Megumi KURAYAMA(Hiroshima Univ.) Masayuki MURAKAMI(Kyoto Univ. of Foreign Studies)
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Transcript of Megumi KURAYAMA(Hiroshima Univ.) Masayuki MURAKAMI(Kyoto Univ. of Foreign Studies)
Analysis of Lesson using Interactive Environment for Learning by Problem-Posing
in Elementary School Arithmetic
Megumi KURAYAMA(Hiroshima Univ.)Masayuki MURAKAMI(Kyoto Univ. of Foreign Studies)
Tsukasa HIRASHIMA(Hiroshima Univ.)
• Problem-Posing– The learner poses a problem based on some
information given to him.
• The knowledge about problems stays the learner– “When (condition) are given and we want to get (goal),
we can solve the problem by following (solution plan).”
Introduction
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Pose a problem that can be solved by “5+4”.
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Introduction• An example arithmetic class by problem posing – The teacher shows the expression, and the learner
poses a problem. They discuss the problem.
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Pose a problem that can be solved by “8+6”.
Question
There are eight peaces.There are six apples.How many peaches and apples in total are there?
There are eight oranges.Six oranges were gotten.How many oranges are there now?
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Introduction• The point at issue of the class by problem-posing– The child poses one or two problems in class.– The child evaluates the problems with others.
• Teach problem-posing using ICT(Information and Communication Technology)– The problems which a child poses in class increases.– ICT judges the problem that a child posed
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Interactive Environment for Learning by Problem-Posing ~ MonsakunⅡ ~
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A condition of the problem
Cards to pose a problem
The Button to check the problem
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Introduction• Arithmetic class using “MonsakunII”– The main of the class is to pose problems using
MonsakunII by the children.– The teacher taught places where the children
can not pose a problem.
• In case of a class that a teacher gives using ICT, a new class design is important.– It doesn’t share a traditional class design.
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Introduction• A teacher planed a arithmetic class
using MonsakunII. • The class has original point of –Posing problems–Choosing cards–Checking problems
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Purpose of our studyWe analyzed the arithmetic class using the interactive environment for learning by problem-posing.① Different leading ways in
problem-posing– Choosing cards or not.
② Discussion a result of the problems posed by children
– Checking problems8E-Learn2012@Montreal, CANADA
Table of this Presentation• Interactive Environment for Learning
by Problem-Posing: MONSAKUN II• The Lessons using MONSAKUN II• Analysis of Lessons using MONSAKUN
II– Lessons and Activity of children using
MONSAKUN II– Learning Effects
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INTERACTIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR LEARNING BY PROBLEM-POSING: MONSAKUN II
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Monsakun II
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A condition of the problem
Cards to pose a problem
The Button to check the problem
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Forward Thinking Problems and Reverse Thinking Problems
• Forward Thinking Problems– The operational structure of the
calculation is same with the operational structure of the story.
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There are three apples.There are four oranges.There are some apples and oranges in total.How many apples and oranges in total are there ?
Story operation structure: 3+4=?Calculation operation structure: 3+4
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Forward Thinking Problems and Reverse Thinking Problems
• Reverse Thinking Problems– The operational structure of the
calculation is not same with the operational structure of the story.
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There are some apples.There are four oranges.There are seven apples and oranges in total.How many apples are there at first?
Story operation structure: 3+4=?Calculation operation structure: 3+4
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LESSONS USING MONSAKUN II
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Practice Lessons• Situation– Six Lessons by problem-posing
( 45minutes per a lesson)– 39 children in a class of second grade at
a elementary school– One personal computer to a child– The pre-test before the lesson practices,
the post-test after.
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Practice Lessons• Date Correction and Analysis– Record of the lessons– Observation of the lessons–Wrote the state of a white board in these
lessons.
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Practice Lessons
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The children used MONSAKUN II
The general lesson
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A Lesson plan using MonsakunII• A process of problem-posing in a general lesson (a
result of the observation)① The teacher shows a expression and a story structure
of the problem that children should pose.② Children repeat every card, which is necessary to pose
a problem.③ Children find unnecessary cards to pose a problem in
these cards.④ Children show the reason that this card is unnecessary.⑤ Children choose and set three cards from the remnants
of these cards.⑥ The teacher and children judge the posed problem.
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A Lesson plan using MonsakunII
① The teacher shows a expression and a story structure of the problem that children should pose.
② Children repeat every card, which is necessary to pose a problem.
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A Lesson plan using MonsakunII
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A Lesson plan using MonsakunII
③ Children find unnecessary cards to pose a problem in these cards.
④ Children show the reason that this card is unnecessary.
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A Lesson plan using MonsakunII
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A Lesson plan using MonsakunII
⑤ Children choose and set three cards from the remnants of these cards.
⑥ The teacher and children judge the posed problem.
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A Lesson plan using MonsakunII
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ANALYSIS OF LESSONS USING MONSAKUN II
Lessons and Activity of children using MONSAKUN II
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Lessons and Activity of children using MONSAKUN II
• Different leading ways in problem-posing– In third lesson the teacher did not teach
step 4 of the process of problem-posing in a general lesson.
The teacher did not choose unnecessary cards by problem-posing in MONSAKUN IIE-Learn2012@Montreal, CANADA 26
Lessons and Activity of children using MONSAKUN II
• After a general lesson,– In third lesson there is not a change of correct problem rate.– In forth lesson there is a change of correct problem rate.
• In forth lesson correct problem rate of second half went up.
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32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 440
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100%number percentage
5 6 7 8 9 101112 3940414243444546470
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100%number percentage
A general lesson
A general lesson
the number of posed problems and correct problem rate in reverse thinking problems
Third lesson Forth lesson
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Lessons and Activity of children using MONSAKUN II
• Differences between third lesson and forth lesson– A difference in a process of problem-
posing– Discussing a result of a problem posed
by children
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Analysis of class contents ~A difference in a process of problem-posing~
• In third class, the children didn’t select the necessary cards to pose a problem.
→ Posing a problem was difficult.• In forth class, they select the necessary
cards to pose a problem.→ Posing a problem was easy.
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• In third class, the child couldn’t pose a correct problem.– There are many number of posed
problems, but the correct problem rate is low.
• In forth class, the child could pose a correct problem.– There are few number of posed
problems, but the correct problem rate is high.
Analysis of class contents~Discussing a result of a problem posed by children~
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ANALYSIS OF LESSONS USING MONSAKUN II
Learning Effects
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Learning Effectspre-test post-test
p-valueaverage standard
deviation average standard deviation
number of posed problems 3.525 0.835 4.000 0.000 0.0027number of correct problems 1.650 1.347 3.051 1.168 1.48×10-5
number of forward thinking problems 0.975 1.038 2.256 1.044 1.37×10-5
number of reverse thinking problems 0.675 0.805 0.794 0.922 0.5401
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After the children pose a problem with MONSAKUN II and these classes, the children can pose problems with the smooth.
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Learning Effects
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Children of the low score group are especially able to pose problems.
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Conclusions and Future works
• Conclusions– Interactive Environment for Learning by
Problem-posing: MONSAKUNII– The lessons using MONSAKUNII– Analysis of lessons using MOSNAKUNII
• Future works– Analysis of the behavior that children
pose problems in MonsakunII.–Making a plan of class using MonsakunII.
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