MEGAN DONAHUE MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY ......LARGE TELESCOPES Take us from colors to precision,...
Transcript of MEGAN DONAHUE MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY ......LARGE TELESCOPES Take us from colors to precision,...
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SCIENCE OF GSMTS
MEGAN DONAHUE MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
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30-M PROJECTS
▸ GIANT MAGELLAN TELESCOPE (GMT)
▸ 7 mirrors, 8.5 m (24.5M eff. diameter) ▸ Chile
▸ THIRTY METER TELESCOPE (TMT) ▸ 30 m, segmented primary ▸ Canary Islands or Maunakea
▸ EUROPEAN EXTREMELY LARGE TELESCOPE (E-ELT) ▸ 39 m, segmented segmented
▸ Chile
MEGAN DONAHUETHE SCIENCE OF GSMTS
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INSTRUMENTATION TABLE
Type of Instrument GMT TMT E-ELT
Near-IR, AO-assisted Imager + IFU GMTIFS IRIS HARMONI
Wide-Field, Optical Multi-Object Spectrometer
GMACS WFOS MOSAIC-HMM
Near-IR Multislit Spectrometer NIRMOS IRMS MOSAIC-HMM
Deployable, Multi-IFU Imaging Spectrometer
IRMOS MOSAIC-HDM
Mid-IR, AO-assisted Echelle Spectrometer
MIRES METIS
High-Contrast Exoplanet Imager TIGER PFI EPICS
Near-IR, AO-assisted Echelle Spectrometer
GMTNIRS NIRES SIMPLE
High-Resolution Optical Spectrometer
G-CLEF HROS HIRES
“Wide”-Field AO-assisted Imager WIRC MICADO
courtesy Luc Simard, via Mark Dickinson
EARLY-LIGHT INSTRUMENTS UNDERLINED & HIGHLIGHTED
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ANGULAR RESOLUTION WITH ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND LARGE APERTURE
Natural 0.5” HST 0.2” JWST 0.07” GMT 0.02”
GMT Science Book
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SPECTROSCOPIC SENSITIVITY
5-sigma limits for some extragalactic imaging surveys GMT Science Book
20-hr I-band spectroscopic limits for large telescopesLarge telescopes will be able to study many LSST detections
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RESOLUTION AND DISCOVERY SPACE
Adap%veOp%csrequired
MEGAN DONAHUE
Slide content from M.Dickinson/TMT
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LARGE TELESCOPES
▸ Take us from colors to precision, from consistency checks to verification…
▸ radial velocities of planets, of stars near central black holes, of the most distant galaxies
▸ abundances: yields of neutron star mergers, Pop III supernovae captured in low-metallicity stars, intergalactic gas metallicities
▸ sensitivity to diffuse gas (emission & absorption lines)
▸ Capture high S/N observations of distant, faint, and/or short-lived radiation sources.
▸ Explore a larger volume of the ‘local’ universe, resolved study of not only more sources, but rarer and more extreme sources
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ASTRO-SCIENCE HEADLINES OF 2020-2030?▸ Precious metals created by neutron-star mergers
▸ Biology on other worlds: Ozone detected in the atmosphere of an Earth-like planet
▸ Astronomical records: most distant galaxy in the universe/most massive black hole/most massive star/smallest planet
▸ Surprises? The nature of dark matter and dark energy? Non-equilibrium biology on a planet unlike Earth?
MEGAN DONAHUE
Slide graphic courtesy Rebecca Bernstein/GMT
THE SCIENCE OF GSMTS
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MEGAN DONAHUE
GALAXIES AS SYSTEMS
dark matter
baryons/gas
baryons/stars
supermassive black holes
How do galaxies form and regulate their own growth?
THE SCIENCE OF GSMTS
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MEGAN DONAHUE
CLUSTERS AND GROUPS OF GALAXIES AS SYSTEMS
dark matter
baryons
stars
supermassive black holes
THE SCIENCE OF GSMTS
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MEGAN DONAHUE
GALAXIES AS SYSTEMS
dark matter
baryons
stars
supermassive black holes
THE SCIENCE OF GSMTS
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IGM TOMOGRAPHY▸ TMT/WFOS spectroscopy
down to R=24.5 with spectral resolution 5000 and S/N>30
▸ 100x more background galaxies than QSOs.
Graphics from TMT
THE SCIENCE OF GSMTS
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CIRCUMGALACTIC GAS IN EMISSION
Low-redshift (z~0.3) brightest cluster galaxies in rest-frame UV
Donahue+15, Tremblay+15
THE SCIENCE OF GSMTS
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THE EARLY UNIVERSE
▸ <200 pc at any redshift and ~10 pc or better when taking advantageof gravitationally-lensed galaxies
Gravitationally-lensed galaxy at z~3
THE SCIENCE OF GSMTS
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RESOLVED STELLAR POPULATIONS TO THE VIRGO CLUSTER
Keck AO: Brightest AGB Stars TMT IRIS: Red Giant Branch Stars
MDickinson/TMT
THE SCIENCE OF GSMTS
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NEARBY GALAXIES: ANDROMEDA
MDickinson/TMT
THE SCIENCE OF GSMTS
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SCIENCE WITH GSMTS
CLOSING THOUGHTS: THE ROLE OF SIMULATIONS, OBSERVATIONS AND THEORY
▸ Understanding how galaxy evolution happens requires watching the circumgalactic medium
▸ In simulations, the CGM varies wildly from one feedback prescription to the next, while getting the same solution for the stars
▸ Infall, outflow, AND recycling are features.
▸ Production, delivery and mixing of energy & metals are open questions in the simulations and in observations