 1em.

5PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.


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One

Starting off

As usual, the memoir class is called by \documentclass[options]{memoir}. Theoptionsinclude being able to select a paper size from among a range of sizes, selecting atype size, selecting the kind of manuscript, and some related specifically to the typesettingof mathematics.

1.1 STOCK PAPER SIZE OPTIONS

The stock size is the size of a single sheet of the paper you expect to put through the printer.There is a range of stock paper sizes from which to make a selection. These are listed inTable1.1 through Table1.3. Also included in the tables are commands that will set thestock size or paper size to the same dimensions.

There are two options that dont really fit into the tables.

ebook for a stock size of6 9inches, principally for electronic books intended to be dis-played on a computer monitor

landscape to interchange the height and width of the stock.

All the options, except for landscape, are mutually exclusive. The default stock paper

size isletterpaper.

Table 1.1: Class stock metric paper size options, and commands

Option Size stock size command page size command

a6paper 148 105mm \stockavi \pageavia5paper 210 148mm \stockav \pageava4paper 297 210mm \stockaiv \pageaiva3paper 420 297mm \stockaiii \pageaiiib6paper 176 125mm \stockbvi \pagebvib5paper 250 176mm \stockbv \pagebvb4paper 353 250mm \stockbiv \pagebiv

b3paper 500 353mm \stockbiii \pagebiiimcrownvopaper 186 123mm \stockmetriccrownvo \pagemetriccrownvomlargecrownvopaper 198 129mm \stockmlargecrownvo \pagemlargecrownvomdemyvopaper 216 138mm \stockmdemyvo \pagemdemyvomsmallroyalvopaper 234 156mm \stockmsmallroyalvo \pagemsmallroyalvo


1


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2 CHAPTER 1. STARTING OFF

Table 1.2: Class stock US paper size options, and commands


dbillpaper 7 3in \stockdbill \pagedbillstatementpaper 8.5 5.5in \stockstatement \pagestatementexecutivepaper 10.5 7.25in \stockexecutive \pageexecutiveletterpaper 11 8.5in \stockletter \pageletteroldpaper 12 9in \stockold \pageoldlegalpaper 14 8.5in \stocklegal \pagelegalledgerpaper 17 11in \stockledger \pageledgerbroadsheetpaper 22 17in \stockbroadsheet \pagebroadsheet

Table 1.3: Class stock British paper size options, and commands


pottvopaper 6.25 4in \stockpottvo \pagepottvofoolscapvopaper 6.75 4.25in \stockfoolscapvo \pagefoolscapvocrownvopaper 7.5 5in \stockcrownvo \pagecrownvopostvopaper 8 5in \stockpostvo \pagepostvolargecrownvopaper 8 5.25in \stocklargecrownvo \pagelargecrownvolargepostvopaper 8.25 5.25in \stocklargepostvo \pagelargepostvosmalldemyvopaper 8.5 5.675in \stocksmalldemyvo \pagesmalldemyvodemyvopaper 8.75 5.675in \stockdemyvo \pagedemyvomediumvopaper 9 5.75in \stockmediumvo \pagemediumvosmallroyalvopaper 9.25 6.175in \stocksmallroyalvo \pagesmallroyalvoroyalvopaper 10 6.25in \stockroyalvo \pageroyalvosuperroyalvopaper 10.25 6.75in \stocksuperroyalvo \pagesuperroyalvo

imperialvopaper 11

7.5

in \stockimperialvo \pageimperialvo

If you want to use a stock size that is not listed there are methods for doing this, whichwill be described later.

1.2 TYPE SIZE OPTIONS

The type size option sets the default font size throughout the document. The class offers awider range of type sizes than usual. These are:

9pt for 9pt as the normal type size10pt for 10pt as the normal type size11pt for 11pt as the normal type size

12pt for 12pt as the normal type size14pt for 14pt as the normal type size17pt for 17pt as the normal type size20pt for 20pt as the normal type size25pt for 25pt as the normal type size30pt for 30pt as the normal type size


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1.2. TYPE SIZE OPTIONS 3

36pt for 36pt as the normal type size48pt for 48pt as the normal type size60pt for 60pt as the normal type size

*pt for an author-defined size as the normal type sizeextrafontsizes Using scalable fonts that can exceed 25pt.These options, except forextrafontsizes, are mutually exclusive. The default type size

is10pt.Options greater than17ptor20ptare of little use unless you are using scalable fonts

the regular Computer Modern bitmap fonts only go up to 25pt. The optionextrafontsizesindicates that you will be using scalable fonts that can exceed 25pt. By default this optionmakes Latin Modern in theT1encoding as the default font (normally Computer Modernin theOT1encoding is the default).

1.2.1 Extended font sizes

By default, if you use theextrafontsizesoption the default font for the document is LatinModern in theT1font encoding. This is like putting

\usepackage{lmodern}\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}in the documentss preamble (but with theextrafontsizesoption you need not do this).

\newcommand*{\memfontfamily}{fontfamily}\newcommand*{\memfontenc}{fontencoding}\newcommand*{\memfontpack}{package}

Internally the class uses \memfontfamilyand \memfontencas specifying the new fontand encoding, and uses\memfontpackas the name of the package to be used to imple-ment the font. The internal definitions are:

\providecommand*{\memfontfamily}{lmr}

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