Meine van Noordwijk - Sasumua: linking a landscape and institutional mosaic to climate change in...
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W O R L D A G R O F O R E S T R Y C E N T R E
Sasumua: linking a landscape and institutional mosaic to climate change
in Kenya
Meine van Noordwijk and Thomas Yatich World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
2009 Forest Day 3, Learning Event
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Globally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (GAMA)
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA)
Locally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (LAMA)
Landscapeapproaches toadaptation +
mitigation
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�Administrativemosaic�Ethnic and social affinity mosaic�Watershed hierar-chies�Patchwork of ve-getation�Patchwork of land access/ forest class rules
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stem-flow
through-fall
rainfall cloudinterception
lateraloutflow
percolation
rechargeinfiltration
surfaceevaporation
transpiration
canopy waterevaporation
uptake
quick-flow
baseflow
{surfacerun-on
sub-surfacelateralinflow
surfacerun-off
Stream:
the trees
the soil
What matters most in a ‘forest’:
the landscape
?
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14
2
35
Myth-use of forest hydrology for maintaining political control over land
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http://presa.worldagroforestry.org/files/2009/07/presasasumua.pdf
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Paradigm CES: ‘Commoditized ES’or markets for commoditizedenvironmental service procure-ment (or land use proxies with periodic full impact study)
Paradigm COS: ‘CompensatingOpportunitiesSkipped’ or paying land users for accepting man-datory or volun-tary restrictions on their use of land
Paradigm CIS: ‘Co-investment in Stewardship’ andco-manage-ment of land-scapes for redu-cing poverty and enhancing ES, sharing risk and responsibility
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http://portal.iri.columbia.edu/portal/server.pt
July 2009 Forecast of El Nino condi-tions: above-average rainfall in Kenya
In fact: late start of rains, below-average total as yet; water rationing in Nairobi
Predictability of rainfall at gro-wing-season scale is still low
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+~ 50 NTU 5-10 NTU
Dam & spillway
under repair
Chania river intake
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Lesson 2
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Nairobi
Stakeholders• Local farmers organizations• Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company• Water Resources Management Authority• Athi River Water Services Board• Kenya Forestry Service• Ministry of Livestock.
Research Partners• World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF);• National Environment Management Authority (NEMA)ofKenya• Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
http://presa.worldagroforestry.org/files/2009/07/presasasumua.pdf
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Rapid/replicable Hydrological Appraisal (RHA: 6 months, 5k$) integrates 3 types of knowledge
LocalEcologicalKnowledge
Public/PolicyEcologicalKnowledge
HydrologistEcologicalKnowledge
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Lesson 3
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Landscapemosaicresource
interactions
new components &
technologies
spontaneous
change
agreed
changes
performanceindicators
actors,stake-holders
Negotiationprocess
Plots (land use s.s.)
Matrix (filter)
Roads/streams (channel)
Negotiation Support System: tool + process
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Lesson 4
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Conclusions:1. NAMA between LAMA and GAMA2. LAMA: Mosaic of mosaics
3. Realistic, Conditional, Voluntary & Pro-poor: equally large challenges in all 4 aspects
• Administrative mosaic• Ethnic and social affinity mosaic• Watershed hierarchies• Patchwork of vegetation• Patchwork of land access/ forest class
rules