Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, (43), March 27, 2006 · 2017. 3. 15. · 13.7 m bc de# f V gh5 XY˘i...

9
腒腑腄腀腂腈腉腌腎腋腊腍腏腆腅腁腇腃腓腐腕腔 腤腓腶腦 1) 腤腓腷腬 1) 臝膭 2) Mayumi Shigeta 1) , Yusuke Shigeta 1) and Hideki Endo 2) : Day Roosts and Foraging Areas of the Common Japanese Pipistrelle Bat in the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, Japan 臉膴腝腊腎腪臯臸膅膁腻膊膍腴臒腟膓膥腚腑腘臯臻腒腪腮膃膉腵腰膅膊 Pipistrellus abramus 腝腗腈腘臒腬臊腉膫膞腬腔腟腙腏腏腝腓腟膼膜腬臏腒腪臉膴腝腠腝腱腝臯臻腒腪腵腰膅膊腙腥臔膒腝膗腑腔腮膃膉腵腰膅膊腟臯臻腌腨腫腪 膯臊1999, 2000腅腁 腮膃膉腵腰膅膊腠膚膘腜腛腟自臆膾臹腬腞腍腨 day roost 腝腈腟膱臻臤腒腪臡膹腟腵腰膅膊腙膄腳 膇腸膊腳腜腛腅腀 腣膄腳腽膄腳膄腳腜腛腟臑腬臦腡腪 (Funakoshi & Uchida, 1978)腱腌臒腙腠臉膴腝腊腎腪腮膃膉腵腰膅膊腟臯臻臥膷腬膎腒腪腔腤2001 9 2005 7 膽腝腋腎腘腟膣膪腝腞腍腨腚臓膔臤臠腝腗腈腘腟臒腬臊腖腔腃腀腇腄腐腖 腮膃膉腵腰膅膊腠腝腰1030 腝腞腍腨腧腩臞臷腒腪腏腚腋腨 (Funakoshi & Uchida, 1978)臉膴12 腳臠腟膾臹腩腧膸腝腆腑腬臲腎 1腅腀 腝腰致腋腨臞臷臁腟膡腬臊腈臗臎腥膅腮臅腬膮腑腔臗臎 腟臟膡腟臗臎腌臶腋腖腔膝臠腙腠腟臞致腝腞 腍腨腝膬臷腒腪臁臱腑腞腍腨腚腜腪膾臹腚腞腍腨腟臞臄腬腛腏腑腔腞腍腨腌腛腏腐腫 腔臤臌腠臞臷腒腪臁臬腬臖腣腔腠膏臖膂腽腲腳膄膉 SONY 膀腯腾腷膈腼腾 DCR-TRV9; SONY 臚臰腝腘膮腑腔腞腍腨腝腗腈腘腠臈臹腬臣臋腬臼腑腔腢腋臄腶腯腹腠 腘腹腜臈臹腟膐腙膻臼腑腔腸腮臒腠 2001 9 28 9 29 2002 5 31 6 1 10 10 2003 9 5 2004 9 13 2005 7 11 腟膻 8 臒腠 2001 9 29 2002 6 1 2003 9 6 腟膻 3 膟臘臕腑腔腒腏腔腓腄腗腎 1. 腌腈腍腋腍腉腊腙 腮膃膉腵腰膅膊腟臓膔臤臠腚膥膶腚腟膧腡腪腔腤膉腯膍腺膍腶腸腝腧腪臒腬臊腖腔臒腠臉膴腙腥膾臹臺腟膒腬臧腝 3 腗腟臒腱膊腮 A: 腙膃腈腙膃臍腜腛腬 膩腭腕膲腜腊腋腨膲腝腋腎腘B: 臜膑腟臍腬膩腭腕臃膕腟臛腼腆腦臙腜腛C: 膰臇腋腨1) 腄膤腅臯臯腔腋腓臔臮臭 27487 膌腯膆膋腻腰膍 9201 Wildlife Management Company, RT 9201, 27487 Naruse, Machida-shi, Tokyo, 1940044 Japan E-mail: BXQ01747nifty.ne.jp 2) 膛膢腢腩腗腩膿膳Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo 臀臠腃膵腔腄膀腍腾膿膳臠膺臩膙腪腵 Present address: Section of Morphology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University (43), 2006 3 27 Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, (43), March 27, 2006

Transcript of Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, (43), March 27, 2006 · 2017. 3. 15. · 13.7 m bc de# f V gh5 XY˘i...

Page 1: Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, (43), March 27, 2006 · 2017. 3. 15. · 13.7 m bc de# f V gh5 XY˘i cjZ [ˆ k3 ˙V lSa i m # [ˆVn# ohj ’#pq[ˆˆr s[t[ KL#u 1ˆ ˙i mvw(- ˘1lS V˘Wxˆ#yz

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Mayumi Shigeta1), Yusuke Shigeta1) and Hideki Endo2): Day Roosts and Foraging Areas of

the Common Japanese Pipistrelle Bat in the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, Japan

� � � �

������ �������������� ������ !"�� Pipistrellus abramus

�#$��%&'()%*�+� ,,�-�./%�0��1���2� � �����!"�����+3�45��6�*�� !"�����7�89�:;&� 1999, 2000<1 �� !"��2� =>?@�ABCD�%EF8 :day roost ���G�H< ���IJ�!"��+� K�� :LM�N?@<� ���� ���� O��?@�P�%QR�(Funakoshi & Uchida, 1978)1 �+2� ������ !"�����ST%�U��*V�2001� 9W�2005� 7W�X��Y�Z�� EF8�[\H]�#$���%&^*1

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�� ��� !"��2� ��_ 10�30��EF8`abc��,�X8 (Funakoshi & Uchida, 1978)����� 12N]�CD��d��� %e :f 1<���gX8bch!�i"%&$�jk�l#�$%&m%n'�*1 o"jk :p���oi"�jk< 7qX^*r]+2� ��bg�EF8�sc��h!%(t�� EF8�?�CD��EF8�b)u%*+�*1 EF87*+v9*Hw2� bc��h!x%�yz*2{y|}~N� :SONY������� DCR-TRV9;

SONY ��< ��n'�*1 EF8�#$�2�D%R� ���%�+�*�X� b)u���2,-?�D�.l+���*1 /&��2 2001� 9W 28�� 9W 29�� 2002� 5W 31�� 6W 1

�� 10W 10�� 2003� 9W 5�� 2004� 9W 13�� 2005� 7W 11��� 8�� 0&��22001� 9W 29�� 2002� 6W 1�� 2003� 9W 6��� 3����*1

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1. ���������� !"���[\H]������1%R�*V� �����M2�`��%&^*1�2���+3CD��3$4���5%��� 3#����� :A: �56���56�?@%�����7X8�8�X�� B: ����%���4 ¡�¢9�£¤�?@� C: ¥¦:X8;

1) :§<<���¨= 4©�>�4ª« 2748�7 ¬�­®�"� 9�201

Wildlife Management Company, RT 9�201, 2748�7 Naruse, Machida-shi, Tokyo, 194�0044 Japan

E-mail: BXQ01747¯nifty.ne.jp2) °?±²@�³��´µ.

Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo

¶]A· ©�B²CD�´µ]¸E¹º�<Present address: Section of Morphology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University

°?±@¼�� (43), 2006� 3W 27�Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, (43), March 27, 2006

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����������� ��� ��� �� 2�� � ������������ !" ��#$�%&�'()*+�#�,-./)*+�#0'(123#45�6�� 789�:� ;<=�>� !" 123#45�%?@ABCDEFG �Mini-3 Bat Detector; Ultra Sound Advice HI� JKB. D. ��'������LM)*+�#NGEO3= 45 kHz �P@A � B. D. �.(?Q2 (feed-

ing buzz) #��RSTUV>� !" W�%� 2001X 9Y 28Z� 2002X 5Y 31Z� 10Y 10Z�2003X 9Y 5Z� 2004X 9Y 13Z� 2005X 7Y 11Z# 6[\] !" W��^%Z_ 30`�a 1�^bc("d�� W� ���#ef� ghGijklGkm no� �pq�� rs� ��#Otuvw� gx y�m z� {|�#}~#�w� g��om ���#Ek����9��{|#��ouvw� g��

� 1. ���-�(�LM)*+�#W�o���� ��" �����%W�o��� �@A�`%�� ���� ���`%z��'" 1. ���� 2. ���� 3. � ¡¢£¤� 4. ¥�¦§�5. ¥�� 6. ¨K�� 7. ©ª�� 8. }«�� 9. ¬�#­®� 10. ¯��� 11. °��� 12. ±�²"

Fig. 1. Map showing the observation sites and surveyed areas of the common Japanese pipistrelle bat

in the Imperial Palace. Numbers and open circles indicate the observation site, dots show the

surveyed areas, slashed lines moats. 1. Hanzou-mon Gate. 2. Fushimi-yagura Keep. 3. A deserted

house. 4. Seimon-tetsubashi Bridge. 5. Sei-mon Gate. 6. Sakashita-mon Gate. 7. Kikyo-mon

Gate. 8. Ote-mon Gate. 9. Suwano-chaya Tea House. 10. Shoryobu (Archives and Mausolea

Department). 11. Hirakawa-mon Gate. 12. Someikan (Visitor’s House).

³´µ�¶·³´��·¸¹º»22

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��� ��������� � ���� ����������� � 4���� � B. D. ���� !�� 30 m "#$%&'()*� +,� -./0�1� 60 m �23045678(��9 1�� 1/10,000�:�;<)*'�23�=>0?@��A=>����B0CD� �EFGHGI��JKL8MENOP7�Q�RSTU*� VWL�XY�Z(� [�\]^_` (feeding

buzz) �a)� bc0d\XY�Z�eL� fF 2ghi(jGklm.n��J&o�p0�e (Neu, 1974)� A=>�qrs0�t� �

2. ��������8MENOP7�uv�bcwxyzS230{W& |� }~��-���J&{,0zK � ����#$�Q���T������Le&���$� )V��( ��0�eL��� �9 1�� �� ���s�� ��� ���� ����0���� ���)��)�eL� ¡¢£��¡¤�¥�)*¦i� � ����§�¨©�ª }~��- �O~��-~n� « 2.9�4.6

mm, 0.25 g; ¬­®¯-~f� 0�°GjG± (Smith and Nephew United, Inc., Largo, Florida) 0�

9 2. ��²³&8MENOP7�{,678(XY�� Q�RSwx� ´µ�XY�� Q�RSwx0¶�� [�\]·�¸*� ´µ�bc0d\XY�Z0¹V�

Fig. 2. Map showing study areas and the points in which the common Japanese pipistrelle bat were

confirmed. Circles indicate all points, and closed circles show feeding perches.

��²³&8MENOP7�º»*(bcwx 23

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������ ������ � ���� 0239, 0240� ����� ���������� ���� ����� �� !"#$%� B. D. &'�() (feeding buzz) ����*���� +,- 20025. 31�6. 1� 2003 9. 5�6/0�� 12� ��-34567��89:; 5�8��; 5�126�� <=>67��89:; 22�?@ABC���

� �

������DEFGHIJ�KL�-� MN� (No. 7) #OP� (No. 6) � 2Q�RS��TUV�P� W 6

XY�Z �[�� MN��KL�-� \���TUV�]���^_ 9.6 m �MN\�`�a�13.7 m� bc� de#�f�V�gh 5XY�i�cjZ �[� �k 3�� V�lSa�� i�m#�����[�Vn#� ���ohj�����'#pq�[��r� s[t[��KL�#u1��� i�mvw(-� ��1lS�V�Wx��#yz 12.5 mm�b0�� 2001 9. 29-KL� 1XYa� 4�j� 2002 5. 31-KL� 3XYa�W 5�j� �� 6. 1-KL� 4XYa�W 6��i{jZ �[�� �a�� 2002 10. 10|}� 4~�+,�-� y[��KL�a�i{��-��[1a0�� 2004 9. 13|}�+,�-� MN��\]]����-�������� i{$� B. D. )������j 3�4�Z �[�� MN���KL�jb'#��[�j� i�m���-�A1a0�� OP��KL�-� \���TUV����^_ 10.0 m bc� de#�f�V�gh 1XY�b0�� 2003 9. 6 1���{�Z ��b#� � 9. 8������&0� 1��i{jZ �[�j� 2004 9. 13�+,|}� KL����-��[1a0�� �+,2�'�KL��i{���- 1.7�1.2 � �� �SD, n�10, !� 1�4� �� y�������j 7"��[��y��a� �� (No. 5) ��#� (No. 12)� MN����� $¡�-� DEFGHIJ�¢ $%j£a0�� �����%¤a�� KL��b'9&¥j_�RS�#��-� $¡jb¦�[��§%�'�( (No. 2) ��;§¨©Y (No. 3)� ��ª« (No. 4)� ¬)� (No. 10) �-¢ $%j­�y#a�� y���KL�jb'9&¥-®�#��[�� ��� MN�¯*�-� i{$

k 3. °±�MN�2�'DEFGHIJ�KL�� +²ji�m�³´�Fig. 3. A day roost of the common Japanese pipistrelle bat at Kikyo-mon Gate in the Imperial Palace.

Arrow indicates the opening of the roost.

,µ¶-.·,µ/0·¸¹º»24

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������������������ ������������������������ ������ !� (No. 8) ������"����#$%&'( )�*����+,-./01���.23456&��7 �8� (No. 1) 9�:� (No. 11) ; <��=��> ?@A����B&C�4DE%���FG$%�7

����H 2� IJ�K���L����M9-NOPOQ3��R�M� SL ��M;K�$%�+,-./01�T&���U�VW�XY���4ZE[&\B�7 ]%�^4 ���9 !�5_�`���a b�c ;de�9!f"�# $g%& 'hi�j(9k l)!f��� *#5_ ?@"�$�m�5VW;+,-./01���4XY�K�$%�7B�B 5�;n���o+9�5_p�'��K���q,B&^�% +,-./01 ?@"�r-�./B& �5�6�7-NOPOQ3��R�Mst�� ��U�VW4uv4�w0�^4 +,-./01�xyK��z 4 xXY�z 4n� duv{1��|�}2B&�� ~yK��� c2�56.07,

df�3, p�0.001, XY�� c2�60.01, df�3, p�0.001, 3 1�7 5E� ���1+" �2�O3�234j(� 41��L&��n��E�� +,-./01 ��U�VW4B& �2�O3�234b�c �R(��;}2B j( 5����^�%�7 XYVW���4 +,-./01 b�c ���R(��;}2B 6-�j( 5�&��7 �� ��U�VW4B&}2B&���2�O3�23 XYVW4B&}2B& �5�6�7

������ �����7�R( 20028 5� 319 ~a�� H 4� 4 20038 9� 59 ~b��� �e 1:���;�$%�7 ��%n���3�+,-./01; ��'R��<= a��� 5.8 g, 32.5 mm, b��� 7.3 g, 32.4 mm ;d6�7 a�� 21� 221���� >9� 3� 351�;�� ?��;5'��@AB;d� 4�;����#B ~�FG�� 291� ����$g%&�4C�� 2�;XY���K�$%�7;����XYVW�;� D �%¡% 108 m, 225 m ;d6�7$g%&�; �¢ 10�13 m �£En¤FB5��XY��B&��7 C�; G^�H 251� ���I��J¥�¦§B5��XYB&���FG$% a���¨©4ª«6��6SJ¥;XY��K� 1��� B. D. �R(K�$%�7 b�����& ���;��L��^©� ���K�;C5�6�7

3 1. ?@�'�uv{1K�+,-./01�K�§"7 95¬CI: ­O®¯°2±²M{�7(³): ´NOR(¢�uv{1 (µ): ´NOR(P�uv{17

Table 1. Numbers of confirmation of the common Japanese pipistrelles bat in each environmental

section in the Imperial Palace. 95¬CI: Bonferroni confidence interval. (³): More foraging

attempts than expected, (µ): Less foraging attempts than expected.

uv{1 uv{1 ¶·Z

FGO~yK��� ´NO 95¬CI

FGO~XY�� ´NO 95¬CI

�2�O3�23 0.437 144 111 0.487�0.642~³� 76 65 0.405�0.608

b�c 0.060 34 15 0.080�0.186~³� 28 9 0.107�0.266~³�¸¹º 0.024 8 6 0.004�0.058 7 4 0.004�0.089

j( 0.479 69 123 0.201�0.340~µ� 39 72 0.171�0.349~µ�

» 255 255 150 150

?@�'�+,-./01�IJ�4XYVW 25

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� �

���������� ������������� 6��������� �� (2000) � �!��"#$%&'()* +,�-�!.#�/0123) 4��*+-�1�56�-.7��8����� &% ! 10 m �9:!3+-�1;�<=�> 9?@�� AB!;C2D#8� EFG�=#H�� IJK��=LM �NOP! D+-�Q12D#8�=LR� ��12S1�T�-UV12D#�WX��#��������� Y�- 100Z[\"8�*.#! ]^_[`a-1��bcd��e�fg�-hi jZR� 30Z�kl�D#8�!mD (Funakoshi & Uchida, 1978)� �����no���9?pqj�rs 4Z� t�pq�Tu*mR7�� ]^��t��D#Tu!mD8�R� Ivw�xy z{M 4�[��12D�pq�]^��.7�|�P!.#� Y� 9?pqj� ����AB�s}�-~�"#8�!����2D# (Yasui et al., 1997)� ����4�� 9:!Q�12����*�� ����=!723����AB��D������� 8��no��*��AB�s}�-���� �������R7��WX��#���� ����4��* ��12����B��� �@<=���WX���� v��R (2004)-(#���������f�56��`��[�X#���12D#� �����9:!���}=R7��C� ���*+���������R�9?���jpq�� !�����8�R� ����D�f�56��`��[�X2D��*WX��������R7���f =�6����[��56��no�-� 12D#� 8��R ��=#56���U� ¡�¢£¤ ¥¦ !�§d ¨£©�� !����"�ª«��¬B (Yasui et al., 1997) ���"��Qu�-�}�A­ ���e#: I®$¯®$ 1997M °�

± 4. no�����%²���������� I³´µ ¶$·&M�Fig. 4. A common Japanese pipistrelle bat captured at Kikyo-mon Gate in the Imperial Palace

(Photographed by Mr. Masahiko Mizuno).

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mQ����6=9� (l���RS�(|� �\�����/.�Jy,-./�/�61}~<./�=1<-�/ H"#$6/�2��\�&�&�I"J�KL"K�� T,T�kX��6<.U�V�%&,-�=W3 ���6�I"J�KL"K&>?@�AB!�6W.��kX����2� ��kX�������id���\�6<.��,-./��W'&���6��(1��� ��� ��E����%&'�X9=�(����� kX�YZ1e[(�\1&����� ����;��abc-� ����1H"#$6��a�R]�3&7[8d�'(� 62�H"#$�kX��6<.�%&'&M=W3�6=9� ���>@?�AB!�6W.�a�01�^��_W./�6ef9-3 >?@�AB!�kXE��� /����`��6c��I�c-� �2�ab�kX�����<./2 (Funakoshi & Uchida, 1978) �"���>?@�AB! Pipistrellus pipistrellus 1/��kX���c[C��W.��<� �de<2;�<.kX(� (Racey & Swift, 1985) �����fg�I�� hfCiB=9ja�6��<kX<./3�6=9� ���1ab�kX�����<kX<./��6&s=W3 ���I&jaB�6cW./3�����1 25 ��W3 �"���>?@�AB!�� 9k�kX���6c�l���� 22 �6,-�  ����zK����W.m¡<� ��&�/���n�I�@<.�¢£'&o(6,-� (Racey

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Summary

The day roosts and foraging areas of the common Japanese pipistrelle bat, P. abramus, were investigated

in the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, Japan. Since the six roosts are observed at Kikyo-mon Gate and

Sakashita-mon Gate, we demonstrate that the pipistrelles often use the roost also within the Imperial

Palace. The openings of the Japanese traditional roof tile may be suitable for the roost of bat in the Palace.

The results of the line census point out that the pipistrelles do not use the whole area of the Imperial Palace,

however, prefer the areas along the moats such as the regions near Kikyo and Ote Gates. From the track

data of an individual with chemiluminescent tag, we conclude that the pipistrelle use the roots along the

paved road and Hamaguri-bori Moat in the foraging areas. The findings indicate the nocturnal foraging

activity in the Imperial Palace, and provide us with the fundamental data on the behavior of the common

Japanese pipistrelle within the large city.

� � � �

qVWt��ul����t� 2004. ¥�L�£¨������� (Pipistrellus abramus) 3©11ª ��«r���¬����:��9 Animate, (5): 29�35.

j­��� 1974. -. (6r\®� (2)9 'L��¯ 7:�H/°�&op ��^ ���� pp. 27�46.

Funakoshi, K. & T. A. Uchida, 1978. Studies on the physiological and ecological adaptation of temperate

insectivorous bats. III. Annual activity of the Japanese house-dwelling bat, Pipistrellus abramus. J. Fac.

Agr., Kyushu Univ., 23: 95�115.

�±²³� 1992. P´6 µ��¶��· �¸����9 �¹�[��r\5s �º��� I, (40):

120�121.

�^�����^���»V�¼28

Page 9: Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, (43), March 27, 2006 · 2017. 3. 15. · 13.7 m bc de# f V gh5 XY˘i cjZ [ˆ k3 ˙V lSa i m # [ˆVn# ohj ’#pq[ˆˆr s[t[ KL#u 1ˆ ˙i mvw(- ˘1lS V˘Wxˆ#yz

Neu, C. W., C. R. Byers & J. M. Peek, 1974. A technique for analysis of utilization-availability data. J. Wildl.

Mgmt., 38: 541�545.

Racey, P. A. & S. M. Swift, 1985. Feeding ecology of Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) during

pregnancy and lactation. I. Foraging behaviour. J. anim. Ecol., 54: 205�215.

�� ������� 1997� 8�� ���������������� 23 pp� ��� !"#$%& !'�

()*+�,-./��01�23)4�5678�9:�;� 2000� <=>�?@ II� A?@ BCDEFGHI� 6JKLM�� (35): 1�5.

NOPQ� 1986� RST>UVE� RSTCDE����� pp. 155�160. RST�WXYZ�[)\]� 2003� ^_$`abc ������>defA>ghijklfAmn>op� U

VEKq� 43: 113�120.

Yasui, S., N. Maruyama & N. Kanzaki, 1997. Roost site selection and colony size of the common Japanese

pipistrelle (Pipistrellus abramus) in Fuchu, Tokyo. Wildl. Conserv. Japan, 2: 51�59.

rst�� 1990� uv>UVA? 1� ������E�wxy>����� uv>�?� (4): 74�77.

rst�� 2000� <=> ������`z{|� 6JKLM�� (35): 35�39.

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