MELJUN CORTES RESEARCH Lectures IPO Context Diagram DFD

8/17/2019 MELJUN CORTES RESEARCH Lectures IPO Context Diagram DFD

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INPUT-PROCESS-

OUTPUT(IPO CHART)

Cheerly Rosal


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What is it?

The IPO diagram is a visual representation of aprocess or activity.

It lists input variables and output characteristics.


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Why use it?

IPO diagram is useful in defining a process and

recognizing the input variables and responses/

outputs.


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When to use it?

Understand hat inputs are needed to achieve

each specific output.


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Defnition o te!s

INPUT is the data fowinginto the system rom outside.

PROCESSING is the action omanipulating the input into a

more useul orm.

OUTPUT is the inormationfowing out o the system.

FEEDBACK occurs when theoutcome has an infuence on

the input.


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INPUT: The teacher takesregister to see who is not intoday.

PROCESSING: The data isloaded into the school databaseand processed to create

attendance record o each pupil.

OUTPUT: Print out o astudent who has beenabsent.

FEEDBACK: The teachers needs to ndout why the student has been absent and thereason recorded in the input once more.It will also hopeully cause the pupil to havebetter attendance record.

So!e E"a!#$es (Atten%an&e syste! ins&hoo$)


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So!e E"a!#$es[cont.]

!lbum title

!rtist name !rtist I"

#uery

report

"isplay or

print lists of

albums

produced by

particular

artists

! person

types data

into a

database system

by means of a

$eyboard

The $eystro$esbeing entered by

the typist is

converted into

!%CII format that

the computer can

understand.

The $eystro$esbeing entered are

immediately shon

on the typist&s

monitor so she can

see hat is being

entered.


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So!e E"a!#$es[cont.]

Client

Design

aterial

!dhesives

Tools

"orkers

#inished product

Pay "orkers

$appy customer

aking

Check%uality&et tools


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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram

Context Diagram

Is the highest level view of a system, similar to Block Diagram,showing a, possibly software-based, system as a whole and itsinputs and outputs from/to external factors.

Shows the entire system as a single process. Interactions withusers and other external entities are shown as dataflow.

They do not show the major functional processes but areparticularly useful for agreeing the system boundary.

Documents the system’s boundaries by highlighting its sourcesand destinations. Documenting the system’s boundaries bydrawing a context diagram helps the analyst, the user, and theresponsible managers visualize alternative high-level logicalsystem designs.


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Purpose o ContextDiagram

1.It clarifies to the user audience the analyst's understanding of

thescope of the proposed system, the kinds of users the

system will have, and the data coming out from and going into

the system. A surprising number of misunderstandings are

exposed at this early stage.

2.It motivates and establishes a framework for the more

complicated next level (below).


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Symbols Used on Diagrams

•processes are shown as squares withrounded corners

ProcessIn%uiries

•external entities (the people with whom theprocess interacts)

'(ternal'ntities

•Relationship or what we call data flows- itshows the relationship between externalentities and the process.


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How are Context Diagram Drawn

When drawing a context diagram, you:

'irstly( dra and name a single process bo) that represents the entire

system.

*e)t( identify and add the e)ternal entities that communicate directly ith

the process bo). "o this by considering origin and destination of the

resource flos and data flos.

'inally( add the resource flos and data flos to the diagram.

Note: In drawing the context diagram you should only be concerned with the most important

information flows. These will be concerned with issues such as: how orders are received and checked,

with providing good customer service and with the paying of invoices. Remember that no business

process diagram is the definitive solution there is no absolute right or wrong.


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+,

Conte)t "iagram - IPO "iagram

&)PP*I'+ C)&T,'+

-

&!*'&

P+,C'&&

. o o d s O

r d e r s

P r o m

o t i o n

, i ! i

t ! ,

d e " i

e r i e !

/terminator0 or

input1output fows

Process

fow o inputs andoutputs to androm processes

O r d

e r s


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!CCOU*TI*

0!R12OU%1CU%TO31R

4

Order

%ystem

Order

Payment

In 5%toc$

Re6uest

%tatus

3essage

Invoice %hipping Confirmation

%hipping

Order

Inventory

Reports


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'mployee

!ccountingDepartmen

t

4

Payroll

%ystem

Payroll Chec$

Time %heet

Ta) 'ormPayroll Report


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Boo#

Supp$ier

%i&rar'

S'stem

#

Borro"

er2ook

:oo$ "etails

Order

2ook

:oo$ Re6uest

!vailability -

!dvice

Reservation

In6uiry

:orroer

*umber


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MELJUN CORTES RESEARCH Lectures IPO Context Diagram DFD

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