Mediums of the Performing Arts

Performing arts are creative activities presented before an audience on stage and in open places. When heard and seen simultaneously, these arts become combined arts.

The performing arts include music, dance, theatre arts(play or drama), and literature.

Music

Music is an art. Culture is reflected in art. The more music a man knows, the more cultured he becomes. Music deals with sounds. The mediums of music are: vocal and instrumental music.

Vocal MusicVocal music is the oldest and most cultural forms of music.

Voice is produced by the vibrations of the the vocal chords in the voice box. Since the sound produced by these vibrations is not loud enough to be heard, resonators (lungs, esophagus, head, and mouth cavities) are needed to increase it’s volume.

Correct Posture

Standing correctly allows the air in the different body cavities to vibrate and flow fully. Keeping one foot forward will help maintain body balance. When seated while singing, keep your back away from the chair in a rising position. Correct Breathing

The quality and volume of the voice depends upon breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing is advisable, which, as the name implies, is breathing supported by the diapghram.

Correct Placement of the voice

To prevent throat singing and develop good tone quality, never force out the voice. Project the voice upward towards the head to improve tonal quality. Correct Diction

Good diction includes correct pronunciation, clean enunciation, and distinct articulation. Correct Interpretation

How a singer makes use of his face, eyes, hands, and other parts of the body assists his voice in conveying the meaning of the song.

5. Zarzuela – a Philippine drama set to music that is similar to the opera.

Short vocal forms include:

1. Folk songs 8. Madrigal

2. Art songs 9. ballad

3. Kundiman 10. Chorale

4. Balitaw 11. Round / cannon

5. Danza habanera 12. Area

6. Anthem

7. Motet

Voice Classification

1. Women’s voices

a. Soprano – tone is lighter in character, less somber, and frequently more flexible. It is broken down into: Coloratura soprano – highest and lightest of all

voices. Mezzo-soprano – medium high in tonal quality Lyric soprano – less high and flute-like. It is suited

for sweet songs like melodies.

b. Alto or contralto – the tone is richer and fuller

Classification of Vocal Music

1. Opera – drama set to music with action, costume, and scenery. It consists of overture, arias, recitative, ensemble, and chorus.

2. Cantata – a story told in music without action. It is a smaller version of the oratorio and may be secular or religious.

3. Oratorio – a form of dramatic music also consisting of an overture, arias, recitative, and ensemble based on biblical stories or contemplative characters.

4. Moro-moro – a Philippine drama set to music that depicts Christian and non-Christian conflicts.

2. Men’s voices

a. Tenor – the highest type in men’s voices

b. Baritone – lies between tenor and bass

c. Bass – lowest and deepest voice quality

Instrumental Music

1. Sonata – a long composition for solo instrument, consisting of large sections called movements.

2. Suite – a series of musical pieces that tells a story.

3. Symphony – a sonata for the orchestra.

4. Concerto – a sonata for solo and orchestra designed to show off virtuosity of the soloist.

5. Chamber Music – written for two solo instrument (violins and flutes) and basso continuo (low string and keyboard) and usually in several movements.

Types of Musical Instrument

Musical instruments have always been a source of wonder to both the player and the listener. They figure in our music singly, in small groups (chamber music ), in a band, or as part of the ensemble-orchestra.

Musical instruments are of three main types: string instruments (instruments which are bowed), wind instruments (instruments which are blown), and percussion instruments (which are struck).

String Instruments

Violin Viola

String bass

Violoncello

Wind Instruments

Piccolo Clarinet Oboe

English Horn Flute Bassoon

Brasses

TrumpetFrench Horn

TromboneTuba

Percussion instruments

Snare Drum Bass Drum Cymbals Triangle

Keyboard

PianoAccordion

Harpsichord Synthesizer

Properties of Musical Sound

4 properties: Pitch- the highness or lowness of a tone in the

musical scale. Duration- it depends on the length of time

over which vibration is maintained. Volume- it refers to the force or percussive

effects. Forte means loud and piano means soft.

Timbre or Tone Color- it is an individual quality of the sound produced by other instruments.

Dance It is an art, it tells a story, a set of moods, or expresses an emotion.

Types of Dance

Folk, Ethnic and Ritual Dances

These are social dances that portray the beliefs, interest, habits, customs and practices of the natives.

Ballroom Dances

These are dances of public entertainment, usually in pairs in ballrooms, nightclubs, auditoriums or in public places

Theatrical Dances

are performed for the entertainment of the audience in a theater.

Technique

the skill of movement executed by the dancer.

Techniques mostly used in Dancing

- use by dancers during execution of various dance turns.

Spotting

Footwork

– refers to the foot position and foot action

Moonwalk

- technique that presents the illusion of being pulled backward while attempting to walk forward.

Hand Hold- a manner of the dancer to hold hands during the dance.

Balancing, Flexibility Body Movements and Interpretations

Music

the auditory background to which a dancer moves.

Costume and Body Paraphernalia

properties worn by the dancer that help reflect the message, customs, beliefs, and setting of the dance.

Choreography

refers to the figures and steps in dancing that enable the dancers to perform a dance in an organized manner.

Scenery

refers to the background or setting where the dance is performed to make it more realistic and enriching.

LiteratureLanguage –medium of literature

Most languages are translated in English. It is translated to English for wider reach and distribution. Even if the translation captures the message of the manuscript, it can never capture or express the original beauty of it.

Not every translations are the accurate words. That is why the sound of original is completely lost, only the sense is perceived.

English is used because of its flexibility and and wide variety of writing techniques that can be experimented to it.

Uses of Literature

For Moral Values – to present moral values for the reader to understand and appreciate; the moral values may be directly or indirectly stated.

I believe a leaf of grass is no less than the journey of the star,

And the pismire is equally perfect, and a gain of sand, and the egg of the wren,

And the tree toad is a chef-d’oeuvre for the highest,

And the running blackberry would adorn the parlors of heavens,

And the narrowest hinge in my hands puts to scorn all the machinery,

And the cow crunching with depressed head surpasses any statue,

And a mouse is a miracle enough to stagger sextillions of infidels,

And I could come every afternoon of my life to look at the farmer’s

Girl boiling her iron teakettle and baking shortcake.

-an excerpt from Walt Whitman’s Song of Myself

For Propaganda – this kind of literature is found not only in history books and advertising and marketing books but also in some books describing one’s personal success and achievements in life.

For therapeutic Value- It could be looked on as a sophisticated modern elaboration of idea of catharsis ---- an emotional relief.

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud

BY WILLIAM WORDSWORTH

I wandered lonely as a cloud

That floats on high o'er vales and hills,

When all at once I saw a crowd,

A host, of golden daffodils;

Beside the lake, beneath the trees,

Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Continuous as the stars that shine

And twinkle on the milky way,

They stretched in never-ending line

Along the margin of a bay:

Ten thousand saw I at a glance,

Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

The waves beside them danced; but they

Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:

A poet could not but be gay,

In such a jocund company:

I gazed—and gazed—but little thought

What wealth the show to me had brought:

For oft, when on my couch I lie

In vacant or in pensive mood,

They flash upon that inward eye

Which is the bliss of solitude;

And then my heart with pleasure fills,

And dances with the daffodils.

Classification of Literature

A. Escape Literature – Helps to escape or temporarily forget our problems that pleasure us.

B. Interpretative Literature – Enable us o understand our troubles, pleasure us with understanding.

Methods of Art Production and PresentationIn art production, certain methods are employed for the presentation to be effective. A presentation can only be effective when the artist is able to express the idea he wants to make clear.

Authorities in the arts are one in their view that the different methods used by the artist in the production and presentation of an art are:

Realism In painting, this is the attempt to portray the subject as

it is. Even when the artists chooses a subject from nature, he can select, change and arrange details.

Realists try to be as objective as possible. The artist’s main function is to describe as accurately and honestly as possible what is observe through the senses.

We can say that an artwork is realistic when the presentation and organization of details in the work seem so natural.

Realism is a common way of presenting a subject.

Examples of realist paintings are the works of amorsolo.

Worth to mention are the Edgrado Reyes’ Sa Mga Kubo Ng Liwanag and Efren Abueg’s Dilim Sa Umaga. These are novels of social commentaries w/c are realistically vivid and clearly presented.

A 1954 Amorsolo oil painting depicts Philippine village life.

REALISM

Eiffel Tower, Paris

REALISM

REALISM

Abstraction Is used when the artist becomes so interested

in one phase of a scene or a situation that he does not show the subject at all as an objective reality, but only his idea, or his feelings about it.

Abstract means to move “away or separate”. Abstract art moves away from showing thigs

as they really are. The painter or artists paints the picture as it

really looks. The picture is not just likelife. It is rendered not realistic.

ABSTRACTION

Bird in space,Constantin Brancusi

ABSTRACTION

DISTORTION

To change the way something looks - sometimes deforming or stretching an object or figure out of its normal shape to exaggerate its features - making it more interesting or meaningful

DISTORTION – PAINTING

Woman with Two Mouths, lying on the Couch

DISTORTION - SCULPTURE

One technique he used was changing the proportion of the body parts. For instance, he would make the head small and slender compared to the rest of the body. A second thing he did was combining body parts, or leaving them out all together. For example, in this sculpture, he sort of fuses together the legs, and the arms are hardly there at all.

Henry moore

DISTORTION - ARCHITECTURE

City of Culture of Galicia

the City of Culture uses overlays and distortions to create what can be seen as landscapes as much as buildings.

Eisenman

ELONGATION

The subject is lengthened for protraction or extension.

ELONGATION - PAINTING

Portrait of Anna Zborowska 

Amedeo Clemente Modigliani 

ELONGATION - SCULPTURE

Head (c. 1910-12)

The subject's elongated neck and nose, and slit-like eyes also closely resemble the artist's handling of these features in his portraits and nudes, suggesting the close connection between his work in sculpture and two-dimensional media.

Amedeo Modigliani

ELONGATION - ARCHITECTURE

The distinctive sail-shaped silhouette of Burj Al Arab Jumeirah is more than just a stunning hotel, it is a symbol of modern Dubai.

Burge Hotel, Dubai

MANGLING

Subjects are either cut, lacerated, mutilated or hacked.

MANGLING - PAINTING

THE MANGLED MAN

MANGLING - SCULPTURE

Robert Graham - Bronze sculpture

CUBISM

Cubist want to show form in their basic geometrical shapes.

CUBISM - PAINTING

PABLO PICASSO (1881-1973)

'Factory, Horta de Ebbo', 1909

(oil on canvas)

CUBISM - SCULPTURE

Laurens, Henri (1885-1954) - 1920 Head of a Young Girl 

CUBISM - ARCHITECTURE

Frank O Gehry - Walt Disney Concert Hall

ABSTRACT EXPRESSION

●A school of painting that flourished after World War II until the early 1960s, characterized by the view that art is nonrepresentational and chiefly improvisational.●Strong color, heavy impasto, uneven brush stroke , and rough texture are the characteristic of this type of abstraction.●Some of the characteristics are usually on a large canvas, shows emotional intensity, careful planning, and energetic application.

ABSTRACT EXPRESSION - PAINTING

"Winter Time" by Mira Lisa Schiratis

ABSTRACT EPRESSION - SCULPTURE

John Chamberlain is a modern master of Bold, Colorful and original sculpture. Best known for creating sculptures from old automobiles (or parts of) that bring abstract expressionist style of painting into three dimensions.

KARANKAWAS FALLS2003JOHN CHAMBERLAIN

ABSTRACT EPRESSION - ARCHITECTURE

Winter Garden Facade-Brisbane

Symbolism A symbol in general, is a visible sign of something invisible such

as an idea or a quality.

It can be simply an emblem or sign like: % to represent percent, a lion to represent courage or a lamb to represent meekness.

These well-known symbols arise from conventional usage, association, and general relationship.

For example, in Alfred Lord Tennyson’s “Crossing the Bar.”

FOR THO’ FROM OUT OUR BOURNE OF TIME AND PLACE THE FLOOD MAY BEAR ME FAR, I HOPE TO SEE MY PILOT FACE TO FACE WHEN I HAVE CROSSED THE BAR.

The last two lines are symbolical for they clearly show the strong desire of the author to see God when he dies.

Spolarium,Juan Luna

SYMBOLISM

Taj Mahal, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri

SYMBOLISM

Angel of Grief, William Wetmore

SYMBOLISM

Fauvism

Was the first important art movement of the 1900s.

The fauves flourished as a group only from about 1903-1907 but their style greatly influenced many later artists.

Henry Matisse led the movement. The fauves did not attempt to express ethical,

philosophical, or psychological themes. Most of these artist tried to paint pictures of comfort, joy and pleasure.

They used extremely bright colors.

Green stripe, Matisse

FAUVISM

Archives Dada. Raoul Hausmann, Photographie de sa sculpture en bois Holzkopf, 1918 Photographie en noir et

FAUVISM

A building in the city of Buffalo

FAUVISM

Dadaism

Is a protest movement in the arts formed in 1916 by a group of artist and poets in Zurich, Switzerland.

The name “dada”, a French word meaning “hobby horse” was deliberately chosen because it was nonsensical.

The Dadaist reacted to what they believed where outworn traditions in art and the evil they saw in the society.

The best known Dadaist was the French artist Marcel Duchamp.

Pieta ou la revolution la nuit realized in 1923

DADAISM

Bicycle wheel, Marcel Duchamp

DADAISM

Dadaism - Performing Arts

Da vinci Code Noli me Tangere Muro Ami

Futurism

Developed in Italy about the same time cubism appeared in France.

Futurist painters wanted their works to capture the speed and force of modern industrial society.

Their painting glorified the mechanical energy of modern life.

Subject included automobiles, motorcycles, and railroad trains – subjects that express the explosive vitality of a modern city.

The City Rises, Umberto Boccioni

FUTURISM

Netdragon Websoft HQ, China

FUTURISM

FUTURISM

FUTURISM

FUTURISM

FUTURISM – PERFORMING ARTS

Back to the future Time Machine

Surrealism

It was founded in Paris in 1924 by the French poet Andre Breton.

Surrealism uses art as weapon against evil and restrictions that surrealists see in the society. They try to reveal a new and higher reality than that of daily life.

Is an invested word meaning “super realism”. It was influenced by the Freudian psychology which

emphasizes the activities of the sub conscious state of the mind.

Benjamin Mendoza, a bolivian painter is well known in presenting violent and cruel surrealist paintings.

Gennady Privedentsev (Bird’s cocktail)

SURREALISM

African Sonata, Vladimir Kush

SURREALISM

SURREALISM

SURREALISM

SURREALISM – PERFORMING ARTS

Avatar Toy Story Dr. Dolittle

Expressionism

It was introduced in Germany during the first decade of 20th century. It casts its influenced on European artists from 1910 up to the present.

It also seemed to have influenced the playwrights in English and Filipino in the Philippines as can be seen in the work of Amelia Lapena Bonifacio, “Sepang Loca” (1958).

The exponents of expressionism believed in the necessity of a spiritual rebirth for man in an age that was fast becoming influenced by materialism.

The Scream, Edvard Munch

EXPRESSIONISM

The Expressionism, Auguste Rodin

EXPRESSIONISM

Sydney Operah House, AustraliaBy: Jorn Utzon

EXPRESSIONISM

GROUP 1

Abalos, NovaAbugao, ChayaArizo, KatherineAviles, DanielaAwa, MariettaBautista, FayeBantog, DaniellaBernardo, MaychellUggas, Mitzi