Effective Leadership‘empowering transformational leadership’

’jomberubah’Megat Zainurul Anuar bin Megat Johari

www.thedreamsoft.commegat@thedreamsoft.com

objectives

• describe leadership and identify the relationship between leadership and management.

• analyze different theories of leadership as they apply to management.

• examine styles of leadership and their impact on organizations.

• consider the question of leadership power and control. • leadership from the ethnic diversity management point. • Identify modern frameworks for leadership• Identify and analyze the skills needed for effective leadership

icebreaking

• what is leadership?

• what is management?

leadership vs. management

“managers are people who do things right and leaders are people who do the right things”

Exercise…1

Personal Check-In: Individual Leadership Reflection

Think about a leadership experience that really pleased you, a time when you worked with others and did a good job of helping something positive or effective occur. It can be a work experience or a personal experience.

1. Briefly summarize the situation.

2. What action did you take to make it happen?

3. What three words would you use to describe the situation?

effective leadership and management styles

effective leadership & effective management

'effective leadership is putting first things first' and 'effective management is discipline, carrying it out'

contingency theories

Fiedler’s contingency Model

I II III IV V VI VII VIII

Good Good Good Good Poor Poor Poor Poor

High High Low Low High High Low Low

Strong weak strong weak strong weak strong weak

Category

Leader member relations

Task structures

Position power

Moderate UnfavorableFavorable

Task Oriented Relationship Oriented

Performance Good

poor

path goal theory

Environmental Contingency Factors• Task Structure• Formal authority system• Work Group

Subordinate contingency factors•Locus of control•Experience•Perceived ability

Outcomes •Performance•Satisfaction

Leader Behavior•Directive•Supportive•Participative•Achievement -oriented

the management grid

HIGHLOW

9.11.1

5.5

9.91.9HIGH

1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Country Club management

Team management

Middle-of-the-road management

Impoverishedmanagement

Authoritarian management

LOW

Autocratic Democratic Laissez-fair

Use of authority by manager Area of freedom for

employees

Manager makes decision and announces it.

Manager permits employees to function within limits defined by senior manager.

Manager allows employees complete freedom of action.

Manager defines limits set bysenior manager andasks group to Make decision.

Manager presents problem, receives suggestions, and makesdecisions.

Manager presents tentative decision, subject to change.

Manager presents ideas andinvites questions.

Manager Sellsdecisions.

leadership continuum

situational approach to leadership

• Leader-member relations

• Task Structure

• Leaders’ position power

situational determinants of effective leadership

Task Structure

Leader-member relation

Leader position power

Good

High

Low

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Relationship-motivated leaders perform better

Task motivated Leaders perform better

Good Good Good Poor Poor Poor Poor

Structured Unstructured Structured Unstructured

Strong Strong Strong StrongWeak Weak Weak Weak

situational approach to leadershipmanagers need to vary their leadership style with each phase

Task BehaviorDirective behavior

1. Provide specific instructions andclosely superviseperformance…

4. Turn over responsibility for decisions and implementation…

2. Explain your decisions and provide opportunity for clarification

3. Share ideas and facilitate in making decisions…

Leader Behavior

Low

[RELATIONSHIP]

High

High [TASK]

Rela

tions

hip

Beha

vior

Supp

ortiv

e be

havi

or

Delegating

Participating Selling

Telling

Lo. Task & Lo. rel.

Hi. Task & Lo. rel.

Hi. Task & Lo. rel.

Hi. Task & Hi. rel.

path-goal approach of leadershipmanager identifies the ‘goals’ and rewards the ‘paths’ to be take, to reach them

In this process an effective leader:• Identifies and communicates to subordinates the path they

follow in order to achieve personal and organizational objectives.

• Helps subordinates along the chosen path. • Helps to remove obstacles on the path that might prevent the

achievement of these objectives.

participatory approach of leadershipthere are 5 leadership styles according to vroom and yetton in decision-making process:

• Autocratic I (AI)-managers solve the problem or make the decisions themselves, using the available information.

• Autocratic II (AII)-managers obtain information from subordinates before making the decisions themselves.

• Consultative I (CI)-managers share the problem with the relevant subordinates individually and obtain their ideas and information and then make the decisions themselves.

• Consultative II (CII)-managers share the problem with the relevant subordinates as a group and obtain their ideas and information and then make the decisions themselves.

• Group Participation (G)-managers share the problem with subordinates as a group and together analyze the problem and consider the alternative solutions.

charismatic and transformational leadershipcharismatic leaders are able through their personal vision and energy inspire follower and have major impact on an organization.

• Anticipatory skills• Vision skills• Value skills• Empowerment skills• Self-understanding skills

“more leaders have been made by accidental circumstances, sheer grit, or will, than have been made by all the leadership courses together”.

the power of leaders

• Coercive Power – the main consideration in a general discussion on the object, fear of leader, punishment, threats-autocratic leadership

• Expert Power – expertise, knowledgeable, recognition • Legitimate Power – hierarchy of the organization, the more senior the

manager is, the more power has. • Referent Power - charismatic• Reward Power – ability to provide rewards for the followers, as pay,

promotion and recognition. • Connection Power – relationship with influential partners (inside &

outside). • Information Power – access to valuable information.

what do the effective leaders do?

Set strategy

Motivate

Create a Mission

Build a Culture

what should leaders do?

To get Results

Exercise…2

write down your own leadership style- you are given 5 minutes for this exercise

case study

the qualities of leadership

Personality and Character Courage

Willpower

Knowledge

InitiativeUnselfishness Enjoyment of being

a leader

conclusion

• management is largely concerned with leadership, because managers need to establish a sense of direction and to motivate people to move in that direction.

• understanding of leadership theories provides the basis for analyzing leadership and management styles. it is also a factor in the process of making decisions.

• charismatic leadership helps to illustrate the power of leaders. discussion of the need for leadership highlights the management tasks and objectives.