Mehmet Eris

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Boron Industry

Basic Indrustrial Processes

Prof. Dr. smail PEKER

Mehmet Eri14.12.2005


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Contents

Properties of BoronBoron Minerals

Uses of Boron

Products of Turkey

BOREN (National Research Institute of

Boron)

Current and planned near future uses of

Boron in Turkey


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Boron

Boron was discovered by Joseph Gay-

Lussac and Louis Thnard, French

chemists, and independently by Sir

Humphry Davy, a British chemist, in 1808

The name comes from the Arabic word

buraq, "white."


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Boron

Boron is a hard, brittle semi_metallic

element.

Chemical Symbol : B

Atomic number : 5

Atomic weight : 10.81

Melting Point : 2348 KBoiling Point : 4273 K


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Chemical Properties of Boron

Boron is one of the simplest of atoms.

The only simpler ones are hydrogen,

helium, lithium and beryllium.

Boron has chemical symbol B, atomic

number 5, and occurs naturally as 80%B11 and 20% B10.


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Chemical Properties of Boron

The latter isotope has a high cross section for thermal

neutron absorption, 3800 barns.

Thermal neutron counters are often filled with BF3 gas.

The gamma ray from the neutron capture reaction

B10(n,-)B11* followed by decay of the B11* to an plus

Li7 produces ionization which is then detected.

Boron is also used in reactor control rods. This is a

nuclearproperty of boron, and has nothing at all to do

with its chemistry. The atomic weight of boron is 10.81.


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Boron Minerals

Boron does not occur in nature as free element,

Crude borax occurs in nature as a mineral withassociated clay and other impurities.

There are over 200 naturally occuring boroncontaining minerals but the most commerciallyimportant and frequently traded minerals (salts,known as borates) are

tincal colemanite, ulexite and kernite.


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Valuable Boron Minerals

Source: Ulusal Bor Aratrma Enstits


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Turkey largest producer of boron

ore in the world.

Important boron minerals of Turkey's are tincal,

colemanite and ulexite.

Boron minerals contain different amount of B2O3

in their structures.The important factor for industrial application of

boron minerals are B2O3content, so they can

replace each other in use .

This means that one boron mineral can be trade

competiter the other one.


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Turkey largest producer of boron

ore in the world.

Boron minerals can be used in some sectors in

the industry as crude minerals.

In general, their applications after refining and

end-products are wider than crude ones.Borates find use in a different sectors, however

the principal markets are: Agriculture, detergents

and soaps, flame retardants,glass, glazes, frits ,

enamels and insulation.


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Boron Reserves

In the world, Turkey, USA and Russia have the important

boron mines. In terms of total reserve basis,

Turkey has a share of %64

The other important country USA is %9.Total world boron reserves on the basis of B2O3content

are 363 million tons proven.

522 million tones probable and possible, as a total of 885

million tons.With a share of %64, Turkey has a total boron reserves

of 563 million tons on the basis of B2O3content.


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Boron Reserves

* Source: Eti Holding


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Borax

Molten borax reacts with metal oxides to form boratesthat dissolve in the melt, so it is a useful as a weldingand soldering flux, and in colored enamels for iron.

In fact, this was the earliest use of borax, as a pottery

glaze.This same property is used for borax bead tests inchemistry, where the characteristic colors produced in atransparent borax drop melted on a loop of platinum wirein a bunsen burner flame are observed. Blue, for

example, is the color of cobalt; green, of chromium. Thecolor can differ in oxidizing (blue) and reducing (yellow)flames.


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Boron Uses


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Boron Uses

Boron minerals can be used in some

sectors in the industry as crude minerals.

In general, their applications after refining

and end-products are wider than crudeones. Boron minerals, borates and

compounds have a very wide range of

applications


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Agriculture

Agriculture-Essential micronutrient for all

plant


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Detergents and Soaps

Act as pH buffer

Soften the Washing water borax, Na2B4O7.10H2O is a water

softener in washing powders

Enhance the solubility of otheringredients


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Detergents and Soaps

Act as a gentle but powerful

bleaching agent

boron compounds show

promise in treating arthritis

Anti-bacterial properties

eliminate micro organisms

boric, or boracic, acid, is

used as a mild antiseptic


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Ceramic Glazes and Enamel Frits

Provide good fluxing properties

Provide a good base for dissolving

colouring agents.

boron compounds are extensively used in the

manufacture of enamels and borosilicate

glasses


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Insulation Fibreglass

Reduce the temperature at which fibres

are formed.

Improve the durability of the glass fibres

Reduce the viscositry of the molten glass.

Increase the biosolubility of the glass

fibres.


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Timber Preservation

Prevent and control the spread of bacteria.

Inhibit corrosion.

Act as flame retardant


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Flame Retardants

Enhance the performance of alumina

trihydrate

Effective as flame retardants


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Nuclear Power Stations

Absorb thermal neutrons

Used to control nuclear reaction

Used in nuclear shielding.

10B is used as a control for nuclearreactors, as a shield for nuclear

radiation, and in instruments used for

detecting neutrons


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Metallurgy

Used as cover fluxes

Dissolve and remove un wanted metal

oxides as slag

borax, Na2B4O7.10H2O, is a cleansing flux in

welding


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LubricantRocket Fuels

Lubricant

boron nitride is as hard as diamond. It behaves like anelectrical insulator, but conducts heat like a metal. It alsohas lubricating properties similar to graphite

Rocket Fuels

the hydrides are sometimes used as rocket fuels

amorphous boron is used in pyrotechnic flares(distinctive green colour), and rockets (as an igniter)


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Aerospace

Aerospace

boron filaments, a high-strength, lightweight

material, are used for advanced aerospace

structures, .

lightweight compounds used for aerospace

structures

Fiberoptic

boron filaments used in fibre optics research


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Other Uses

Glass,

Magnets

Automobile airbags

Photography

Adhesives

Insect Poison

Boric Acid is also used in North America forthe control of cockroaches, silverfish, ants,fleas, and other insects.


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Products of Turkey

Eti Mine


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Boron Products

Bigadi ColemaniteGround Colemanite

Kestelek Colemanite

Hisarck ColemaniteEspey Colemanite

Tincal

Ulexite

Borax DH

Borax PH

ETBOR-48ETBOR-68Boric Acid

Sodium Perborate


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National Research Institute

of Boron


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Foundation

BOREN (National Research Institute of Boron)

is founded with the aim of

Providing necessary scientific environment in order to

widespread usage boron products and technologies,development and increase production of boron products

Providing support, and coordinating any commercial

or governmental organizations researchs.

Institute is related organization of Ministry ofEnergy and Natural Resources.


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Boron Uses in Turkish


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Near Future Uses

Agriculture

Wood Emprenye Works

Isolation purposed construction materialChimney and building isolation

Textile and paper industries


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Kaynaklar

National Boron Research Institute

www.boren.gov.tr

University of Denverwww.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/boron.htm

Eti Mine Works

www.etimaden.gov.tr
http://www.boren.gov.tr/http://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/boron.htmhttp://www.etimaden.gov.tr/http://www.etimaden.gov.tr/http://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/boron.htmhttp://www.boren.gov.tr/


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Thanks for your interest

Mehmet Eris

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