MEM 650 Quality Control 1 MEM 650 Agenda - Week 1 Administrative Confirm class roster Confirm...
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Transcript of MEM 650 Quality Control 1 MEM 650 Agenda - Week 1 Administrative Confirm class roster Confirm...
MEM 650 Quality Control 1
MEM 650 Agenda - MEM 650 Agenda - Week 1Week 1
Administrative• Confirm class roster• Confirm meeting time• Review requirements
• Attendance• Participation• Homework• Presentations
• Discuss course objectives/approach
Lecture/discussion• Chapter 1 Quality Basics• The Customer
Week 3 Assignments• Homework - Ch 1 - 9• Read - Ch 1• Presentations:
“Organizing for Quality”
MEM 650 Quality Control 2
Quality BasicsQuality Basics
Chapter One
MEM 650 Quality Control 3
Defining QualityDefining Quality ASQ - “quality is a subjective term for
which each person has his or her own definition”
What’s your definition?
MEM 650 Quality Control 4
Defining QualityDefining Quality In technical usage, quality can have
two meanings:• the characteristics of a product or service
that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs, and
• a product or service free of deficiencies
MEM 650 Quality Control 5
Defining Quality - “Gurus”Defining Quality - “Gurus” Deming - “non-faulty systems”
• Out of the Crisis Juran - “fitness for use”
• Quality Control Handbook Crosby - “conformance to
requirements”• Quality is Free
MEM 650 Quality Control 6
Defining Quality- Different Views Defining Quality- Different Views Customer’s view (more subjective)
• the quality of the design (look, feel, function)• product does what’s intended and lasts
Producer’s view• conformance to requirements (Crosby)• costs of quality (prevention, scrap, warranty)• increasing conformance raises profits
Government’s view• products should be safe• not harmful to environment
MEM 650 Quality Control 7
Stout’s ViewStout’s View
Quality = PerformanceExpectation
MEM 650 Quality Control 8
Value-based ApproachValue-based Approach Manufacturing
dimensions• Performance• Features• Reliability• Conformance• Durability• Serviceability• Aesthetics• Perceived quality
Service dimensions• Reliability• Responsiveness• Assurance• Empathy• Tangibles
MEM 650 Quality Control 9
Our Textbook DefinitionOur Textbook Definition Armand Feigenbaum -
• author: Total Quality Control (1961)• “quality is a customer determination based on
the customer’s actual experience with the product or service, measured against his or her requirements - stated or unstated, conscious or merely sensed, technically operational or entirely subjective - and always representing a moving target in a competitive market.”
MEM 650 Quality Control 10
Shift to QualityShift to Quality
Pre-World War IIPre-World War II 19451945 1990’s1990’s
IsolatedIsolatedEconomiesEconomies
Focus onFocus onquantityquantity
Period ofPeriod ofchange fromchange fromquantity toquantity toqualityquality
GlobalGlobalEconomyEconomy
Focus onFocus onqualityquality
MEM 650 Quality Control 11
History of Quality ParadigmsHistory of Quality Paradigms Customer-craft quality paradigm:
• – design and build each product for a particular customer.• – producer knows the customer directly.
Mass production and inspection quality paradigm:• focus on designing and building products for mass
consumption.• larger volumes will reduce costs and increases profits.• push products on the customer (limit choices).• quality is maintained by inspecting and detecting bad
products. TQM or “Customer Driven Quality” paradigm:
• potential customers determine what to design and build.• higher quality will be obtained by preventing problems
MEM 650 Quality Control 12
Need for a New StrategyNeed for a New Strategy Foreign markets have grown
• Import barriers and protection are not the answer.
Consumers are offered more choices• They have become more discriminating.
Consumers are more sophisticated• They demand new and better products.
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Why Quality Improvement?Why Quality Improvement? Global Competition
• Economic and political boundaries are slowly vanishing
• The 1950’s slogan “Built by Americans for Americans” is very far from reality in the 2000’s.
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Why Quality Improvement?Why Quality Improvement? “On the stroke of midnight on December
31, 1992, the United States will become the second-largest economy in the world for the first time in a century”.• Quote from a 1990 Xerox quality conference.
More than corporate profits are at risk; the challenge is to the American standard of living.
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Why Quality Improvement?Why Quality Improvement? It pays
• Less rework, fewer mistakes, fewer delays, and better use of time and materials
• In United States today, 15 to 20% of the production costs are incurred in finding and correcting mistakes.
MEM 650 Quality Control 16
How Do Organizations Compete?How Do Organizations Compete? Most common competitive measures:
• Quality (both real and perceived)• Cost• Delivery (lead time and accuracy)
Other measures• safety,• employee morale,• product development (time-to-market, innovative
products)
MEM 650 Quality Control 17
Contrasting ApproachesContrasting Approaches Passive /
Reactive• Setting
acceptable quality levels
• Inspecting to measure compliance
Proactive / Preventive• Design quality in
products and processes• Identify sources of
variation (processes and materials)
• Monitor process performance
MEM 650 Quality Control 18
The Quality HierarchyThe Quality Hierarchy
Inspection
Quality Control
Quality Assurance
Total QualityManagement
Incorporates QA/QC activitiesinto company-wide system aimedat satisfying the customer
Actions to insure products orservices conform to companyrequirements
Operational techniques to makeinspection more efficient and toreduce the costs of quality.
Inspect products
Prevention
Detection
SPC
SQC