Mediterranean Civilization
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Transcript of Mediterranean Civilization
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Mediterranean Civilization
Rome: From Monarchy
to Republic to empire
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Mediterranean Civilization
--Founded in the 8th
century at the mouth of the Tiber River.--Founded near a group of hills called the Palatine.--The Latini were an
agricultural and pastoral group
--Rome was founded by the sons of Mars--Romulus and Remus raised by wolves were directed to build Rome in Latium (Seven vultures fly
around seven times near seven hills)
--Romulus kills Remus, Rome bears his name
RomE Fact VS. Fiction
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Mediterranean Civilization
Romulus and Remus
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Mediterranean Civilization
Seven Hills of Rome
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Mediterranean CivilizationThe Story of Romulus and Remus
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wA1D9wd29jI
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Mediterranean CivilizationEarly Settlements in Italy
South—Settled by Greeks, areas include Campagnia, Apulia and Sicily
North—settled by the Gauls (Celtic origins). They occupied the Po River Valley. They were taken over by the Etruscans.
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Mediterranean CivilizationRoyal Period (753-510 B.C.)
Seven Kings of RomeRomulus
Numa PompiliusTullus HostiliusAncus MarciusTarquin PriscusServius Tullius
Tarquin the Proud
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Mediterranean CivilizationThe Roman Republic (509—133 B.C.)
Tarquin the Proud loses power in 509 B.C. He isoverthrown by Junius Brutus. As a result a republicis formed officials are elected.
Roman SocietyPatricians—wealthy landowners
Plebieans—farmers, trades people and craftworkers. They made up 90% of thepopulation.
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Mediterranean CivilizationRoman Government
Consuls—two elected Patricians for one year. Responsibilities
--initiated legislation--served as head of the judiciary and
military--served as chief priest to the nation
Limitations--only served for one year--had veto power, could veto the other--had to serve on the Senate after their
term
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Mediterranean CivilizationRoman Government
Magistrates—assisted Consuls
Proconsuls—Consuls whose terms in office wereextended because of military campaigns
Quaestors—two financial officers, determiningproperty values for taxes
Praetor—judicial official
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Mediterranean CivilizationRoman Government
Censor—drew up the roll of citizens and fixedtheir tax status. The job of censor went toformer consuls. They were the least corruptible.They had the power to dismiss Senators.
Senate—Consuls appointed members ofsenate for life terms
Assembly of Tribes—protected the rights of theplebeians and had veto power
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Mediterranean CivilizationStruggle of the Orders
The Patrician class attempting to hold onto power while thePlebeians attempted to achieve social and political equality.
Plebeians Patricians90% 10% --produced the food --wealthy --supplied labor --ran government --supplied soldiers --controlled the economy
The Plebeians withdrew from society in 494 B.C. to theSacred Mount and formed the Tribal Assembly.
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Mediterranean CivilizationTribal Assembly
--Headed by tribunes who were heads of their tribes.
--They could veto any decision by a Roman Official or magistrate.--They had the power to authorize their own legislation, non-binding for Patricians.
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Mediterranean CivilizationA glimpse of teenage life in ancient rome
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juWYhMoDTN0
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Mediterranean CivilizationTribal Assembly
Results450 B.C.—Law of the Twelve Tables445 B.C.—Acquired the right to marry a Patrician367 B.C.—Allowed to be elected to Consul300 B.C.—Allowed to serve at all levels of the
priesthood287 B.C.—Decision and legislation of Plebeian
assembly was binding over all citizens
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Mediterranean Civilization
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Mediterranean CivilizationEmpire Building
Punic WarsRome and Carthage both have influence inthe southern portion of the Mediterranean.Rome’s sphere of influence includessouthern Italy. Carthage’s sphere ofinfluence includes western edge of Sicily,Sardinia western North Africa and southernSpain.
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Mediterranean Civilization
First Punic War (264-241 B.C.)--Messina revolts against Carthage--Roman navy defeats the
Carthaginians--Rome takes control of Sardinia and
Corsica
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Mediterranean CivilizationSecond Punic War (218-202 B.C.)
--Saguntum, Spain asked for an alliance with Rome.
--Hanibal attacks Saguntum and destroys it.--Hannibal crosses the Alps and conquers
northern Italy. He doesn’t have enough supplies and roams the countryside.
--Hannibal returns to Carthage and is defeated by Scipio in 202 B.C.
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Mediterranean CivilizationThird Punic War (149-146 B.C.)--First half of second century, Carthage
regains its power.--Romans demanded Carthaginians move
inland, they refused.--Romans went from town to town
slaughtering the inhabitants selling people into slavery.
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Mediterranean Civilization
Metropolitan Museum of Arthttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/romr/hd_romr.htm