Mega Part2

7/21/2019 Mega Part2

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ByBy

Leonardo C. Sawal, MSSELeonardo C. Sawal, MSSE

Development of Sources of Water

for Rural/Urban ResidencesDetermine the amount and quality of water, develop

source and provide sanitary measures against contaminationand pollution.


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The principles address the followingThe principles address the following::

Design and operation of data retrieval and storageDesign and operation of data retrieval and storagesystemssystems

orecastingorecasting

Developing alternative water use futuresDeveloping alternative water use futures

!stimating water re"uirements for natural systems!stimating water re"uirements for natural systems !#ploring the impacts of climate change!#ploring the impacts of climate change

Developing more e$cient systems for applyingDeveloping more e$cient systems for applyingwater in all water%using sectorswater in all water%using sectors

&naly'ing and designing water management&naly'ing and designing water managementsystems incorporating technical( economic(systems incorporating technical( economic(

environmental( social( legal( and politicalenvironmental( social( legal( and political

elements)elements)


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!arth*s Water Situation!arth*s Water Situation

+nly ,)-. is resh Water and -0),+nly ,)-. is resh Water and -0),

is in +ceans and Seasis in +ceans and Seas

resh Water &re:resh Water &re:

,)12 in 3olar 4aps,)12 in 3olar 4aps

5)51 in the &tmosphere5)51 in the &tmosphere5)552 Surface Water5)552 Surface Water

5)6, 7round Water5)6, 7round Water


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The 8ydrologic 4ycleThe 8ydrologic 4ycle

The hydrologic cycle is a global sun%drivenThe hydrologic cycle is a global sun%drivenprocess whereby water transported from theprocess whereby water transported from theoceans to the atmosphere to the land andoceans to the atmosphere to the land and

bac9 to the sea)bac9 to the sea)

The hydrologic cycle can be considered aThe hydrologic cycle can be considered a

closed system for the earth because the totalclosed system for the earth because the totalamount of water in the cycle is #ed evenamount of water in the cycle is #ed eventhough its distribution in time and space variesthough its distribution in time and space varies


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The Water 4ycleThe Water 4ycle


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Philippine Water ResourcesWater Supply = 14.! Bcu."Water Consu"ption = 4!.# Bcu."

Consu"ption Ratio = $%.!&


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Philippine WaterResources

'(era)e rain*all

$,4!! "" per year

4$1 Ri(ers+# Laes

Sur*ace water

1$-.% Bcu.".

roundwater

$!.$ Bcu."

Water Resources14.! Bcu."


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Uses and Importance of Water:Uses and Importance of Water:

Water is essential toWater is essential tolifelife) ;t is primarily) ;t is primarily

used for drin9ing andused for drin9ing and

the preparation ofthe preparation offoods and is afoods and is a

necessary element innecessary element in

the metabolicthe metabolic

processes of all livingprocesses of all livingthings( both plantsthings( both plants

and animals)and animals)


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Water is essential in the maintenance and improvementWater is essential in the maintenance and improvementof health and sanitation of community.of health and sanitation of community. It is used in foodIt is used in foodpreparation, washing of dishes, laundering of clothes,preparation, washing of dishes, laundering of clothes,cleaning of household, bathing and/or personal hygiene,cleaning of household, bathing and/or personal hygiene,watering of plants, and cleaning of yards and streets.watering of plants, and cleaning of yards and streets.

Water plays a critical role in the balanced relationshipbetween living things and the environment in which they

live. For examples, some animal life depends uponvegetation for food and vegetation, in turn, needs waterfor its growth processes. Furthermore, decaying organicmatter, like dead plants and animals, is converted intosoil by bacteria.



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On the other hand, bacteria need water for their growthOn the other hand, bacteria need water for their growth

processes. Then, new plants growing in this soil take up nutrientsprocesses. Then, new plants growing in this soil take up nutrientsdissolved in water through their roots. And then finally, plants aredissolved in water through their roots. And then finally, plants are

eaten by animals and the cycle repeats itself.eaten by animals and the cycle repeats itself.

Water provides man with some means of recreationWater provides man with some means of recreation , such as, such asswimming, boating, fishing and hunting.swimming, boating, fishing and hunting.

Water is also used in protecting life and property against fireWater is also used in protecting life and property against fire..

Water is employed in various industrial processes,Water is employed in various industrial processes, powerpowergeneration and also for navigation and transportation of products.generation and also for navigation and transportation of products.



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Water SourcesWater Sources

Rain or Atmospheric WaterRain or Atmospheric Water. /he "ost co""on. /he "ost co""on

*or" o* precipitation is rain.*or" o* precipitation is rain.

Surface WaterSurface Water. 0t is a "iture o* sur*ace runo2. 0t is a "iture o* sur*ace runo2and )roundwater includes ri(ers, strea"s,and )roundwater includes ri(ers, strea"s,

ponds, i"poundin) reser(oirs, seas and oceans.ponds, i"poundin) reser(oirs, seas and oceans.

roundwaterroundwater. 0t is the portion o* rain water. 0t is the portion o* rain waterwhich has percolate into the earth to *or"which has percolate into the earth to *or"

under)round deposits called a3ui*ers water5under)round deposits called a3ui*ers water5


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SourcesSourcesSU!A"# $AT#

WELL

CATCH RAIN


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TR!&T

CHEMICAL ANALYSISFILTRATION


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Reservoir to DistributionReservoir to Distribution


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Water Treatment Process.Water Treatment Process.


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SOURCE MIXIN

G

FLOCCULATION

DISINFECTION

DISTRIBUTIONWATER QUALITY

FILTRATION

SEDIMENTATION

CONVENTIONAL WATER TREATMENT


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4haracteristics of Water4haracteristics of Water

Water possessesWater possesses

certaincertain

characteristics whichcharacteristics which

directly or indirectlydirectly or indirectly

a>ect its "uality) Thea>ect its "uality) The

correspondingcorresponding

characteristics ofcharacteristics ofwater can only bewater can only be

identity byidentity by

performing certainperforming certain


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&) 3hysical 4haracteristics&) 3hysical 4haracteristics

These refer to turbidity( color(These refer to turbidity( color(

taste( and odor of water) Turbiditytaste( and odor of water) Turbidity

is caused by impurities while coloris caused by impurities while coloris imparted by the substancesis imparted by the substances

present in solution) Taste and odorpresent in solution) Taste and odor

are e#pressed only "ualitatively:are e#pressed only "ualitatively:that is( they are nor e#pressed inthat is( they are nor e#pressed in

specic units of measure)specic units of measure)


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?) 4hemical 4haracteristics?) 4hemical 4haracteristics

These refer to the p8 @acidity orThese refer to the p8 @acidity oral9alinityA( hardness @soap%consumingal9alinityA( hardness @soap%consuming

powerA( and contents total solids(powerA( and contents total solids(

chloride( and other dissolvedchloride( and other dissolvedsubstances) The total solids content ofsubstances) The total solids content of

water gives an idea of the total mineralwater gives an idea of the total mineral

impurities present) Water drin9ing andimpurities present) Water drin9ing and

household use should not containhousehold use should not contain

chemical substances beyond acceptablechemical substances beyond acceptable

limits as indicated in the 3hilippineslimits as indicated in the 3hilippines

=ational Standards for Water%Drin9ing)=ational Standards for Water%Drin9ing)


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4) ?iological 4haracteristics4) ?iological 4haracteristics

These refer to the presence of organismThese refer to the presence of organism

which are responsible for the taste andwhich are responsible for the taste and

odor of the water) ?acteria( viruses( andodor of the water) ?acteria( viruses( and

parasites( which are common agents ofparasites( which are common agents ofdiseases and other microscopic plant anddiseases and other microscopic plant and

plant life( such as insects and crustaceanplant life( such as insects and crustacean

larvae and algae are responsible for thelarvae and algae are responsible for thetaste and odor of water) The presence oftaste and odor of water) The presence of

these impurities also serves as an inde# ofthese impurities also serves as an inde# of

the pollution degree of the water source)the pollution degree of the water source)


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D) RadiologicalD) Radiological

4haracteristics4haracteristics Radioactive contaminants in drin9ing%water may comeRadioactive contaminants in drin9ing%water may comefrom naturally%occurring radionuclides present in roc9sfrom naturally%occurring radionuclides present in roc9s

and soils from earth formations)


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Stor"water runo2Stor"water runo2)enerally occurs as)enerally occurs assheet 8ow to the tosheet 8ow to the tothe streets, con(eyedthe streets, con(eyed

as )utter 8ow alon)as )utter 8ow alon)the streets to drainthe streets to draininlets9 collected 6yinlets9 collected 6ystor" sewers instor" sewers in

6uried conduits9 and6uried conduits9 anddischar)e intodischar)e intostrea"s, laes, orstrea"s, laes, orponds.ponds.

STORMWATER COLLECTION SYSTEMSTORMWATER COLLECTION SYSTEM

Mega Part2

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