Melanoma

1. overview

4.treatment

3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

Presented by Dr Sadatinejad, Seyyed Mohsen,student of Medicine from Iran,Kashan 13/2/2017

What is Melanoma?• cancer of the melanocytes• Melanocytes → Stratum Basale

1. overview

4.treatment

3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

What is Melanoma?

• sunlight→ melanocytes produce more pigment, causing the skin to tan.• moles: benign

• Flat/raised• round/oval• small

1. overview

4.treatment

3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

Types of Skin Cancer

1. overview

4.treatment

3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

Melanoma• 5% of all skin cancer cases• causes most skin cancer-related deaths.

1. overview

4.treatment

3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

Causes of Melanoma

1. overview

4.treatment

3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

Risk Factors• Family history of melanoma • Dysplastic nevi (noncancerous, but unusual looking moles) • Previous melanoma • Many nevi (ordinary moles): more than 50 • Severe, blistering sunburns • Freckling tendency• Fair skin, light eyes• Excessive use of tanning beds

1. overview

4.treatment

3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

Signs and Symptoms• develop suddenly as a new mole or

slowly in or near an existing mole. • In men, often found between the

shoulders and hips, or the head and neck • In women, often develops on the lower

legs and between the shoulders and hips.

• also appear under the fingernails or toenails or on the palms or soles.

1. overview

4.treatment

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Signs and Symptoms cont…

• A skin growth that increases in size and looks pearly, translucent, tan, brown, black, red, pink, or multicolored.

• A mole that changes in color or in texture, becomes irregular in shape, gets larger, or is bigger than a pencil eraser.

• A spot or growth that continues to itch, hurt, crust, scab, erode, or bleed.

1. overview

4.treatment

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5. prevention

Signs and Symptoms cont…

• An open sore that lasts for more than 4 weeks, or heals and then reopens.

• A scaly or crusty bump that is horny, dry, and rough and may produce a pricking or tender sensation.

1. overview

4.treatment

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2. cause

5. prevention

ABCD’s of Melanoma

1. overview

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5. prevention

ABCD’s of Melanoma

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Melanoma

Early Melanoma is totally curable. If melanomas of this type are diagnosed early  minor surgery is all that is required.

1. overview

4.treatment

3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

1. overview

4.treatment

3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

Melanoma

1. overview

4.treatment

3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

Melanoma

Stages of Melanoma - Treatment

• Stage 0 — Also called melanoma in situ• Treatment is by surgery• Virtually all of these cases can be cured.

1. overview

4.treatment

3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

Stages of Melanoma - Treatment

• Stage IA — low-risk• less than .75 mm in thickness, and/or

has not penetrated to the dermis• Treatment is by surgery.

1. overview

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3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

Stages of Melanoma - Treatment

• Stage IIA — between 1.5 mm and 4 mm and/or has penetrated the deep dermis.

• Treatment is by surgery.

1. overview

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3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

Stages of Melanoma - Treatment

1. overview

4.treatment

3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

Stage IIB — thicker than 4 mm and/or invades the subcutaneous fat. “satellites” (around 2 cm). Treatment is by surgery.

Stages of Melanoma - Treatment

• Stage III —spread to the nearest lymph node.

• Treatment is by surgery.• Adjacent lymph nodes often removed.

1. overview

4.treatment

3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

Stages of Melanoma - Treatment

• Stage IV —spread to other organs such as the lung, liver, or brain, or to distant areas of skin or lymph nodes.

• Treatment may include surgery and chemotherapy

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3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

Surgery

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Surgery

1. overview

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Surgery

1. overview

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Surgeryplastic

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Facts• One person each hour dies from melanoma.• Melanoma afflicts nearly 45,000 Americans

yearly. • Affects all age groups and is one of the most

common cancers in young adults• Melanoma diagnosed at an early stage can

usually be cured, but melanoma diagnosed at a late stage is more likely to spread and cause death.

• The Key is PREVENTION!

1. overview

4.treatment

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5. prevention

Ultraviolet Rays• UV-A

Penetrate more deeply into the skin's layers than UV-B rays.

• These rays contribute to premature aging and wrinkling of the skin, to sunburn, and to skin cancer.

1. overview

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2. cause

5. prevention

UV Radiation• UV-B -Stronger than

UV-A, are more intense in summer months, at higher altitudes, and closer to the equator.

• Most common cause of sunburning, can contribute to the premature aging of the skin and can cause cataracts.

1. overview

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3. presenation

2. cause

5. prevention

UV Radiation• UV-C

These rays, although the strongest and most dangerous, are normally filtered by the ozone layer and do not reach the Earth.

1. overview

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How much UV reaches me?

• Time of Day: UV is greatest between 10 AM and 3 PM

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How much UV reaches me?

• Where You Live: UV is strongest at the equator and gets weaker as you move towards the Earth's poles.

Altitude: The air is cleaner and thinner at higher altitudes; therefore, UV exposure is greater in the mountains than in the valleys.

1. overview

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Sun Facts

• Protecting your skin during the first 18 years of life can reduce the risk of some types of skin cancer by up to 78%.

• You can get a sunburn even on a cloudy day! Up to 80% of the sun's rays can penetrate light clouds, mist, and fog.

• Severe sunburn during the first 15 years of life can double the risk of skin cancer.

• You can get sunburned when you are in the water - Water reflects an additional 5% of the sun's rays back on you.

• Even dry surfaces reflect the sun's rays! Concrete reflects 10% to 12% of the sun's rays.

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Prevention

• 1. UV reflection from sand, water, pavement, cement and snow doubles the amount of ultraviolet exposure.

• 2. Wear a sunscreen with a minimun of 15 SPF, even on cloudy days.

• SPF- Sun Protection Factor• Number= amount of time you can spend in the sun

without getting burned.• Ex No sunscreen- Burn 10 minutes• Ex SPF- 5- Burn time 50 minutes

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Thanks for your attention