Memmler’s A&P Chap 22 The Urinary System. The urinary system p464 Excretion Systems active in...
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Transcript of Memmler’s A&P Chap 22 The Urinary System. The urinary system p464 Excretion Systems active in...
Memmler’s A&P
Chap 22The Urinary System
The urinary system p464
• Excretion• Systems active in excretion– Urinary system– Digestive system– Respiratory system– Integumentary system
Organs of urinary system p464• Two kidneys• Two ureters• One urinary bladder• One urethra
Functions of the kidneys p464• Excretion• Water balance• Acid-base balance • Blood pressure regulation• Regulation of red blood cell production
The kidney 465
• Located in retroperitoneal space
• Divided into 2 regions: – Renal medulla– Renal cortex
• Nephrons: functional unit of kidneys
The Nephron p466
• Glomerulus • Convoluted tubule• Peritubular
capillaries • Blood pressure is
the force that causes filtration.
Formation of urine p470• Glomerular filtration• Tubular reabsorption• Tubular secretion• Concentration of urine
Glomerular filtration p468
Formation of urine p468
Renal control of blood pressure p471• Renin: initiates the process that activates
angiotensin, a protein made by the liver that elevates blood pressure.
• Angiotensin: promotes the release of aldosterone and ADH and stimulates thirst, raising blood pressure by increasing blood volume.
p471-472
•Ureters •Urinary bladder•Urethra
Urine p473• Normal constituents– Nitrogenous waste
products (urea, creatinine)– Electrolytes– Pigment
Measure of dissolved substances in urine is called specific gravity
• Abnormal constituents– Glucose (glucosuria)– Albumin (proteinuria)– Blood (hematuria)– Ketones– WBCs (pyuria) – Casts (in larger numbers)
Disorders of urinary system p474• Kidney stones (renal calculi) treated by lithotripsy• Renal failure: chronic or acute– Acute renal failure: fast onset– Chronic renal failure: slow gradual loss of function
• Symptoms of chronic renal failure:– Dehydration– Edema– Electrolyte imbalance– Hypertension– Anemia– Uremia
Dialysis p475 • Hemodialysis• Peritoneal
dialysis
Disorders p477• Cystitis• Tumors• Urinary incontinence – Stress incontinence– Urge incontinence– Overflow incontinence– Enuresis
• Urethritis• Cystoscopy
Effects of aging p479• Kidneys lose some of their ability to concentrate
urine• Decrease in number and size of nephrons• Elderly people get more urinary tract infections than
young people: confusion• Prostatic hypertrophy• Decreased muscle tone in bladder and urinary
sphincters: urinary incontinence
Incontinence
Catheterization