Sexual Reproduction in Humans - Gamete Transfer and Fertilisation
MEIOSIS - cuni.cz · paternal meiosis II X X X Y Y X zygote X Y X Y X X 45,X Y Y or: aberrant...
Transcript of MEIOSIS - cuni.cz · paternal meiosis II X X X Y Y X zygote X Y X Y X X 45,X Y Y or: aberrant...
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MEIOSISMEIOSIS
Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics of the First Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching HospitalFaculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital
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REDUCTION OF THE REDUCTION OF THE CHROMOSOME NUMBER AND CHROMOSOME NUMBER AND
SEPARATION BY MEIOSISSEPARATION BY MEIOSIS
A a
paternal
A aANAPHASE I
A A a aA A a
maternal
ANAPHASE II
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COMPARISON MITOSIS - MEIOSISCOMPARISON MITOSIS - MEIOSIS
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DRAW THE EXPECTED DISTRIBUTION OF DRAW THE EXPECTED DISTRIBUTION OF 2 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES (2n = 4) 2 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES (2n = 4) DURING MEIOSIS (NO-CROSSING DURING MEIOSIS (NO-CROSSING OVER IS SUPPOSED)OVER IS SUPPOSED)
HOW MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF HOW MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF GAMETES CAN ORIGINATE WHEN: GAMETES CAN ORIGINATE WHEN: 2n = a) 4, b) 6, c) 46?2n = a) 4, b) 6, c) 46?
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MP
2n = 4
ANAPHASE I
ANAPHASE II
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a) 4b) 8c) 223
In general 2n
HOW MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF HOW MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF GAMETES CAN ORIGINATE WHEN: GAMETES CAN ORIGINATE WHEN: 2n = a) 4, b) 6, c) 46?2n = a) 4, b) 6, c) 46?
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MEIOSIS – PROPHASE IMEIOSIS – PROPHASE I
2n = 4PACHYTENE
DIPLOTENE
DIAKINESIS
ZYGOTENE
LEPTOTENE
SYNAPSEBIVALENT
CROSSING-OVER
TETRAD
DESYNAPSE
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MEIOSIS I – CONT.MEIOSIS I – CONT.
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MEIOSIS IIMEIOSIS II
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Task 7, p. 29Task 7, p. 29WHICH GENETIC MECHANISMS COULD WHICH GENETIC MECHANISMS COULD
CAUSE THE GENETIC VARIABILITY OF CAUSE THE GENETIC VARIABILITY OF NEXT GENERATIONS?NEXT GENERATIONS?
RECOMBINATIONS• INTRACHROMOSOMAL• OF MATERNAL AND PATERNAL
CHROMOSOMES DURING GAMETOGENESIS• CHROMOSOME SETS DURING FERTILIZATION
MUTATIONS
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1. Nondisjunction in Down, Turner, and Klinefelter syndrome
p. 80/Task 6e, a, b (preserve this order)Remaining c) and d) - syndromes XXX
and supermale – home work, as selfstudy!
N.B.: Fill in all possibilities of the nondisjunction events for a particular syndrome could originate. This is asked in the text, exactly as in final exam test. 11
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General schedule of disjunction of chromosomes in the meiosisand fertilisation normal
gamete
zygote
normal gamete of the second parent
No.No.or XXor XY
No. No.
No.Normal
karyotype
Germinal cell(pair of
chromosomes)
After the meiosis I(single chromosome)
After the meiosis II(monochromatidal
chromosome)
No. No.Chromatid disjunction in meiotic division II.
No. No.Chromosome disjunction in meiotic division I.
No. No. No.
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General schedule of nondisjunction(principle, example) aberrant
gamete
zygote
normal gamete of the second parent
(monosomic)
cytogenetic diagnosis
No.No. No.
No. No. No.
No.No.or XXor XY
No.
No.No.
No.
No. No.
Chromatid nondisjunction in meiotic division II.
Germ cell(pair of
chromosomes)
After the meiosis I(single chromosome)
After the meiosis II(monochromatidal
chromosome)
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Down syndrome (simple trisomy)Nondisjunction in the meiosis Iin the father or in the mother aberrant
gamete
zygote
normal gamete of the second parent
(monosomic)
21 21
21 21
21 21
21 21
21 21 21
21
47,XX,+2147,XY,+21
21 21
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Down syndrome (simple trisomy)Nondisjunction in the meiosis IIin the father or in the mother
zygote
21 21
21 21
21 21
21 21
21 21 21
21
21 2147,XX,+2147,XY,+21
aberrant gamete
normal gamete of the second parent
(monosomic)
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Turner syndromeNondisjunction in the paternal meiosis I
X Y X Y
zygote
X Y
X Y X
X
45,X
aberrant gamete
mother’s normal gamete
(monosomic)
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Turner syndromeNondisjunction in the maternalmeiosis I
zygote
X X
X X
X X
X
X
45,XX X
aberrant gamete
father’s normal gamete
(monosomic)
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Turner syndromeNondisjunction in the paternal meiosis II
X X
X Y Y
X
zygote
X Y
X Y X
X
45,X
Y Y
or:
aberrant gamete
mother’s normal gamete
(monosomic)
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Turner syndromeNondisjunction in the maternalmeiosis II
zygota
X X
X X
X
X
X
X X45,X
X
aberrant gamete
father’s normal gamete
(monosomic)
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Klinefelter syndromeNondisjunction in the paternal meiosis I
zygote
X Y
X Y
X Y
X Y
X X Y
X
47,XXYX Y
aberrant gamete
mother’s normal gamete
(monosomic)
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X X
zygote
X X
X X
X X
X X Y
Y
47,XXYX X
Klinefelter syndromeNondisjunction in the maternalmeiosis I
aberrant gamete
father’s normal gamete
(monosomic)
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Klinefelter syndromeNondisjunction in the maternalmeiosis II
X X X X
zygote
X X
X X
X X
X X Y
Y
47,XXY
aberrant gamete
father’s normal gamete
(monosomic)