Memory Efficacy In Dementia · Global memory efficacy perceptions appear unchanged in people with...
Transcript of Memory Efficacy In Dementia · Global memory efficacy perceptions appear unchanged in people with...
Memory Efficacy In Memory Efficacy In DementiaDementia
Chris Materne, Mary Luszcz & Malcolm Bond
School of Psychology,
Flinders University, Adelaide SA
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreasin g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
Key Research Question:Key Research Question:
Memory efficacy perceptions in Memory efficacy perceptions in AlzheimerAlzheimer’’s Diseases Disease
SpacedSpaced--RetrievalRetrieval
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
OutlineOutline
Memory Memory Memory EfficacyMemory Efficacy
Some Evidence from ALSASome Evidence from ALSASpacedSpaced--RetrievalRetrieval
Case Study Case Study
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
MemoryMemory
Sensory MemorySensory Memory
Short Term MemoryShort Term Memory
Long Term MemoryLong Term Memory
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
MemoryMemory
Long Term Memory
Explicit Memory
Implicit Memory
Skills & Habits
Priming
Episodic
Semantic
M e m _ _ _
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
Self EfficacySelf Efficacy
Beliefs or judgements about the capacity Beliefs or judgements about the capacity to perform effectively in different to perform effectively in different situationssituations
Can be applied to MemoryCan be applied to MemoryBeliefs about own memory Beliefs about own memory –– memory selfmemory self--efficacyefficacyBeliefs about another personBeliefs about another person’’s memory s memory ––attributed memory efficacy attributed memory efficacy
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
Memory EfficacyMemory Efficacy
Beliefs can be measured at 3 levelsBeliefs can be measured at 3 levelsGlobalGlobal
E.g., E.g., ““I have a good memory.I have a good memory.””
TaskTask--specificspecificE.g., E.g., ““I can always remember the names of my I can always remember the names of my grandchildren.grandchildren.””
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
Measuring Memory SelfMeasuring Memory Self--EfficacyEfficacy
Metamemory in Adulthood QuestionnaireMetamemory in Adulthood QuestionnaireGlobal memory selfGlobal memory self--efficacyefficacy
Memory SelfMemory Self--efficacy Questionnaireefficacy QuestionnaireTaskTask--specificspecific memory selfmemory self-- efficacyefficacy
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
Australian Longitudinal Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ALSA)Study of Ageing (ALSA)
Commenced 1992Commenced 1992Participants over 70 years Participants over 70 years Wide range of assessments including Wide range of assessments including
some of the MIA questionnairesome of the MIA questionnaireseveral memory measuresseveral memory measuresOther cognitive measuresOther cognitive measures
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
SubSub--sample from ALSAsample from ALSA
75 participants at Wave 7 with some 75 participants at Wave 7 with some cognitive impairment cognitive impairment MMSE score less than or equal to 23MMSE score less than or equal to 23
19.30 *
27.15*
25.70
27.78
Less than or equal to 23
Greater than 23* p < .006
Wave 7Mean Score
Wave 1Mean ScoreMMSE Scores
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
Stability in MIA ScoresStability in MIA Scores
30.1028.40MIA – Locusmax score = 45
51.6752.74MIA – Capacity max score = 85
Wave 7Mean Score
Wave 1 Mean Score
Subscale
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
Differences in Memory Differences in Memory PerformancePerformance
2.58*3.91Address Recall* p < .006
3.31*5.89Digit Symbol Recall
3.10 4.32 BNT – Delayed Recall
3.95*5.68BNT – Immediate Recall
Mean Wave 7Score
Mean Wave 1Score
Memory Measure
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
IQCODEIQCODE
Asks a thirdAsks a third--party about observed changes party about observed changes in dayin day--toto--day memory function over a day memory function over a period of 10 years period of 10 years
Average in this subAverage in this sub--sample was 3.13sample was 3.13(3 = not much change, 4 = a little bit worse)(3 = not much change, 4 = a little bit worse)
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
IQCODE IQCODE –– correlations correlations with memory performancewith memory performance
-.22 (p = .097)Address Recall
-.18 (p = .242)Digit Symbol Recall
-.24 (p = .108)BNT – Delayed Recall
-.27 (p = .064)BNT – Immediate Recall
Pearson’s rMemory Measure
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
Summary so farSummary so far……..
Global memory efficacy perceptions Global memory efficacy perceptions appear unchanged in people with some appear unchanged in people with some cognitive impairmentcognitive impairmentLittle known about taskLittle known about task--specific memory specific memory efficacy perceptionsefficacy perceptionsImplicit memory (relatively) resistant to Implicit memory (relatively) resistant to AlzheimerAlzheimer’’s disease processess disease processes
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
Spaced Retrieval Spaced Retrieval
Practise at successfully recalling information Practise at successfully recalling information over progressively longer intervals over progressively longer intervals
Ultimate goal is retention of AND ability to Ultimate goal is retention of AND ability to recall information / skills over long intervals of recall information / skills over long intervals of timetime
Focus on what a person can do rather than Focus on what a person can do rather than what they canwhat they can’’tt
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
How you How you ““dodo”” spaced spaced retrievalretrieval……..
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
SpacedSpaced--Retrieval SessionRetrieval Session
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Trials
Seco
nds
Correct ResponseIncorrect Response
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
Current ResearchCurrent Research
Measure taskMeasure task--specific memory selfspecific memory self--efficacy efficacy in people with Alzheimerin people with Alzheimer’’s diseases disease
Measure attributed memory efficacy Measure attributed memory efficacy perceptions of person close to participantperceptions of person close to participant
Assess memory functioning of participantAssess memory functioning of participant
Training using SpacedTraining using Spaced--RetrievalRetrieval
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
Case Study Case Study -- SallySally
Female 85 years old Female 85 years old MMSE = 16 MMSE = 16 Sister had higher taskSister had higher task--specific memory specific memory efficacy perceptions than Sally efficacy perceptions than Sally SallySally’’s task specific memory selfs task specific memory self--efficacy efficacy perceptions fairly consistent over 2 weeks perceptions fairly consistent over 2 weeks Both overestimated memory performance Both overestimated memory performance
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
Sally Sally continuedcontinued
Session 1 Session 1 ––1 minute interval achieved1 minute interval achievedSession 2 Session 2 ––8 minute interval achieved8 minute interval achievedSession 3 Session 3 –– information recalled at start information recalled at start
of session (1 week interval)of session (1 week interval)Session 4 Session 4 –– 16 minute interval achieved16 minute interval achieved
Session 5 Session 5 –– (new information)(new information) 8 minute 8 minute interval achievedinterval achieved
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
In ConclusionIn Conclusion
Despite a decline in objective memory Despite a decline in objective memory performance in ALSA participants with some performance in ALSA participants with some cognitive impairment, cognitive impairment, perceptions of dayperceptions of day--toto--day day memory functioning did not changememory functioning did not change
The roles of The roles of tasktask--specific memory selfspecific memory self--efficacy efficacy perceptions perceptions andand perceptions of another are perceptions of another are unclearunclear
SpacedSpaced--retrieval appears to draw on retrieval appears to draw on implicit implicit memorymemory processes and offers a mechanism to processes and offers a mechanism to rehabilitaterehabilitate aspects of memoryaspects of memory
The situation of M ou nt Lofty was foun d
from h ence and from some other cross
bearin gs, to be 34¡ 59' south an d 138¡ 42'
east. N o land w as vis ib le so far to the
north as w here th e trees ap peared ab ove
the horizon , which sho wed the coast to
be very low , an d our soun dings w ere
fast decreas in g.
From n oon to s ix o' clock we ra n thirty
miles to the northw ard, sk irting a san dy
shore at the d istance of five, a nd then ce
to eigh t miles; th e d ep th was th en 5
fath oms, an d we dropp ed th e an ch or u pon
a bottom of san d, mixed with pieces of
dead coral.
Thank you.Thank you.
[email protected]@flinders.edu.au