Medieval Church and Christianity...
Transcript of Medieval Church and Christianity...
10/29/14
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The Church and Christianity
Papal Tiara (“Triregnum”)
n The “Papal Monarchy” n The Curia
n Papal Court, Rome n College of Cardinals
n Advisors, legates n Elected pope
n Exercising Authority n Excommunication
n Exclusion from Christian community and sacraments
n Interdict n Pressure tactic n Prohibition of Church
activities
The Church and Christianity
n The Great Schism (1054) n Eastern and Western
Churches had been at odds for centuries
n Papacy “flexed muscles” at Constantinople (1054)
n Legate sent, argued on behalf of papal claims of supremacy
n Patriarch disagreed n Legate excommunicated
patriarch à patriarch excommunicated legate
n East and West no longer in communion
The Church and Christianity
n Church vs. State: The Investiture Conflict n Pope Gregory VII (r. 1073-1085) was skeptical about “lay meddling” in
church affairs n Prohibited “lay investiture” (1075) à rulers’ privileges to appoint bishops,
invest them with authority were threatened n Henry IV of Germany (r. 1056-1106) appointed new Archbishop of Milan
n Investiture is tradition! n Henry and German bishops called on Gregory to resign (1076) n Gregory responded
n Excommunicated Henry n Deprived Henry of office à Christians were released from allegiance to him
n Princes and bishops abandoned Henry n Henry caved in à repented n The victor: Gregory!
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The Church and Christianity
n Church vs. State: John and Innocent n Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216)
n Trained in law n Most powerful pope ever
n Situation: See of Canterbury was vacant (1205)
n King John favored one candidate n Innocent consecrated another
(1207), sent him to England n John refused to admit new
archbishop n End Results
n Innocent laid England under interdict (1208), excommunicated John
n John yielded to Innocent à humiliated
Innocent III
The Church and Christianity
The Church and Christianity
n New Monastic Orders n The Cistercians
n Founded at Cîteaux, France n Goal
n Get back to Rule of St. Benedict
n Lives of simplicity and poverty
n White habits
n Bernard of Clairvaux (ca. 1090-1153)
n Abbot n Papal politics n Writer, teacher n Preached Second Crusade
Bernard of Clairvaux
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The Church and Christianity
n The Franciscans n Founder: Francis of Assisi
(ca. 1182-1226) n Son of cloth merchant n Conversion experience à
attracted to poverty n Heard Gospel commands à
gave up all possessions n No shoes, one robe
n Franciscans (1215) n Traits
n Friars, mendicants n Brown habits (or gray)
n Activities n Preached penance n Served lepers and poor
Francis of Assisi
The Church and Christianity
Robe of Francis of Asissi, Basilica S. Francesco, Assisi
The Church and Christianity
n The Dominicans n Founder: Dominic Guzman
(1170-1221) n Spanish priest, missionary n Disillusioned by Church’s
method of preaching to heretics
n Proposed method based on Gospels
n Dominicans (1216) n Traits
n Friars, mendicants n Black and white habits n Intellectual order
n Activities n Preaching on foot n Teaching
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The Church and Christianity
n Questions?