MEDICINE OPTICAL GLUCOSE SENSOR TARGETS THE HUMAN EYEold.dops.dk/pictures/pdf/ole_2005_11.pdf · 29...

The European magazine for photonics professionals

November 2005 Issue 133

MEDICINE

OPTICAL GLUCOSESENSOR TARGETSTHE HUMAN EYE

Avalanche detectorsspeed up low-lightmeasurements

PRODUCT GUIDE COMPANY PROFILE

JDSU invests inoperations outsideoptical telecoms

Mobile LIDAR helpclean up pollutionproblems in Canada

SENSORS

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NEWS5 Business Thales sells its high-tech optics unit bull Samsung

dominates OLED market bull Alight buys VCSEL ideas

9 Editorial Life after telecoms

10 Analysis SEDs face up to flat-panel giants

TECHNOLOGY11 Applications Start-up offers desktop 3D display bull Nuna wins

solar race in record time bull NIR sensor is a boost to car makers

14 RampD Polymer photovoltaics reach efficiency highs bull Chips give hope to optical buffers

15 Patents Carl Zeiss licenses femtosecond microscopy know-how

FEATURES19 Eye sensor offers instant blood glucose readings

A pain-free optical technique for measuring blood glucose levels could prove to be a big hit with diabetics when it comes to the market Oliver Graydon reports from Photonex 2005

20 LIDAR road trip uncovers pollution secretsMobile LIDAR came under the spotlight at SPIE Europersquos recent Remote Sensing event held in Bruges Belgium James Tyrrell caught up with Environment Canadarsquos Kevin Strawbridge to discover the benefits of taking a high-power laser on the road

23 JDSU pins profitability on diversified businessIn fiscal 2005 nearly half of JDSUrsquos revenue came from activities other than optical telecommunications Jacqueline Hewett finds out about the firmrsquos diversification plans

25 Avalanche design boosts detection of light signalMeasuring low light levels can be a challenge especially at high speeds Tim Stokes explains why avalanche photodiodes are often an attractive solution to the problem

PRODUCTS29 Monochrome camera bull Supercontinnum generator bull LED panel

REGUL ARS37 People38 Calendar

EDITORIALEditor Oliver GraydonTel +44 (0)117 930 1015 olivergraydonioporg

Technology editor Jacqueline HewettTel +44 (0)117 930 1194jacquelinehewettioporg

Reporter James TyrrellTel +44 (0)117 930 1256jamestyrrellioporg

Production editor Alison GardinerTechnical illustrator Alison Tovey

EUROPEROW SALESInternational advertising sales manager Adrian ChanceTel +44 (0)117 930 1193 adrianchanceioporg

Senior sales executive Cadi JonesTel +44 (0) 117 930 1090cadijonesioporg

Sales executive Ami WilsonTel +44 (0) 117 930 1284amiwilsonioporg

US SALES OFFICENorth American advertising sales manager Rob FisherIOP Publishing Inc Suite 929 150 SouthIndependence Mall West Philadelphia PA 19106 USATel +1 215 627 0880 Fax +1 215 627 0879fisherioppubusacom

ADVERTISING PRODUCTIONAdvertising production coordinator Teresa HoneyTel +44 (0)117 930 1040 teresahoneyioporg

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ART DIRECTORAndrew Giaquinto

PUBLISHERGeraldine Pounsford Tel +44 (0)117 930 1022 geraldinepounsfordioporg

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SUBSCRIPTIONSComplimentary copies are sent to qualifyingindividuals (for more details see opticsorgolesubscribe) For readers outside registration requirements pound1117160 ($199 US and Canada)per year Single issue pound10714 ($18 US Canadaand Mexico) CONTACT IOPP Magazines WDIS LtdUnits 12 amp 13 Cranleigh Gardens Industrial EstateSouthall Middlesex UB1 2DB UKTel +44 (0)208 606 7518 Fax +44 (0)208 606 7303E-mail optoamplasereuropeioporg

copy 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd The contents of OLE donot represent the views or policies of the Institute ofPhysics its council or its officers unless so identified This magazine incorporates Opto amp Laser ProductsPrinted by Warners (Midlands) plc The Maltings West Street Bourne Lincolnshire PE10 9PH UK

I ssue 133 November 2005 Contents

Thales waves goodbye to itsphotonics business p5

Are SEDs the answer to theTV of the future p10

Electroluminescent lininglights up handbag p13

JDSU turns to DPSS lasersto drive its business p23



MEDICINE






SENSORS

For the latest news on optics and photonics donrsquot forget to visit opticsorg

Cover (OLE) Eye sensorpromises easy glucose testsfor diabetics p19

Thales sells its high-tech optics unit

NEWSBUSINESS 5 EDITORIAL 9 ANALYSIS 10

5OLE bull November 2005 bull opticsorg

ACQUISITIONS

The French defence giant Thaleshas sold its High Tech Optics(HTO) division to the privateinvestment firm Candover for8220 m in cash HTO consists of13 firms spread around the globethat each specialize in a differentaspect of photonics such as opticalcoatings polymer optics infraredvision systems and laser diodes(see box)

Thales HTO employs around1400 staff and reported an annualrevenue of 8124 m last year ndashmaking it just a small part of theThales group which has 60 000employees and generated a rev-enue of 8103 bn in 2004

ldquoWith this sale Thales hasdivested non-core businessesrdquosaid Jean-Loup Picard of ThalesldquoIt has been our strategic intent torefocus the business on our coreactivities to strengthen our posi-tion as a large systems integratorand equipment and servicesprovider in defence and securityThis divestment will provide fur-ther considerable financialresources for both organic andexternal expansion in such areasrdquo

Candover is a private equityorganization that specializes in

European buyouts ldquoHTO fits Can-doverrsquos investment criteria per-fectly it is a global leader in its fieldit has a niche position in industrywith significant growth potentialand enjoys long and establishedrelationships with its large cus-tomer baserdquo explained Cyril Zivreacutedirector of Candover

Since its formation in 1980 Can-dover has invested in 125 buyoutsworth a total of over 825 bn insectors as diverse as publishing

(Springer) entertainment (GalaBingo) and packaging materials(Innovia Films) The firm typicallyinvests in firms to unlock theirgrowth potential and then 3ndash5years later either sells them on orfloats them on the stock exchange

A spokesman for Candover toldOLE that it would be ldquobusiness asnormalrdquo for Thales HTO cus-tomers but that the unit will bechanging its name in the future toreflect its new ownership

FRANCEThales Angenieux SA Thales Cryogenie SA Thales Laser Diodes SA Thales Laser SA

THE NETHERLANDSThales Cryogenics BV

SINGAPOREThales Electro Optics PTE Ltd

JAPANThales Laser Co Ltd

USThales Optem Inc Thales Polymer Optics Inc

UK Thales Optics LtdThales Optical Coatings Ltd

GERMANYThales Optische Systeme GmbH

HUNGARYThales Hungaria Optikai RendszeredKFT

Member firms ofThales HTO unit

The 2005 Nobel Prize in Physicshas been awarded to three scientistsworking in the field of optics Onehalf of the SEK10 m (8107 m)prize goes to Roy Glauber of Har-vard University in the US ldquofor hiscontribution to the quantum the-ory of optical coherencerdquo

The remaining SEK5 m will besplit by John Hall from the Univer-sity of Colorado in the US andTheodor Haumlnsch of the Ludwig-Maximillians University in Ger-many for their ldquocontributions to thedevelopment of laser-based preci-sion spectroscopy including theoptical frequency comb techniquerdquo

Glauber is credited with estab-lishing the basis of quantum opticsby showing how quantum theoryhas to be formulated to describethe detection of photons

Glauberrsquos work clarified the fun-damental differences betweenthermal light sources such as lightbulbs which have a mixture of fre-quencies and phases and coherentsources of light such as lasers andquantum amplifiers

Hall and Haumlnsch meanwhilehave been recognized for theirwork on using lasers to carry outextremely precise spectroscopicmeasurements using optical fre-

quency combs Frequency combs are generated

by sending femtosecond laserpulses down an optical fibre result-ing in a series of regularly spaceddiscrete emission lines extendingthe optical frequencies into thenear-infrared

These frequency combs havebeen used to probe the fine struc-ture of atoms and the properties ofatomic nuclei as well as to developa number of applications includingextremely accurate atomic clocksand improved GPS technology

Glauber was born in 1925 inNew York US John Hall was born

in 1934 in Denver US whileTheodor Haumlnsch was born in1941 in Heidelberg Germany

Optical scientists land Nobel prizeAWARDS

Optical expertise Thales HTO specializes in making thin-film coatings high-powerlaser diodes a wide range of optical components and IR vision systems

John Hall from the University of Colorado

Thal

es O

ptic

al C

oatin

gs

Larr

y H

arw

ood

Uni

vers

ity o

f Co

lora

do

NEWSSUBSECTION

OLEDS

6 OLE bull November 2005 bull opticsorg

Samsung dominates OLED marketThe Korean electronics giant Sam-sung SDI is leading the emergingmarket for organic light-emittingdiode (OLED) displays according tothe latest figures from the US-basedanalyst DisplaySearch

In its most recent report QuarterlyOLED Shipment and Forecast ReportDisplaySearch revealed that ship-ments of OLEDs in the second quar-ter (Q2) of 2005 grew 82 over thesame period in 2004 to reach142 m units worth $1248 m(t1038m) Samsung led the mar-ket with 30 ($372 m) of salesfollowed by RiTdisplay PioneerUnivision and LGE (see figure)

DisplaySearch says that the risein shipments was largely due to anexplosion in the demand (1300growth) for passive matrix OLED(PMOLED) displays for portable

music (mp3) players The companybelieves that OLEDs have now cap-tured about 40 of the marketand around 6 m units were shippedduring Q2 2005 The reason forthe dramatic transition from LCDsto OLEDs in portable equipment is

due to the fact that OLEDs con-sume less power which extendsbattery life Other important appli-cations responsible for drivingsales of OLED displays were mobilephones and car audio systems

ldquoAll of the growth is in PMOLEDs

using small molecule materialrdquosaid DisplaySearch in its reportldquoPLED [polymer light-emittingdiode] material panel producersnow represent less than 3 of thetotal shipmentsrdquo

This is good news for Kodakwhich pioneered small moleculeOLED technology and has nowlicensed it to more than 12 firmsbut it must be worrying for com-panies such as CDT of the UKwhich are developing rival polymerorganic light-emitting material

Last month Philips decided toexit the PLED market after sayingthat its PolyLED business had notbecome financially viable withinan acceptable period of time OTBDisplays of the Netherlands pur-chased the business for an undis-closed sum of cash

Thousands of solar-powered bus-stops that light up automatically atdusk are set to transform the experi-ence of waiting for a bus at night in Englandrsquos capital The pound79 m(t115 m) Transport for Londonproject which is set to run over fiveyears combines the latest whiteLED technology with photovoltaics

Each bus-stop features a canopycovered with photovoltaic cellsthat collect energy from the sunPower gathered during the day-time is stored in batteries and usedto illuminate the timetable displaysignage and passenger waiting

area during the nightldquoWersquove got a unit that can sit on

top of an ordinary British bus-stopand provide light all year roundrdquosaid Ivan Bennett research anddevelopment manager Transportfor London ldquoItrsquos an environmen-tally friendly improvement that isrelatively cheap to build costs noextra to run and will make a bigdifference to passengersrdquo

The bus-stop features solar tech-nology supplied by Canadian firmCarmanah Technologies and isassembled in the UK by TrueformEngineering It is said to work in

even the worst weatherCarmanah has been involved

with the London project from thebeginning delivering its first pro-totypes in the fall of 2001 Thecompanyrsquos technology has beenrolled-out in several cities includ-ing Seattle in the US VancouverCanada and Edinburgh Scotland

Solar-powered bus-stops appearto be big business with Carmanahannouncing record revenues forthe second quarter of 2005 of$65 m (t54 m) ndash an increase of87 on the same period last yearEach solar stop retails for t3000

40

0

10

Samsung SDI RiTdisplay Pioneer Univision LGE

35

30

25

20

15

5

reve

nue

(US$

m)

A breakdown of the sales of OLED displays by manufacturer for Q2 2005

Dis

play

Sear

ch

Solar bus-stops to illuminate LondonLEDS

Thousands of these solar-powered whiteLED bus-stops will be deployed inLondon following similar installationsin Seattle Vancouver and Edinburgh

Carm

anah

Ca

nada

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In 2004 Spectra-Physics including Oriel InstrumentsRichardson Gratings Corion Filters Opticon Mirrorsand Hilger Crystals was acquired by Newport

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Alight buys VCSEL ideas

NEWSBUSINESS

ACQUISITIONS


L E N S T E S T I N G S Y S T E M SMTF - EFL - Distortion - Field Curvature

wwwimage-sciencecouk

Alight Technologies of Denmarkhas acquired Infineon Technolo-giesrsquo activities in 1300 nm VCSELsfor an undisclosed sum The dealincludes manufacturing equip-ment intellectual property rightsand wafers for making devices

Infineonrsquos VCSEL technology isbased on the GaInNAs materialsystem ldquoThis platform fits very wellwith the work that we dordquo DirkJessen Alightrsquos vice-president ofbusiness development told OLEldquoWe are targeting high-power sin-gle-mode VCSELs at 1310 nm Thecombination of a qualified materialplatform and our add-on technol-ogy creates a unique opportunityfor Alightrdquo

Alight a spin-out from the Tech-nical University of Denmark ispioneering the use of photonicbandgap (PBG) structures that aresaid to enable high-power single-mode VCSELs ldquoWhat we are hop-

ing to do is lift the material plat-form to another [output power]level by applying our PBG technol-ogyrdquo said Jessen ldquoThe final prod-uct that comes out will be based onthe Infineon platform and use ourPBG technologyrdquo

According to Jessen Alightrsquos

long-term target is to developdevices emitting 2 mW of outputpower at an operating temperatureover 85 degC

He adds that Alightrsquos targetapplications have not changednow that it has acquired Infi-neonrsquos technology

ldquoOur target applications remaintelecoms and telecoms accessapplicationsrdquo said Jessen ldquoWe arealso targeting high bit-rate data-com marketsrdquo

As part of the deal Alight willacquire a molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) machine that it plans toplace at a foundry to turn out itsdevices in high volumes

ldquoOur business model is to do theprototyping here in Denmarkrdquoexplained Jessen ldquoWe will worktogether with a volume manufac-turer for volume supplies and willplace the MBE machine at afoundry at a later stagerdquo

Alight Technologies etches tiny holes intothe top surface of the VCSEL Thisphotonic bandgap structure is said toincrease the VCSELrsquos output power whilstmaintaining singlemode operation

FI N A N C I A L R E S U LT S

Quantel of France has posted arevenue of 8159 m ($191 m) forthe six months ended 30 June 2005This compares with a revenue of8167 m for the same period in2004 although this result includedan exceptional gain of 811 mthanks to a financial reimbursementThe company is optimistic about theremainder of 2005 and says it isworking on new products andexpanding its US market presence

DI S P L AYS

Plastic Logic of the UK a developerof plastic electronics is to jointlydevelop flexible active-matrixdisplays for mobile devices withJapanese mobile telecoms giantNTT DoCoMo

OR D E R S

LINOS has received a 812 m($145 m) contract to supplyoptical systems for use in securitytechnology Orders at the Germanfirm have now risen considerablyover two successive quarters andare likely to amount to 867 m bythe end of Q3 2005

IM AG I N G

Jenoptik Laser Optik Systeme ofGermany has acquired a 51 stakein Sinar to become majorityshareholder The move strengthensJenoptikrsquos successful co-operationwith the Swiss camera systemsmanufacturer

IN BRIEF

Cree US has reported a recordquarterly revenue of $10386 m(88629 m) for its first quarter offiscal 2006 This figure representsa 5 increase sequentially and an8 increase over the year-agoperiod Net income for the firstquarter was $2172 m comparedwith $2443 m for the same quar-

ter last yearThe company says that sales of

high-brightness LEDs made up68 of the total revenue for thequarter followed by mid-bright-ness at 28 and standard bright-ness at 4 LED shipment volumeshave also risen 10 comparedwith the previous quarter and are

up 42 on a year-on-year basisldquoOur strategy to win share in

white LED mobile phone backlightapplications has been gainingmomentumrdquo said Creersquos chair-man Chuck Swoboda ldquoWe havealso made excellent progress onour conversion to 3-inch wafersduring the quarterrdquo

Cree hopes to post a revenue ofup to $109 m for its next quarter

Cree quarterly revenue tops $100 mFINANCIAL RESULTS

Alig

ht

Life after telecoms

NEWSEDITORIAL

OLE bull November 2005 bull opticsorg

Those who feared that the photonics industrywould be fatally wounded by the telecoms crasha few years back are being proved wrong Thismonthrsquos issue is full of examples of how firmshave successfully taken promising optical tech-nology and applied it to other sectors

A good example is Lein AppliedDiagnostics a UK start-up founded by twoformer telecoms veterans to apply photonicsto the world of medicine (see p19) Leinrsquosnifty idea is to create an optical sensor thatmeasures the blood glucose level of diabeticsvia the eye The result could be a quick andpain-free alternative to the blood samplingtechniques used today

Although the project is in its early stagesand Lein has many years of clinical trialsahead its bench-based prototype has yieldedpromising results The firm now plans toexploit the assembly techniques andcomponent technology developed during thetelecoms boom to shrink the sensor to the sizeof a mobile phone and make it cost-effectivefor the consumer market

And itrsquos not just start-ups that have beensuccessful in shifting their business plansaway from telecoms JDSU the well-knownsupplier of optical components and sub-assemblies to network equipment vendorshas also been busy diversifying its productportfolio (see p23) The firmrsquos coating andpigment business is now flourishing and overthe past 12 months JDSU has acquired severalfirms outside the telecoms arena (namelyLightwave Electronics and Photonic PowerSystems) to help expand into new businessareas As a result about 40 of its fiscal2005 revenue was unrelated to telecoms

Lightwave has given JDSU a new strengthin UV diode-pumped solid-state lasers forapplications in semiconductor waferprocessing and biomedicine Both thesemarkets are forecast to grow at a compoundannual growth rate of 20 over the nextfew years

On a final note the recent flotation of thefibre laser specialist Southampton Photonics(SPI OLE October p6) which had its originsin the telecoms field and is now focusing onmaterials processing is also welcome news Itdemonstrates that investors are now willingto back photonics firms once again followingthe painful experience that many had withtelecoms start-ups

Oliver Graydon editorE-mail olivergraydonioporg

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ldquoInvestorsare nowwilling tobackphotonicsfirms onceagain rdquoOliver Graydon

NEWSANALYSIS


SEDs face up to flat-panel giantsDISPLAYS

When it comes to flat-panel displaytechnology surface-conductionelectron-emitter displays (SEDs)probably arenrsquot the first to spring tomind Today this honour is morelikely to go to LCDs or plasma dis-plays (PDPs) But the pioneers ofSEDs consumer electronics giantsCanon and Toshiba are confidentthat their technology has got whatit takes to become the televisionscreen of the future

Whatrsquos more both firms arebacking up their claims withsignificant investment In October2004 Canon and Toshiba formed ajoint venture called SED Inc andplan to have a range of commercialproducts on the market next year Itlooks as though the venture is on-track as prototype 50-inch SEDshave already been seen at tradeshows and are expected to hit themarket in the second half of 2006

Inherent advantagesThe principles behind SEDs are thesame as those for cathode-ray tube(CRT) displays Both rely on amechanism that accelerates elec-trons towards a phosphor-coatedelectrofluorescent layer to light upthe pixels of the display WhileCRTs use an electron gun and a setof deflectors an SED replaces thiswith a thin electron-emitting layerconsisting of a glass substrate anelectrode and a thin palladiumoxide (PdO) particle film

This allows SED screens to havea thickness of between 1 and 2inches while preserving the image-quality of a CRT At a trade show inApril 2005 Toshiba displayed anSED with a contrast of up to100 0001 Even if future com-mercial products cannot offer thislevel of contrast the eventual con-trast is still likely to be much betterthan what LCD and PDP or evenCRT screens are able to achieve

In addition this set-up means

that no significant technologicalhurdles exist for producing largerSEDs in the future Manufacturerssimply need to make more electronemitters to match the number ofpixels of the screen and use largerglass substrates

Another bonus is that SED tech-nology converts electricity to lightmore efficiently than other types ofdisplays Canon says that SEDs con-sume two-thirds as much power asplasma displays of the same sizeand surpass LCD and CRTs in termsof power efficiency

An LCD also requires a back-light so the cost of manufacturingthe panel is high Costs are also anissue when it comes to producingPDPs which require a high drivevoltage and periphery circuits thatneed large-capacity capacitors Incontrast SEDs require only 10 Vdrive voltage and do not require abacklight so their productioncosts are better than both compet-ing technologies

Lured by these inherent advan-tages Canon started researching

SED technology as early as 1986It joined forces with Toshiba in1999 to develop the technologyfurther a partnership that culmi-nated in SED Inc

Production scheduleBoth firms have ploughed signifi-cant funding into RampD and manu-facturing facilities Toshiba plansto invest $17 bn (8142 bn) toretrofit its Himeji Japan plant forSED volume production The com-pany expects the plant to comeonline in early 2007 with an out-put capacity of 15 000 units permonth rising to 75 000 per monthby the end of 2007

Meanwhile Canon started pilotproduction of 50-inch SEDs in itsHiratsuka Japan plant in August2005 and is currently turning out3000 units per month It alsoplans to invest $180 m to estab-lish an RampD centre housing 150staff near its Hiratsuka facility todevelop SED technology andmanufacturing techniques

Canon and Toshiba forecast that

SED production will reach 3 million40- and 50-inch panels by 2010generating a revenue of $18 bnThis calculation assumes a price ofaround $600 but even if this isincreased by 250 to $1500 forretail it still compares favourably tothe $2000 price tag market analystDisplaySearch has forecast for 40-inch LCDs or PDPs in 2010

Cautious optimismHowever there are many industryobservers who are are cautiousabout the outlook for SED TV Con-ventional wisdom says that drivingproduction yield and reducing costthrough just a couple of supplierswill be hard and that Canon andToshiba might not be able to makethe manufacturing cost-effectivebefore 2010

Another factor to consider is thatthe LCD and PDP manufacturersmay well lower their prices fasterthan the current forecasts Chinesemanufacturersrsquo entry into this mar-ket only strengthen that likelihood

Despite this Canon and Toshibaare optimistic that they will be ableto keep prices down by optimizingtheir in-house manufacturing tech-nology development and adopting avertical business-deployment modelinstead of the horizontal business-development model shared by LCDand PDP manufacturers

If Canon and Toshiba can deliveron these promises by 2010 thenthe SED could become a householdname and a product that many ofus have in our living rooms

50-inch displays that combine the image quality of a CRT with the thickness of an LCD could be on themarket as early as next year Robert Thomas charts the rise of SED technology

Robert Thomas is principal at SRIConsulting Business Intelligence abusiness and technology research

consultancy spin-offfrom the formerStanford ResearchInstitute See wwwsric-bicom or e-mailrthomassric-bicom

Consumer electronics giants Canon and Toshiba are ploughing vast amounts ofmoney into their SED technology with the aim of having 50-inch screens on themarket by the second half of 2006 Prototype devices such as the one shownabove have now been seen at several trade shows and exhibitions

Cano

n

Start-up offers desktop 3D display

TECHNOLOGYAPPLICATIONS 11 RampD 14 PATENTS 15


DISPLAYS

By Jacqueline HewettIris-3d a spin-out from the Univer-sity of Strathclyde UK has devel-oped a glasses-free 3D visualizationsystem that it hopes will take the oiland gas exploration medical imag-ing and life science modelling mar-kets by storm

Based around a projectionscheme the companyrsquos systemoffers an impressive list of featuresincluding a stereoscopic resolutionof 1600 times 1200 pixels (UXGA)Having already sold one of itsproducts to Shell Iris-3d is movingfrom strength to strength and iscurrently completing its firstround of private-equity funding

The company was founded inDecember 2003 by Stuart McKaywho is now its CEO ldquoOur technol-ogy is a personal workstation thatusers can work on for up to eighthours a dayrdquo he told OLE ldquoTo dothis requires a high-resolutionhigh-fidelity image and no cross-talk [between images destined forthe right and left eyes]rdquo

Companies such as Sharp andPhilips have already releasedautostereoscopic systems that donot require special glasses How-

ever these products rely on a par-allax barrier or a lenticular screento generate the 3D image whereasIris-3d uses dual image projectortechnology According to McKayIrisrsquos solution benefits from at leasttwice the resolution of other prod-ucts and eliminates cross-talk

Iris-3drsquos projection design isbased around two conventionalLCD panels ldquoOur system has one

projector that feeds images exclu-sively into your right eye and a sec-ond that feeds images exclusivelyinto your left eyerdquo explainedMcKay ldquoWe use a set of combiningoptics to ensure that there is nocross-talk The other novelty is thatwe are using a concave mirror asthe final viewing screenrdquo

However as with all autostereo-scopic systems there is an optimal

viewing position McKay says hisproduct has about plusmn100 mm of in-and-out movement and plusmn30 mmof lateral movement The exit pupilis 130 mm in diameter

ldquoWe have designed the system tobe ergonomic so you can adjustwhere the exit pupil is positionedrdquosaid McKay ldquoYou get in our systemand tune it to your settings Thereis a motorized system to positionthe exit pupil on your face whichallows you to get into a comfort-able positionrdquo

The oil and gas industriesalready use 3D visualization tech-nology but in the form of immer-sive virtual-reality rooms McKaybelieves his companyrsquos technologyoffers a convenient desktop alter-native and the product is now beingtrialled at several oil and gas firms

The company is also hoping itstechnology will find uses in themedical imaging and drug discov-ery markets ldquoSlices taken by anMRI scanner can be processed andviewed in 3D for both diagnosisand surgical planningrdquo concludedMcKay ldquo3D visualization can alsoshow you how a drug moleculeinteracts with a proteinrdquo

Iris-3d says its 3D visualization technology can be used in the oil and gas industry forreservoir monitoring and planning the route an oil well takes through the sea-bed

Laser-etching promotes egg safetyMARKING

Eggs that are laser-etched with anexpiry date and a code that tracesthe egg back to where it was pack-aged are now available in the USDeveloped by US firm EggFusionthe laser system etches a perma-nent easy-to-read and tamper-proof mark on the eggshell whichallows consumers to see when theegg should be used by

EggFusion uses a pulsed sealedcarbon-dioxide laser to etch theeggshells According to Roger Tyethe companyrsquos VP of marketingand communications the laserremoves between 5 and 8 of theeggshell and the structuralintegrity of the shell is maintained

ldquoThe laser does not heat the egg sowe are not cooking the inside in theprocessrdquo he added

The etching kit is integrated intothe existing machinery at a pack-ing facility ldquoOur equipment isplaced right before the packingstagerdquo explained Tye ldquoThe etch-ing happens as the egg is movingso it doesnrsquot slow the packingprocess down at allrdquo

In addition to the physical lasersystem EggFusion also offers con-sumers the opportunity to type thetraceability code into a database onits website The code lists informa-tion such as where the egg waspacked

ldquoThis technology is bringingadded confidence to consumersbecause they can now tell exactlyhow fresh their egg isrdquo Tye toldOLE ldquoWe are trying to promotefreshness and etching the eggswith a permanent mark has a lot ofvalue for the consumerrdquo

EggFusionrsquos technology hasnow been adopted by fellow USfirm Born Free Eggs which isheaded by David Radlo ldquoEveryBorn Free egg speaks for itself withfreshness dating traceability cod-ing and identification which guar-antees customers the finest eggsafety protocol on the markettodayrdquo said Radlo

Founded in 2001 EggFusion istrying to promote its idea to otheregg producers ldquoWe are activelypursuing further placementsrdquosaid Tye ldquoWe really see this as awin-win because consumers getadded benefits and the producercan feel better about their eggsrdquo

Born Free Eggs believes it is the first USfirm to use lasers to etch permanentand tamper-free codes onto an eggshell

Iris

-3d

Bor

n Fr

ee E

ggs

Nuna wins solar race in record time

TECHNOLOGYAPPLICATIONS

SOLAR POWER

The Nuon Solar Team and its carNuna 3 has won the 2005 WorldSolar Challenge in a record-break-ing time The team covered the3021 km course from Darwin inthe north of Australia to Adelaidein the south in a time of29 h 11 min and posted an averagespeed of 10275 kph

This is the third consecutive winfor the Dutch team which posted arecord time of 30 h 54 min when itwon the last World Solar Challengein 2003 As well as posting itsrecord-breaking time this year theNuon team is the first to record anaverage speed of over 100 kph forthe event

Nuna 3 is covered with approxi-mately 9 m2 of triple junction gal-lium arsenide solar cellsPurchased from Emcore the cells

are said to have an efficiency of26 As well as using these high-efficiency solar cells the Nuonteam says it has made a significantnumber of improvements to thecurrent car compared with its pre-decessors

ldquoChanges include new aerody-namics lower weight (189kg) bet-ter batteries better solar cells better

strategy and telemetry system newsuspension nitrogen filled tyres ndashactually everything about the Nuna3 has improved compared with theNuna 2rdquo Jorrit Lousberg NuonSolar team leader told OLE ldquoTheonly thing that has lasted from theprevious two cars is the motorrdquo

The 2005 challenge got underway in Darwin on Sunday 25 Sep-

tember Apart from compulsorystops at seven checkpoints eachteam travelled as far as it couldeach day but had to stop to makecamp by 500 pm each eveningNuna 3 crossed the finishing lineon Wednesday 28 September

Next across the line was the Aus-tralian car Aurora in a time of32 h 35 min with an average speedof 92 kph The third placed car wasMomentum from the University ofMichigan US closely followed byJapanrsquos Sky Ace Tiga and TaiwanUniversityrsquos Formosun

The Nuon Solar team consists of11 students from the Delft Univer-sity of Technology in the Nether-lands This yearrsquos event attracted23 cars from 10 countries includ-ing first-time entries from Belgiumand Iran

After a hard day on the road each team must make camp by 500 pm ndash a goodopportunity for them to recharge the carrsquos solar cells in the late evening sun

Dav

id H

anco

ck

SkyS

cans

Epson has unveiled a prototypeminiature projector using an LEDlight source with dimensions ofjust 138 times 103 cm and weighing500 g The Japanese electronicsgiant says this is the first time thatan LED has been used in tandemwith its popular 3LCD projectortechnology

A projector based on 3LCD tech-nology typically uses dichroic mir-rors to split white light from astandard projector lamp into redgreen and blue Each of these com-

ponents is then passed through anLCD panel recombined by a prismand then projected onto a screen

ldquoThe prototype uses six LEDstwo each for red green and blue soit can project colour imagesrdquo Alas-tair Bourne of Epson told OLE

As well as allowing a compactdesign the LEDs offer several advan-tages over conventional projectionlamps including rapid turn-on andturn-off and a longer lifetime

The prototype made its debut atthe IFA consumer electronics trade

show which was held in BerlinGermany at the start of Septem-ber ldquoThe device can project real-time images as well as still imagesrdquosaid Bourne ldquoAt the IFA show itwas hooked up to a DVD playerrdquo

According to Bourne the proto-type runs off a standard power sup-ply and comes with a USB interface

Although the company has no

immediate plans to market themini-projector Epson believes thatits prototype demonstrates just howcompact mobile 3LCD projectorscould become ldquoThis projectorwould be most suited for personaluse in a relatively small spacerdquo saidBourne ldquoIt would be most effectivewithin a range of 50ndash150cmrdquo

ldquoProjectors using 3LCD technol-ogy already have advantages interms of bright natural imagesthat are easy on the eyesrdquo saidKoichi Kubota Epsonrsquos generalmanager of projector marketingldquoThis development is yet anotherexample showing the potential ofEpson projectors and Epson projec-tor technologyrdquo

Epson unveils miniatureLED-based projector

PROJECTORS

Epsonrsquos prototype LED-based projector

Epso

n

NIR sensor is a boost to car makers


SENSING


DETECTORS

APDs PbSPbSe SiC (UV) Si (vis)

InGaAs (NIR) MCT Thermopile Pyroelectric

Colour Sensors

wwwlasercomponentscouk

A miniature optical temperaturesensor that can be installed in aspark plug could help car makersdevelop a new generation of low-emission highly fuel-efficientengines say its inventors Thedevice is the result of a collaborationbetween Japanese automotive firmNissan US technology developerPhysical Sciences Incorporated(PSI) and Stanford University US

Operating in real-time the instru-ment measures in-cylinder gas tem-peratures between 300 and 1050Kand will be used by vehicle engi-neers to study engine combustionThe sensor features 10 mW diodelasers emitting at two wavelengthsin the near-infrared and works bymonitoring the absorption strengthof water vapour in the cylinder

ldquoThe absorption strengthdepends on the internal energydistribution within the watervapour molecule which is gov-

erned by the gas temperaturerdquoPSIrsquos Mark Allen told OLE ldquoThisgeneral two-wavelength absorp-tion measurement of temperaturehas been published before butnever at the high pressures associ-ated with the automotive enginerdquo

Stanford University scientistsprovided the high-pressure high-

temperature water vapour spec-troscopy know-how with the opti-cal probersquos design and enginevibration isolation determined byNissan PSIrsquos role in the project wasto develop the unitrsquos ultra-high-speed signal processing that enablesreal-time temperature monitoring

ldquoThe response time of the device

is 130 micros with a temperature reso-lution and accuracy of around20 K depending on the in-cylinderpressurerdquo said Allen ldquoExtensionsto the unitrsquos temperature measure-ment range are being studied nowto cover higher post-combustiontemperaturesrdquo

The sensorrsquos spark-plug com-patible design is said to make itmuch easier to implement com-pared with competing methodsThese include attaching sensorsinside the cylinder wall or estimat-ing the temperature by analyzingcamera images obtained in a spe-cially modified engine

According to Allen the automo-tive engine testing market is wortharound $60 m (850 m) per yearworldwide to instrumentationsuppliers Nissan plans to releasefurther project details early nextyear at an upcoming Society ofAutomotive Engineering event

A new breed of fuel efficient SUVs could appear on the horizon if a real-time opticaltemperature sensor developed by Nissan PSI and Stanford University takes off

Nis

san

Anyone who has wasted time rum-maging around the bottom of abag for house keys on a dark nightwould appreciate Rosanna Kilfed-derrsquos electroluminescent handbagPowered by a thin film solar panelthe bagrsquos electroluminescent lin-ing lights up to reveal its contentswhen unzipped

The lining is deactivated as thezip is closed or after 15 s to con-serve power if the bag is acciden-tally left open Sewn into one side

the handbagrsquos 6 efficient solarpanel charges an internal batteryAs well as powering the lining thebattery can be used to run mobilephones or music players

ldquoI thought this would be a goodway of solving the problem of beingstuck late at night with a deadmobile batteryrdquo said Kilfedder adesign student at Brunel UniversityUK ldquoI was thinking about safetyand had the idea of including aportable chargerrdquo

Kilfedderrsquos Sun Trap designfought off strong competition towin commercial backing fromBrunel Enterprise Centre UKwhich is now providing patentingand marketing expertise

ldquoI plan to work with manufac-turers to produce and sell a rangeof Sun Trap bagsrdquo added KilfedderldquoThe bag currently exists at proto-type stage and I aim to have it onthe market within the yearrdquo

Bags get solar makeoverSOLAR POWER

The handbagrsquos electroluminescent lining material lights up automatically when thebag is unzipped It deactivates after 15 s if the bag is accidentally left open

Rosa

nna

Kilfe

dder

Polymer photovoltaicsreach efficiency highs

TECHNOLOGYRampD

SOLAR CELLS


ISO 9001 Certified 30+ Years Experience

Ultra-Precision Linear Actuators Compact amp High-Force Sub-microm Precision Travel to 50 mm

wwwpiwsdcmolePhysik Instrumente (PI) GB 01582-764334 D 0721-48460

Researchers in the US have found asimple way of increasing the effi-ciency of polymer-based photo-voltaics (PVs) that could makeharnessing solar energy more cost-effective Using a slow-growthprocess the team from Universityof California at Los Angeles (UCLA)has fabricated polymer PVs with aUS National Renewable EnergyLaboratory certified power-conver-sion efficiency of 44 Theresearchers claim that this figure isthe highest published so far forpolymer-based solar cells (NatureMaterials Advanced Online Publi-cation 9 October)

ldquoThe most important step was torealize the effect of film growthrate on device performancerdquoUCLArsquos Yang Yang told OLEldquoOrdering the polymer chainsresults in higher absorption [ofincident light] without increasingthe parasitic series resistance ofthe devicerdquo

Sandwiched between a trans-parent indium tin oxide coatedanode and a deposited aluminiumcathode the PV film consists of aspin-coated blended polymer Yangand his colleagues control the

growth rate of the polymer layerwhich measures 210ndash230 nm inthickness by varying the time thatit takes for the initially wet film tosolidify

The researchers discovered thatslow grown films which takearound 20 min to form underambient conditions provide super-ior charge transport comparedwith polymers processed morerapidly at higher temperaturesAccording to the team slowgrowth allows the polymer to self-organize a process that dramatic-ally boosts device efficiency

Simple and cost-effective to pro-duce polymer-based solar cells arean attractive solution for designerslooking for a renewable energy

source especially for large areaapplications However as Yangpoints out there are still some hur-dles to overcome

ldquoTwo of the biggest challengesthat remain are device lifetime andefficiencyrdquo he explained ldquoTo enterlarge-scale commercialization thedevice efficiency will have to reachup to 15 with a lifetime of15ndash20 yearsrdquo

The team expects to double theefficiency of its devices within ayear and is keen to commercializethe technology Back in the labora-tory the group is now exploring arange of material systems toenhance carrier mobility andincrease absorption in the redregion of the solar spectrum

CO M M U N I CAT I O N

An efficient inputoutput couplersuitable for use in silicon photoniccircuits has been developed by ateam of researchers from the UKand Italy The team claims that acoupling efficiency of 55 and aninsertion loss of lt= 005 dB arepossible (Optics Express 13 7374)

Fabricated on a silicon substratethe so-called dual-grating assisteddirectional coupler features severallayers that guide the light from anoptical fibre into a thin silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide

ldquoA fibre could be butt-coupled toa thick SiON waveguide and thelight coupled to a Si3N4 waveguideusing the first grating and to a thinSOI waveguide via the secondgratingrdquo explained the authorsldquoThe silicon nitride waveguide iscrucial because it enables highlyefficient coupling at both gratingsrdquo

SP E C T RO S C O P Y

A team from the UniversitaumltDuumlsseldorf Germany has usedcavity leak-out spectroscopy(CALOS) to detect carbonylsulphide (OCS) in ambient airHaving achieved a detection limit of7 parts per trillion (ppt) the teamsays that CALOS shows promise forother trace-gas monitoringapplications at the ppt level wherereal-time data acquisition isessential (Optics Letters 30 2314)

JOURNAL WATCH

UCLArsquos polymer solar cell (bottom) and a conventional silicon solar cell (top)

UCL

A

Stanford Research Systems1290-D Reamwood Ave Sunnyvale CA 94089 middot wwwthinkSRScomPhone (408) 744-9040 middot Fax (408) 744-9049 middot infothinkSRScom

SR830 $4345 (Intrsquol list)

Other lock-in amplifiers starting at $2745 (Intrsquol list)

The SR830 is the most widely usedlock-in amplifier in the world Itmeasures signals with greateraccuracy higher stability and betternoise rejection than any other lock-inWith over 100 dB dynamic reserve5 ppm stability and 001 degree phaseresolution the SR830 will handle themost demanding applications It hasconvenient auto-measurementfeatures a wide selection of timeconstants and a built-in source with80 dB spectral purity Best of all itrsquos affordable

bull 0001 Hz to 102 kHz frequency range

bull 256 kHz front-end sampling rate

bull 100 dB dynamic reserve (lt5 ppmdegC stability)

bull Auto-gain -phase and -reserve

bull Harmonic detection (2F 3F nF)

bull Time constants from 10 micros to 30 ks (6 12 18 24 dBoct rolloff)

dee

seethree

z-Snapper

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Enabling fast 3D vision solutions

Get the power of 3D sight

TECHNOLOGYRampDPATENTS


LICENSINGCarl Zeiss licenses femtosecondmicroscopy ideas to LaVisionThe microscopy group of Carl Zeiss has grantedfellow German firm LaVision BioTec licences to useseveral of its patents covering multiphotonmicroscopy The patents relate to the use offemtosecond pulses for multiphoton fluorescenceexcitation in laser scanning microscopy

Carl Zeiss acquired the exclusive global rights tothis method from the US-based CornellFoundation in 2004

APPLICATIONSLIBS system studies the make-upof turbine engine exhaustInventors in the US are trying to patent a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) systemwhich reveals the make-up of the exhaust emittedby car and turbine engines ldquoAs enginecomponents wear the material composition of theengine is eroded and exits in the exhaustrdquo explainthe authors from Systems Planning and AnalysisldquoKnowing the composition determines if theengine requires maintenancerdquo

The LIBS instrument described in internationalpatent application number WO 2005081981uses a high-power laser to generate a plasma inthe exhaust Light emitted from the plasma is thencollected and processed in real-time by acomputer-controlled spectrometer

Citing a specific example the authors say a LIBSsystem for testing a gas turbine exhaust can detectnickel to below 200 parts-per-billion aluminium tobelow 20 parts-per-billion and other trace metals tobetween 10 and 200 parts-per-billion

Spectra-Physics tries to patent UVlaser with a narrow linewidth Spectra-Physics a division of Newport hasapplied to patent a narrow-linewidth ultravioletlaser The system comprises at least one diode-pumped alkali metal vapour gain cell to generatenear-infrared laser light and at least twononlinear crystals

ldquoIn one embodiment the laser uses a rubidiumgas cell and generates radiation at a wavelengthof about 199 nm and at least 200 mW of powerwith a linewidth of less than 10 GHzrdquo say theauthors in application number WO 2005000484

ldquoIn another embodiment narrow linewidth UV lightis generated at 265 nmrdquo

VCSELs have stable polarizationthanks to innovation at FinisarAdding strain and stress elements into a VCSELstructure is an ideal way to stabilize the sourcersquospolarization according to Finisar in patentapplication WO 2005082010 ldquoStress-inducingfeatures may be formed on the top or bottomsurface of a VCSEL on the side of a VCSEL orwithin a VCSEL to produce a break in itssymmetry of stresses to effect a polarizationinfluence on the output of the VCSELrdquo say theauthors A laser beam with stable polarization isdesirable for applications such as opticalcommunication

Mirrorball and lasers combine toscare birds away from landing Dim Arizot Ltd of Israel thinks it has found an easyway to deter birds from landing Featuring a seriesof laser sources and a mirrorball the unit projectslight towards the bird and causes the creature tochange direction (WO 2005067378)

PATENTS

To search for recently published applications visit httpwwwwipointpcten and httpepespacenetcom

The development of all-opticalbuffers that can delay and tem-porarily store light pulses has beengiven a boost with the demonstra-tion of three types of semiconduc-tor device that can perform the task

In two separate papers scien-tists at the COM Research CenterDenmark have shown that twopopular telecom components ndash aquantum-dot semiconductor opti-cal amplifier (SOA) and an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) ndash canboth slow the propagation of lightpulses (Optics Express 13 8032 andOptics Express 13 8136)

At the same time a team fromUniversity of California at Berkeleyand Texas AampM University US hasdemonstrated that when config-ured as an amplifier a vertical-cav-ity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)can also perform the feat (OpticsExpress 13 7899)

All three approaches work bycarefully controlling the electricalbias of the custom-built devicesThe reports are significant becausethey suggest that a practical solu-tion to controlling the timing oflight pulses without having to con-vert them to the electrical domain ison the horizon Such optical bufferchips could have important conse-quences for telecommunication

networks optical computing andoptical phased-array antennae

ldquoThe topic of slowing light downis very hot since it is both of funda-mental interest and there are someexciting possible applicationsrdquo Jes-per Moslashrk head of the nanophoton-ics group at COM told OLEldquoSemiconductors are interestingbecause of the possibility of smalldevices that can be fabricated usingstandard techniques and integratedwith other functional elementsrdquo

Although there have been manydemonstrations of slowing thespeed of light pulses in gases lasercrystals photonic crystal wave-guides and even ordinary opticalfibre all previous schemes haverequired relatively complex andbulky optical control set-upsWhatrsquos more they have all sufferedfrom a limited bandwidth (mega-hertz or less) which makes them

incompatible with the short datapulses found in todayrsquos opticalcommunications systems

In contrast the recent US andDanish experiments rely on smallsemiconductor chips that offer anelectronically controllable delayand are compatible with high datarates (gigahertz and terahertz)

In terms of performance theEAM and VCSEL both operated atthe telecoms wavelength of1550nm and pulse modulation fre-quencies of 167 and 28 GHzrespectively The EAM slowed thelight pulses by a factor of threewhile the VCSEL slowed light by afactor of 1 times 106 to provide a timedelay of up to 100 ps

In comparison COMrsquos SOA suc-cessfully processed 1260 nmpulses with a giant bandwidth of26 THz (170 fs duration) but pro-vided an optical delay of only 68 fs

Chips give hope to optical buffersOPTICAL MEMORY

COMrsquos electro-absorption modulatorconsists of a semiconductor waveguidethat is 100 microm long

L O

xenl

oslashwe

COM

Fit Together

wwwELCANcomcreate

N O R T H A M E R I C A bull P R E C I S I O N O P T I C S A N D E L E C T R O N I C S bull E U R O P E

Turning market-fresh ideas into winning products takes a manufacturing

partner that understands your needs and how to bring the best optical

and electronics technologies together There has to be a comfortable fit

of experience and innovation ELCAN works with customers seeking to

break the barriers of conventional thinking and create new optical prod-

ucts and applications We merge the brightest minds with the best tech-

nologies to harness the power of light for our customers

You have a vision Let us show you the light

A pain-free optical technique for measuring blood glucose levels could prove to be a big hitwith diabetics when it comes to the market Oliver Graydon reports from Photonex 2005

Eye sensor offers instantblood glucose readings

BIOPHOTONICS


Taking blood glucose measurements couldbe as simple as holding a small sensor up to apersonrsquos eye and pressing a button if a UKstart-up is successful Lein Applied Diagnos-tics is developing a hand-held optical sensorthat determines the glucose level of a personwith diabetes via the eyersquos aqueous humour

The attraction of the technique is that itinvolves no drawing of blood takes just 01 sto perform and potentially requires no con-sumables aside from a battery In contrastglucose measurements are currently per-formed by pricking the finger and placing afinger stick with a blood sample into a smallanalyser four or five times a day The problemwith this approach is that is painful incon-venient and can be unhygienic

ldquoThe goal is to have a non-invasive devicethat is quick and easy to userdquo Dan Daly adirector of Lein Applied Diagnostics toldattendees during a Biophotonics seminar atthe Photonex trade show in Coventry UK inOctober ldquoOther people have explored opticaltechniques but they nearly all go through theskin The problem is that the skinrsquos propertiesare very variable due to changes in tempera-ture and sweat for example and this leads toinconsistent measurementsrdquo

Lein measures the glucose level by focus-ing light from a low-power 670 nm sourceinto the eye and analysing the reflected lightldquoThe glucose concentration in the aqueoushumour is about 80 of that of blood andtracks it with a time lag of no more than5ndash10 minrdquo said Daly

To protect the firmrsquos IP Daly wouldnrsquot gointo details concerning the optical design ofhis sensor but explained that it uses a confo-cal arrangement to localize the measure-ment in the anterior chamber of the eye

ldquoIn principle looking into the eye usingtechniques like polarimetry for exampleworks very well but the problem is that theshape of the cornea and lens continuallychange and that confuses the measurementrdquosaid Daly ldquoOur innovation is to use a confocaltechnique to localize the measurement insidethe eye and avoid these problemsrdquo

The firm based near Reading has filed twopatents for its idea and built a lab-based proto-

type device It is working closely with SIRAthe University of Manchester and the Instituteof Photonics at the University of Strathclyde

According to Daly the technique is inher-ently safe as it requires an optical power inthe microwatt level and the measurementtime is only about 01 s He also believes thatit should be compatible with contact lenses

ldquoWersquove tested a couple of dozen peopleand now want to build more advanced pro-totypes and extend the testing to a largersample of subjects The first prototypes usedat the University of Manchester last yearused LEDs but the current model uses a laserdiode which provides a much higher spatialresolutionrdquo said Daly ldquoHowever for the nextgeneration of glucose sensor prototype wewill use an LED again People feel more com-fortable about shining light from an LEDrather than a laser into their eye eventhough itrsquos entirely saferdquo

Lein is also thinking about ways of reduc-

ing the size and manufacturing cost of itssensor The ultimate aim is a small battery-powered device that can be easily carriedaround in a pocket or handbag

Daly is confident that by exploiting tech-nology and assembly techniques from themobile phone data storage and telecomsindustries that this should be possible

ldquoThe optical side of our system is verymuch like a CD read-head ndash we have a sourcea receiver the optics and a scanning systemto control the location of the measurementrdquoexplained Daly ldquoSo what we are looking atmaking is something similar to a mobilephone with a CD read-head inside Itrsquos a verycost-driven market so we need to be able tomake these units very cheaplyrdquo

ldquoMaking Light Work In Healthcarerdquo was abiophotonics technology seminar at Photonex2005 It was organized by the UK PhotonicsCluster and the University of Strathclyde

Left Leinrsquos benchtop opticalglucose sensor prototypeUltimately the firm would liketo shrink the device so that itbecomes a portable unit (seeartistrsquos impression above)

Lein was formed in May 2003 by Dan Daly andGraeme Clark two former telecomsprofessionals previously working forPerkinElmer and Agilent Technologies Whenthe telecoms bubble burst in 2002 Daly andClark were searching for new opportunitieswhere they could apply their photonicsexpertise and decided to explore the medicalarena The idea they finally settled on was a

portable optical glucose sensor for diabeticsbecause of the huge potential customermarket According to the International DiabetesFederation it is currently estimated that nearly200 m people worldwide have diabetes andthis figure is expected to jump to 333 m by2025 This translates into a pound26 bn market forself-administered glucose meters that isgrowing by 10 each year

Origins of Lein Applied Diagnostics

Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics

Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics

Mobile LIDAR came under the spotlight at SPIE Europersquosrecent Remote Sensing event held in Bruges BelgiumJames Tyrrell caught up with Environment Canadarsquos KevinStrawbridge to discover the benefits of taking a high-powerlaser on the road

LIDAR road trip uncovREMOTE SENSING


Vehicle-mounted LIDAR units that can travelcross-country to monitor air quality areproving to be a real asset to environmentagencies worldwide One such resource isEnvironment Canadarsquos Rapid AcquisitionScanning Aerosol LIDAR Dubbed RASCALthe custom apparatus has been busy analys-ing the countryrsquos pollution hot-spots

Featuring an NdYAG laser supplied by USfirm Continuum RASCAL fires 05 J pulses ofinfrared (1064 nm) and green (532 nm)light into the atmosphere at a rate of 20 HzTwo 24-inch mirrors steer the beamthrough the sky targeting particles up to15 km away A telescope equipped with ahighly sensitive detection system based onavalanche photodiodes and photomultipliertubes captures any backscattered light

Time-of-flight algorithms convert the datasequence of backscattered light into a parti-cle map with a resolution of 3 m along thebeam axis

ldquoPrimarily RASCAL is different from other[mobile] scanning systems because we canput more power out and because we have alarge optical path coming back which givesus our high resolutionrdquo said StrawbridgeldquoYou begin to see a lot more informationthan you could ever see from other LIDARsystems that are either pointing straight upor averaging over 1 5 or 10 minsrdquo

With a scan time of just 6 s Strawbridgeand his colleagues are able to make LIDARldquomoviesrdquo that show in striking detail thecomplex dynamics of particles circulating inthe air Being highly sensitive RASCAL caneven measure the low aerosol concentra-tions in the free troposphere (pristine air)

Whatrsquos more extra detail is availablethanks to the LIDARrsquos dual wavelength con-figuration ldquoBeing able to measure both in theinfrared and in the visible allows us to com-pare [our data] with other instrumentationrdquosaid Strawbridge ldquo[However] the real advan-tage from a LIDAR point of view is that youcan ratio the two wavelengths in a space-timegraph to give information about particle sizerdquo

This means that along with pinpointing

the altitude and range of an aerosol layer thesystem can distinguish between differentsized particles discriminating large dust par-ticles from fine smoke haze

ldquoIf you want to come up with a size distrib-ution then you would probably use six orseven wavelengths but that becomesimpractical on a scanning systemrdquoexplained Strawbridge ldquoWe are interested inbeing able to look at gross features and [here]just two wavelengths can be very usefulrdquo

Preserving RASCALrsquos rapid scanningcapability is important as this is one of themobile unitrsquos key strengths Based on a twomirror design with the first mirror fixedand the second free to rotate horizontallyand vertically the assembly provides 180degazimuth operation and elevation scans upto 100deg ldquoYou can more or less see half thesky at any given time with this unitrdquoexplained Strawbridge

RASCAL is able to scan at speeds of up to24degs although typical operation is around02ndash2degs Computer controlled and featuring18-bit digital to analogue conversion thescanning units have a resolution of 11000deg

Highly reproducible and GPS equippedRASCAL can revisit a specific site andrepeat a series of measurements with easeldquoWe have GPS interaction to log where wearerdquo said Strawbridge ldquoSometimes wersquollpoint the beam straight up and drivearound an area for example from an urban[neighbourhood] into a rural zone to lookat the dynamics on a different scalerdquo

MeasurementsRecently the RASCAL team took its meas-urement expertise to Golden BritishColumbia Surrounded by mountains theCanadian town is located in a geologicalbowl and has the second highest concen-tration of airborne pollution in theprovince ldquoWhen we got there I was sur-prised at the lack of windrdquo said Straw-bridge ldquoParticles are transported throughcomplex re-circulation effectsrdquo

The town has four major pollution sources

ndash a plywood processing plant a national raildepot winter wood burning and truck emis-sions The contribution from heavy goodsvehicle fumes is exacerbated in wintermonths due to bad weather

ldquoYou can have anywhere from 500 to 800of these trucks sitting there percolating for upto four days at a time waiting for the roads toopen uprdquo explained Strawbridge ldquoWe werethere to look at source apportionment and [tofind out] how the meteorology fits inrdquo

Supporting the townrsquos existing measure-ment stations and operating alongside amobile chemistry lab RASCALrsquos strongvisual data took little time to make animpact ldquoWe are already seeing new policiesbeing implemented as a result of the LIDARstudyrdquo said Strawbridge ldquoThe town councilhas now banned solid-fuel-burning appli-ances such as wood stoves in new homesbeing built in the areardquo

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 450distance from Lidar (m)

100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

Laboratory on wheels Environment Canadarsquos mobile scanning LIDtook just 60 s to acquire and represent over 5 million data points

Sour

ce

Envi

ronm

ent

Cana

da

The Golden campaign also threw upsome unexpected results such as the pres-ence of Saharan sand ldquoFor us it was a reallysignificant measurement because we hadnever seen Saharan dust come all the wayacross and impact in British Columbiardquosaid Strawbridge

Safety Predictably the use of laser systems in theopen is becoming increasingly regulatedHowever Strawbridge and his colleagueshave more than 15 years of experience inmaintaining a safe operating environmentand the group has strong links with the rele-vant governing authorities

ldquoTransport Canada evaluate the safetyconcerns based on when we are going tooperate how we are going to operate andwhat our safe distances arerdquo explainedStrawbridge ldquoThey will sometimes limit our

direction for example if we are shooting overan airport runway or they might move traf-fic around us through communications withthe local air traffic control centrerdquo

RASCALrsquos array of on-board safety equip-ment includes a TCAS transponder unit thatis widely used by the aircraft industry to pre-vent mid-air collisions ldquoThe advantage of[TCAS] is that it gives you bearings as well asrange so you know where the aircraft is andwhether the aircraft is increasing or decreas-ing in altituderdquo said Strawbridge ldquoWe alsooperate a modified marine radar that looks forhard targets [without TCAS transponders]rdquo

Airborne LIDARWhen it comes to studying particle dynamicson a larger scale Environment Canada isalso able to deploy an airborne unit flying at12 000ndash18 000 ft that maps areas such asvalleys and whole cities in a matter of hours

Squeezed into a Cessna light aircraft theagencyrsquos Small Aircraft LIDAR System forAerosols (SALSA) benefits from the ongoingreduction in size and weight of lasers Straw-bridge and his colleagues were keen todevelop a small footprint LIDAR that wouldfit into small planes

ldquoThis is a huge advantage for us from afunding point of view because we can reducethe flight cost from CAN $6000 (84210) to$300 per flight hour including a pilotrdquo saidStrawbridge ldquoYou can also deploy small air-craft so much faster than large aircraft ndash youcan be airborne in 20 minsrdquo

Reliability is another reason for the groupto adopt the latest laser technology ldquoDiodepumped lasers are a huge improvement interms of maintenancerdquo said StrawbridgeldquoThey now have lifetimes of 3ndash4 yearswhich [also] makes them ideal for a satellitebased platformrdquo


vers pollution secrets

00 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102

Air pollution monitoring in the PBL overParis France using eye-safe lidarsL Sauvage Leosphere SAS France andP Chazette CEALSCE France French scientists have driven their car-mounted apparatus around Paris and Lyonto investigate the dispersion of pollutionDeveloped jointly by the Climate andEnvironmental Sciences Laboratory(CEACNRS France) and LIDAR specialistLeosphere the eyesafe unit dubbedEasyLIDAR was used to follow particlesalong streets subject to heavy traffic flowLidar Technologies Techniques andMeasurements for Atmospheric RemoteSensing 5984-20

Laser remote sensing of forest with useof fluorescence lidarL A Shulgina N L Fateyeva Tomsk StateUniversity Russia and G G MatvienkoInstitute of Atmospheric Optics Russia A Russian team has taken an NdYAG-basedset-up into the forest to study the health ofSiberian trees The group monitored thefluorescence of Birch Pine and Aspenspecies over a period of several months todetermine the impact of exposure to volatileorganic compoundsRemote Sensing for Agriculture Ecosystemsand Hydrology VII 5976-43

More from the SPIE event

DAR facility is helping scientists map the dynamics of airborne pollution High-resolution elevation scans (left) which reveal the complex vertical structure of aerosol layers above the Canadian town of Golden British Columbia

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In fiscal 2005 nearly half of JDSUrsquos revenue came from activities other than opticaltelecommunications Jacqueline Hewett finds out about the firmrsquos diversification plans

JDSU pins profitabilityon diversified business

COMPANY PROFILE


Everyone in the telecoms arena from start-ups to multinationals found themselves inthe same boat when the bubble burst adaptto survive or go under JDSU was no excep-tion Renowned for selling components andsubsystems to optical network vendors thefirm is now equally at home supplying lasersfor biomedical applications specialist coat-ings for displays and anti-counterfeitingtechnology for currency

It hasnrsquot been an easy road for JDSU How-ever now thanks to consolidating manufac-turing facilities phasing out unprofitableproduct lines and acquiring key industryplayers (see box) fiscal 2005 is the first yearsince 2001 that JDSU has reported a rise inannual revenue

Itrsquos clear that times have changed at JDSUAs well as diversifying into a range of newapplications much of the firmrsquos optical com-munications business has been shifted to alow-cost manufacturing base in China Some60 of JDSUrsquos communication products arenow produced outside North America Of aglobal workforce of around 5000 close to2000 staff are employed in Shenzhen China

Enzo Signore JDSUrsquos vice-president ofcorporate marketing says that thesechanges mean that the company canbecome profitable once again ldquoThe majoracquisitions and moves are maderdquo he saidldquoWe believe we have put the company in astrong position to grow organically in ourthree business segmentsrdquo

The three business segments that Signore isreferring to are JDSUrsquos core optical communi-cations segment its newly formed communi-cations test and measurement segment (viathe acquisition of Acterna) and finally what itcalls its consumer and commercial business

To put things in perspective in fiscal2002 73 of JDSUrsquos revenue came from itsoptical communications business Today atthe end of fiscal 2005 this percentage hasdropped to 59

So what has changed ldquoWe have analysedevery single product that we have in the com-pany and determined whether it is worthinvesting in furtherrdquo explained Signore

For example one product line that failed tomake the grade was passive Q-switchedmicrolasers JDSU sold this product line alongwith its Grenoble France facility to TeemPhotonics in August this year allowing it toconcentrate on its solid-state laser portfolio

At the same time JDSU is also looking atnew business areas which has led to thegrowth of its consumer and commercial seg-ment Today the company is focusing itsefforts around three areas commerciallasers FLEX products (optical variable pig-ments that change colour depending onviewing angle) and optics and displays

As for commercial lasers JDSU has forsome time had a line of gas lasers fibrelasers laser diodes and continuous-wavediode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) sourcesThen in March this year it expanded this byacquiring high-power DPSS laser specialistLightwave Electronics

For $65 m (854 m) in cash JDSU gained

Lightwaversquos line of high-power Q-switchedand modelocked DPSS lasers emitting at1064 532 and 355 nm The acquisition alsogives JDSU a route into lucrative markets suchas biotechnology and semiconductor process-ing each of which they believe has a com-pound annual growth rate of around 20

One application JDSU is keen to target isultraviolet (UV) fluorescence flow cytometryusing its newly acquired quasi-continuous-wave 355 nm source from Lightwave Itbelieves solid-state lasers like this source candisplace incumbent technologies such ashelium-cadmium and doubled argon-ion

Another application on JDSUrsquos hit-list issemiconductor processing and in particularsingulation (scribing silicon wafers) drillingvias and memory repair Again Lightwaversquoslasers will be crucial in these applications

ldquoEven though the semiconductor process-ing market is cyclical it is one where we seemore opportunities on a long-term basisrdquosaid Signore ldquoThe initial yield of DRAMmemory is very small some 5ndash10 for exam-ple By using a laser you can correct defectson the wafer and improve the yield to over95 but this can only be done using UVrdquo

New look Standard products now offered by JDSUinclude its Q-series range of high-power DPSSlasers for materials processing and its FLEX colour-change pigments to protect pharmaceuticals andbank notes against counterfeiting

JDSU

JDSU

September 2005 Agility Communications aprovider of tunable lasers for optical networksis acquired for an undisclosed sum Agility has90 employees June 2005 Photonic Power Systems a USexpert in delivering electronic power-over-fibreis acquired for an undisclosed sum PhotonicPower Systems has a staff of eightMay 2005 Acterna a specialist in test andmeasurement products for optical networks isacquired for $450 m in cash and $310 m inJDSU common stock Employing 1770 peopleworldwide Acterna becomes JDSUrsquosCommunications Test and Measurementproduct group March 2005 DPSS laser expert LightwaveElectronics is snapped up for $65 m in cashLightwave employs 120 members of staff

JDSUrsquos acquisitions

Another important area for the new lookJDSU is its colour-change FLEX pigmentsThese pigments change colour with view-ing angle for example from pink to greenand act as a security feature ldquoWe are nowsupplying close to 100 countries with thistechnology for use on bank notesrdquo said Sig-nore ldquoIt is on the euro and tells the con-sumer that the currency is genuine Itrsquos avery secure featurerdquo

JDSU believes another large market for thistechnology is protecting pharmaceutical

brands against anti-counterfeiting by apply-ing the pigments to the labels on medicationbottles The same approach can also beapplied to consumables such as ink car-tridges to prove they are genuine

ldquoMany pharmaceutical companies arenow moving away from holograms [on bot-tles of medication] and are turning to colourshifting technologiesrdquo explained SignoreldquoToday 26 brands mostly in North Amer-ica are using this technology to fight anti-counterfeiting You are going to see this

become more of a standard in pharmaceuti-cals and consumablesrdquo

The final part of JDSUrsquos commercial andconsumer segment is optics and displayswhere the company supplies a range ofcoated optics and filters to a variety of endusers Applications range from solar cellcover glass for use on spacecraft and satellitesto electro-optic modulators for the NationalIgnition Facility

A recent addition to this part of JDSUrsquosbusiness is Photonic Power which itacquired in June 2005 ldquoPhotonic Power isunique in that there is only one vendor in theworldrdquo said Signore ldquoBringing electricalpower over optical fibre is a small revenue forJDSU right now but the potential appli-cations are very broadrdquo

Photonic Powerrsquos technology generateselectricity by illuminating a photovoltaic con-verter with light transmitted over an opticalfibre The company says that its converterscan generate hundreds of milliwatts of elec-trical power when illuminated with around1 W of laser light This offers an attractivealternative to batteries fuel cells and bulkycopper cabling in harsh environments suchas locations that are vulnerable to fire or elec-tromagnetic interference

Itrsquos not just JDSUrsquos product lines that havebeen influenced by the reshaping andrealigning According to Signore the geogra-phy of its customers will also change

ldquoHistorically we have been very much aNorth American company with 60 plus ofrevenue coming from this regionrdquo he saidldquoWe now have about 55 from North Amer-ica and 30 coming from Europe You canexpect to see a lot more of JDSU in Europe inareas like commercial lasers We plan toexpand our sales presence and open up dis-tribution channels in Europerdquo

On the back of the acquisition of Light-wave it is also clear that JDSU is in a betterposition to take on traditionally strongEuropean markets such as materials pro-cessing ldquoItrsquos a typical European marketand one that has opportunities so it is anarea we are consideringrdquo said SignoreldquoWe were at the LASER 2005 show inMunich and that was one of our first activ-ities to reconnect with the European mar-ket We also plan to be a lot more visible atPhotonics West 2006rdquo

With all the major moves made itremains to be seen whether JDSU can blendall the pieces together and turn a profit Itposted a net loss of $2613 m for fiscal2005 but with a substantial number ofnew revenue streams gradually kicking inJDSUrsquos quarterly financial results will cer-tainly make interesting reading through-out 2006

COMPANY PROFILE


OpticalInstrumentation

Laser PowerampEnergy Meters

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Photometry ampColorimetry


Laser Diode PowerSupplies

For CW amp QCW Lasers

Wavelength ampSpectral Analysis

Wavefront Analysis

BFi OPTiLAS European Offices Belgium infobebfioptilascomDenmark infodkbfioptilascom - France infofrbfioptilascom

Germany infodebfioptilascom - Italy infoitbfioptilascomSpain infoesbfioptilascom - The Netherlands infonlbfioptilascom

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om

Measuring low light levels can be a challenge especially at high speeds Tim Stokesexplains why avalanche photodiodes are often an attractive solution to the problem

Avalanche design boostsdetection of light signals

PRODUCT GUIDE


Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs) are semi-conductor detectors of light that exploit abuilt-in gain region to achieve an optical sen-sitivity beyond that of conventional PIN-photodiodes The result is a very sensitivelight sensor that is capable of high-speedoperation and ideal for applications such asoptical communications scientific appar-atus and industrial inspection

Although a wide range of optical detectorssuch as conventional photodiodes photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) and pyroelectricdetectors are available on the market APDsare the preferred choice if light levels are lim-ited (microwatts or nanowatts) and a fastresponse (up to gigahertz) is required

Internal amplificationAn APDrsquos internal gain is generated by anelectron multiplication process which givesthe device its avalanche title As in the case ofconventional photodiodes incident photonsstriking the detector create electronndashholepairs (charge carriers) in the devicersquos deple-tion layer (see figure 1 p26)

However with an APD a large externalvoltage (typically from 100 to 300 V) isapplied to create a strong electric field acrossthe device This field causes these light-gen-erated carriers to move towards the N and Psections of a semiconductor PndashN junction ata speed of up to 100 kms

En route these carriers collide with atomsin the crystal lattice and if the electric field isstrong enough (around 105 Vcm) then thecarriers gain enough kinetic energy to ionizethe atoms creating more electronndashhole pairsThe effect repeats itself like an avalancheresulting in a gain in the number of carriersgenerated for a single incident photon

APD gain is typically in the range fromtimes10 to times300 for most commercial devicesbut there are APDs available from specialistmanufacturers with gains of thousands

Most commonly available APDs are fabri-cated from silicon and employ a so-calledldquoreach throughrdquo structure where light isincident from the N-side of the silicon Thesedevices are sensitive to light in the visible andnear-infrared (450ndash1000 nm wavelength

range) By designing devices where light isincident from the P-side the sensitivity to UVand blue light can be enhanced and oper-ation can stretch down to wavelengths asshort as 200 nm

Wavelength responseAs with regular photodiodes the longestwavelength that can be detected is deter-mined by the bandgap of the detector mater-ial ndash the smaller the bandgap energy thelonger the detectable wavelength Silicon hasa bandgap energy of 112 eV at room tem-perature which translates to a cut-off wave-length of around 1100 nm

As the layer within the APD structure thatgives rise to the ldquogainrdquo is thinner than a reg-

ular PIN photodiode the wavelength ofpeak response for silicon APDs tends to bebetween 600 and 800 nm somewhatshorter than the 900ndash1000 nm for a regu-lar silicon photodiode

Deep depletion silicon APDs which arehighly sensitive in the 900 to 1100 nm wave-band range are available but these generallyhave the disadvantage of requiring a muchhigher bias voltage which leads to more noise(larger dark current)

To detect longer wavelengths an alterna-tive semiconductor material with a smallerbandgap is required and germanium (Ge) orindium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) are twopopular options APDs fabricated from thesematerials operate in the 900ndash1700 nm

Fast and sensitive APDs are able to retain their high sensitivity at high-speed operation which makes themideal for demanding applications such as optical communications and range finding

Ham

amat

su

APD characteristics at a glanceAdvantages of APDs Compared to photodiodes theinternal gain mechanism meansa higher signal output isobtained Compared to PMTs APDs havea higher quantum efficiency (QE)and operate at a much lower biasvoltage This means that they canbe more compact They are alsoand more robust to exposure tohigh light levels and immune toexternal magnetic fields

Drawbacks of APDs Compared to photodiodes the excess noise factormeans that lower SNR is obtained in most lowbandwidth systems and a much higher operatingvoltage is required In addition the internal gain isdependant on bias voltage and temperature so astable operating environment is required Compared to PMTs the internal gains are verymuch lower (typically times100 compared totimes1 million) and noise levels are generally higherMost APDs tend to have a smaller active diameterthan PMTs which places greater demands on thelight gathering optics

wavelength range and tend to have lowergains (times10)

A wide selection of silicon APDs can befound on the market today Sizes range fromlt100 microm to several centimetres in diameterwith a variety of packages including TOmetal cans ceramic chip carriers and morerecently surface-mounted devices In con-trast the range of commercial Ge andInGaAs APDs is much smaller since they areused predominantly for specific applicationssuch as optical communications

NoiseAll semiconductor detectors suffer fromnoise This manifests itself as an unwantedvariation in the electrical current (electrons)that is measuredDark current One such source of noise isldquodark currentrdquo which is current that thedetector produces even in the absence of alight signal due to thermal generation ofelectronndashhole pairs In practice this darkcurrent determines the minimum amount oflight that can be detected

In an APD dark current is generated bothfrom leakage at the surface of the diode andfrom electronndashholes which are thermallygenerated and then multiplied in the gainregion Consequently increasing the gain ofthe APD by increasing the external bias alsoincreases this dark currentExcess noise The APD multiplication processalso produces additional noise known asldquoexcess noiserdquo which is due to the statisticalnature of the ionization in the avalancheregion Each ionization event has a certainprobability of occurring and the overall gainfrom the device is the statistical average of allof these individual events

The consequence of this is twofold As theAPD gain increases the output signalincreases linearly but the noise increases asshown in figure 2 This means that for anyAPD there is an optimum operating gainwhere the maximum signal to noise perfor-mance can be obtained This point is usuallywell below the actual maximum gain for thatAPD Manufacturers usually optimize theset-up of the APD at the factory prior to sup-plying the customer with a complete modulethat is ready to use

PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise

maximium signalto noise ratio

1 10 100 1000optimum operating gain

Fig 1 A schematic of the principle of operation ofan APD Incident photons generate charge carriersin the depletion region These charges are thenaccelerated to high speeds by an applied electricfield and ionize atoms within the avalanche region

Fig 2 A graph of the signal and noise output fromthe APD versus the devicersquos gain factor An optimumoperating point exists where the detectorrsquos signal-to-noise ratio is maximized

Even though an APD gives an amplifiedoutput its signal-to-noise performance(SNR) is not necessarily better than that ofconventional photodiodes as APDs sufferfrom more shot noise (random fluctuationsin the current flow) This is a consequenceof the excess noise factor which does notappear when regular photodiodes are usedIn practical systems the SNR tends to beimproved in higher bandwidth applicationsby use of an APD over a conventionalphotodiode whereas in lower speed appli-cations use a low noise photodiode with ahigh performance op-amp generally givessuperior SNR

Response speedIn order for a regular photodiode to detectlower light levels the gain in its operating cir-cuit is usually increased by using a largerfeedback resistor Unfortunately this has theconsequence of reducing the speed ofresponse and increasing the thermal noiseassociated with the operating circuit

In contrast an APD allows the gain to beincreased while maintaining the speed ofresponse For example a 05 mm diametersilicon APD will operate at close to 1 Ghzwhile a 30 microm InGaAs APD can work up to10 Gbits This performance advantage isthe main reason why APDs are popular inapplications such as optical data transmis-sion rangefinding high-speed industrialinspection and medical and scientificinstrumentation

Single photon countingProvided that the noise of the APD is lowenough it is also possible to operate an APDin ldquoGeiger moderdquo to perform single photoncounting In this case the APD has to beoperated at a few volts above its breakdownvoltage which is typically around 150 to300 V In order to operate in this regimeextremely stable operating conditions arerequired which necessitates a carefully con-trolled temperature and a special power sup-ply If this is not the case the noise of thedetector will simply ldquorun awayrdquo

Such photon counting APDs are startingto challenge more established photomulti-plier tube (PMT) technology due to thehigher quantum efficiencies of the semicon-ductor device However we should add anote of caution here as such highly stablehighly sensitive APD systems are often moreexpensive than a comparable PMT

Whatrsquos more such low noise APDs aregenerally only hundreds of micrometres (orsmaller) in diameter and thus more light canbe lost in the optical collection system than

may be gained from the higher quantum effi-ciency of the detector itself For the majorityof applications the larger detection areahigher gain and superior SNR of the PMTwill still make it the detector of choice for thiskind of application

Tim Stokes is general sales manager ofHamamatsu Photonics UK Ltd a provider ofoptoelectronic equipment based in Welwyn GardenCity Hertfordshire UK For more informationvisit wwwhamamatsucom

PRODUCT GUIDE


ldquoAn APD allowsthe gain to beincreased whilemaintaining itsspeed ofresponserdquo

Evaluate the importance of DEWfor future forces and understandhow your organisation needs toshape up to meet the newchallenges

Analyse national requirementsand initiatives to fully comprehendthe capabilities sought byindividual nations

Examine high-profileprogrammes such as ActiveDenial System to help youunderstand how the technologycan be successfully manipulated toproduce a viable system

Understand the effects of bothHigh Power Microwaves andHigh Energy Lasers on militaryand civilian equipment Thenassess the effectiveness ofmethods to counter the effects ofattack

Preparing the battlefield for speed-of-light weaponry

Directed Energy Weapons 2006Directed Energy Weapons 2006

Ted Barna NuclearBiological and ChemicalAssistant Undersecretary ofDefense AdvancedConcepts US DoD

Susan Levine DeputyDirector Joint Non-LethalWeapons Directorate USMarine Corps

Wing Commander NickHay SO1 Future Combat AirCapability EC Deep TargetAttack UK MoD

William Radasky DirectorMetatech Corporation

Dr David Giri Protech

Dr John Swegle LawrenceLivermore NationalLaboratory

Odd Harry Arnesen HPMProgramme Manager FFINorwegian DefenseResearch Agency

Michael Kjaer CEOCrystal Fibre

Mark Neice DeputyDirector High Energy LaserndashJoint Technology Office US DoD

Book before 25th November amp receive up to pound250 offConference amp Master Classes

Two day conference 23rd amp 24th January 2006The Thistle Marble Arch London

To book call +44(0)20 7368 9300 or bookonline at wwwdefenceiqcom2542a

Microscope adaptorMelles Griot

Melles Griot hasintroduced a newmicroscope-bodycamera adaptorAccording to Melles the07 ACM 001 adaptor

allows any CCD camera with a C-mount to bemounted onto any Melles Griot microscope bodyfor remote or heads-up viewing

The two-piece adaptor threads directly into themicroscope body and allows the camera to rotatefor image alignment This adaptor is the latestaddition to the firmrsquos wide range of microscopecomponents such as objective lenses eyepiecespositioning stages and reticleswwwmellesgriotcom

Imaging spherePro-Lite Technology

UK-based Pro-LiteTechnology hasreleased the ProMetricImaging Sphere fromRadiant ImagingOriginally developed byPhilips and licensed to

Radiant the sphere is said to offer a high-speedinexpensive and low-cost means of measuringangular light intensity and CIE colour

The sphere also includes an imagingphotometer with a diffuse hemisphericalcollector An LED placed centrally in thehemisphere illuminates its interior surfacewhich is painted with a low-reflectance diffusecoating A convex mirror placed to one side ofthe light source images the inside of the domeThe photometer then views the mirror andcaptures the full hemispherical illumination fromthe LED in one measurementwwwpro-liteukcom

Design softwareOptical Research Associates

Optical ResearchAssociates (ORA) saysversion 96 of its CODE V optical designsoftware has improvedmodelling tolerancing

and optimization capabilities For example thelatest version now calculates the scalardiffraction efficiency of a diffractive surface

According to ORA CODE V 96 makes it easierto model complex optical systems as thesoftware now includes a simplified way ofdefining offset tilted surfaces user-programmedsurfaces and diffractive-phase profileswwwopticalrescom

Imaging spectrographSPECIM

Finnish firm SPECIM hasadded the ImSpectorFast10 to its line ofimaging spectrographsAccording to the firm

this product allows spectral imaging at up to1500 frames per second and is said to be idealfor high-speed industrial applications

Operating over the 400ndash1000 nm range theImSpector Fast10 gives short cameraintegration times while providing a spectralresolution of 10ndash15 nm SPECIM adds that thespectrum covers a partial image frame meaningthat it can be acquired at very high speeds evenwith low-cost CCD and CMOS cameraswwwspecimfi

Monochrome cameraJenoptikThe cooled 14-bit ProgRes MFcool monochromecamera from Jenoptik has a resolution of14 Mpixel and is said to suit applications such asfluorescence imaging The camera acquiresimages at 45 frames per second in severalbinning modes and also features analogue gain

and switchable thermo-electric coolingThe product comes with image-capture

software called ProgRes Capture Basic Thelatest version includes a fluorescence modewhich guides the user through a predeterminedcapture routine and allows fluorescence imagesfrom up to five single shots to be combined Thecamera is also available with a colour sensor wwwjenoptik-loscom

Volume phase gratingKaiser Optical SystemsUltraSpec HT-940 high-dispersion volume phasegratings are now available from Kaiser OpticalSystems Based on the firmrsquos proprietary high-throughput process the gratings are said to havean insertion loss of 035 dB and a dispersion of940 lines per mm Kaiser adds that the gratinghas a broad spectral bandwidth and apolarization dependent loss of less than 01 dB

According to Kaiser the gratings are notaffected by mechanical shock or humidity andcan be wiped clean if they get dirty UltraSpecHT-940 gratings are available in custom-madeform factors from a few millimetres to fourinches in lengthwwwkosicom

PRODUCTSIf you would like your companyrsquos products to be featured in this section

please send press releases and images to James Tyrrell (jamestyrrellioporg)


Nanopositioning equipmentNewport

The NanoPZ line ofnanopositioning toolsfrom Newport includesthe PZA12 compactlinear actuator thePZC200 controller and

the PZC-SB switchbox Based on a piezo micro-stepping motor Newport says the PZA12actuator provides 12 mm of travel with 30 nmmotion sensitivity at speeds up to 02 mmsand loads to 50 N

The actuator has both manual and computer-control capabilities and with a small footprintis said to be a direct replacement for existingactuators The PZC switchbox provides controlfor up to eight PZA12 actuators using a singlecontroller via a hand-held interface or through aRS232 portwwwnewportcom

Acousto-optic modulatorsGooch amp Housego

Gooch amp Housego ofthe UK has expandedits range of acousto-optic modulators Oneaddition is the M110-1x-GHx which the

company describes as an all-purpose and cost-effective modulator for a range of low-power gasand diode lasers

The device is available in two versions VIS forthe wavelength range 450ndash650 nm and NIR for650ndash850 nm Both versions have a choice of 1or 2 mm active apertures Gooch amp Housegooffers a range of modulators with frequenciesranging from 40 to 350 MHz transmission inexcess of 99 and rise times as fast as 5 nswwwgoochandhousegocom

Red diode lasernLight

High-power diode laserarrays emitting at 665680 and 690 nm arenow available fromnLight of the USReliable and easy to

integrate the arrays are said to be ideal forapplications ranging from solid-state laserpumping to materials processing and medicaldiagnostics

The arrays mount on the companyrsquosconduction-cooled CS package or micro-channelwater-cooled Cascades platform Up to 10 W ofcontinuous-wave (CW) light is offered with the CSpackage and up to 15 W CW with the Cascadespackage The company quotes thermalresistances of 08 degCW and 035 degCW for theCS and Cascades packages respectivelywwwnLightnet

PRODUCTS

The fastest scanners on the markethellipjust got fasterSome might say wersquore obsessed with speed Perhaps that explainshow we can consistently deliver the industryrsquos fastest and mostaccurate galvanometers and servo drivers Like our new H line of62xx galvos ndash pushing the technology envelope with betterperformance and speeds that are 25 faster than whatrsquos availablein todayrsquos market

Wersquore also introducing two new servo-driver boards A dual-axisanalog servo that provides a 50 board space reduction andhigher speed at lower cost and a self-tuning digital servo driverthat delivers speeds faster than analog servo technology

New 6215H GalvanometerHighest frequency galvo in the marketIdeal for high-speed raster scan applications

62xxH Series Galvanometers25 torque increase for higher speedsCompatible with 62xx standard product line

DC900 State-SpaceDigital Servo DriverSelf-tuning ndash no adjustment potsUp to twice as fast as analog servos

MicroMax 673xxDual-Axis Analog Servo DriverHalf the size of 2 single-axis servosThe most attractive combination ofsize speed and cost

Talk is cheap Our prices are not bad eitherWhile the rest of the industry talks about performance wedeliver it So go ahead put us to the test Wersquore making iteven easier by increasing performance without increasing prices

Speed Freaks

11

109 Smith Place Cambridge MA 02138 USATel (617) 441-0600 bull Fax (617) 497-8800

wwwcambridgetechnologycom


Diode laser modulesLaserline

Laserline of Germanysays that its LDM diodelaser modules aredesigned for laserwelding of plasticsModules are offered with

powers up to 800 W and a choice of focal lengthsand geometries along with additional optionssuch as a safety shutter and a guide laser

The 19 inch system also includes tap-waterconnectors for external cooling and a120ndash240 V power supply It is available withLANEthernet and RS232485 interfaces andcan be controlled by software programs such asLabView Laserline quotes lifetimes in the rangeof 20 000ndash30 000 h and says its LDM diodesystem is a credible alternative to YAG lasers forplastic weldingwwwlaserlinede

650 nm laser diodeOsram Opto Semiconductors

Osram OptoSemiconductors hasadded a redsemiconductor laser toits product portfolioThe 650 nm laser withan output power of500 mW and a stripe

width of 100 microm is targeted at medicalapplications such as photodynamic cancertherapy and ophthalmology

Based on indium gallium aluminiumphosphide Osram says the SPL CG65 has alifetime of 4000 h at an ambient temperature of20 degC Cooling is provided by a small copperheat sink wwwosram-oscom

MOPASacher Lasertechnik

Sacher Lasertechnikhas introduced a low-linewidth masteroscillator poweramplifier (MOPA) laser

system With specifications including a linewidthbelow 500 kHz and a mode-hop free tuningrange up to 100 GHz Sacher says applicationsof its MOPA include high-resolutionspectroscopy optical cooling and trapping andBose-Einstein condensate research

Other features include a LittmanMetcalfmaster laser and a side-mode suppression ratioof gt45 dB Optical power is rated at up to1500 mW and the MOPA is available in thewavelength range 730ndash1080 nm The systemcan be controlled via GPIB USB and RS232interfaceswwwsacher-lasercom

Supercontinuum generatorCrystal Fibre

The FemtoWhite800from Crystal Fibregenerates asupercontinuum whenpumped withfemtosecond pulses

from an 800 nm laser Said by the Danish firmto remove the hassle of handling and cleavingoptical fibres the unit provides polarized outputspanning an octave

The product uses a dispersion-engineeredpolarization-maintaining nonlinear photoniccrystal fibre which is contained in a 1 inchdiameter aluminium housing Maintenance freethe FemtoWhite800 offers zero dispersion at750 nm and also features sealed and cleanableend facets allowing for beam expansionwwwcrystal-fibrecom

515 nm disk laserElektronik Laser SystemThe MonoDisk-515-MP diode-pumped solid-state laser from German firm Elektronik LaserSystem (ELS) offers 50 W of continuous-waveoutput at 515 nm and an M2 lt11 The companysays the beam can be focused to spot sizes afew micrometres in diameter

Based on thin-disk technology the laser

operates on single-phase (100ndash240 VAC)electricity supply and uses a recirculating chillerELS believes the source will open up newapplication fields in materials processing suchas processing non-ferrous metals and displayswwwelsde

Beam profilerCoherent

The LaserCam HR fromCoherent is a compacthigh-resolution beamprofiler which uses aUSB 20 interfaceremoving the need for aframe-grabber Theprofiler contains a1280 times 1024 pixelsensor that cancharacterize both

continuous-wave and pulsed beams withdiameters between 026 and 600 mm andwavelengths in the range 300ndash1100 nm

Coherent says that the data-acquisition rate isup to 27 Hz which enables real-time monitoringThe LaserCam HR also comes with CoherentrsquosBeamView software that gives users access to arange of profile viewing options analysisfunctions and data importexport formatswwwcoherentcom

PRODUCTS


IR microscope objective lensJanos Technology

Janos Technology hasreleased 1times 25times and4times microscopeobjectives for use in themid-infrared (between 3

and 5 microm) To allow easy camera integrationthe ASIO series of lenses feature bayonet-typemounts A dual field of view lens with motorizedcontrol to switch between fields and adjustfocus is also available All electronics arehoused with the lensrsquo optical assembly and abase plate accessory provides a common mountbetween the lens and camera wwwjanostechcom

Optical design softwareRSoftDesigners of photonic crystal fibres (PCFs)VSCEL cavities and silicon photonic devices maybe interested in RSoftrsquos transverse and cavitymode solver package Dubbed FemSIM thesoftware uses finite element methods to tacklehigh index contrast lossy and highly hybridstructures such as polarization rotators air orsolid core PCFs laser and photonic bandgapcavities silicon photonic devices and structureswith small feature sizes The solver operatesusing either Cartesian or cylindrical coordinatesystems and integrates into RSoftrsquos CADenvironment Once calculated mode data canbe used in the firmrsquos propagation analysispackages such as BeamPROP and FullWAVEwwwrsoftdesigncom

Beam delivery systemJPSA

J P Sercel andAssociates (JPSA) haslaunched a beamdelivery system forultraviolet excimerlasers The Microtech

MBD2 is an industrial-grade set-up designed fora continuous production environment and suitsshort-wavelength beams at 157 193 and248 nm It accommodates the companyrsquos large-format turning mirror and beam splittermodules which feature a 50 times 50 mm clearaperture and is compatible with other beamdelivery components such as variableattenuators and dual camera systems All opticsand modules are integrated via a universaldovetail mounting systemwwwjpsalasercom

Optical design softwareOptiwave SystemsOptiwave Systems says that OptiSystem 41 thelatest version of its optical design softwaresimplifies simulation of the transientcharacteristics of optical amplifiers and lasers

Enhancements in OptiSystem 41 include adynamic model of a double-clad Er-Yb co-dopedfibre and models of doped fibre nonlinearitiessuch as four-wave mixing self-phasemodulation cross-phase modulation andstimulated Raman scattering A new stimulatedBrillouin scattering numerical engine is said tobe a strong addition to bi-directional fibremodels including Yb and Er-Yb co-doped fibreswwwoptiwavecom

Optical inspection toolMoritex

The Borescope fromMoritex Europe is saidto suit the inspection ofcavities and hollowspaces in structures

such as turbine blades and engines Imagequality is maintained thanks to a combination ofthe firmrsquos proprietary rod lenses and colouraberration balancing technology Supplied witha long-life battery handle the unit comes with aside-view adapter and features adjustable lightintensity A range of optional accessoriesincluding light guides lighting systems and C-mount adapters for CCD cameras is alsoavailable from the firmwwwmoritexcom

High-density backlightStockerYale

StockerYale haslaunched its COBRAlinescan backlightAvailable in standardwavelengths from 395to 740 nm the unit

incorporates the companyrsquos patented chip-on-board reflective array (COBRA) technology Highpacking density is said by the firm to result inintense and uniform backlighting Applicationsinclude the inspection of foil paper non-wovens metal and currencywwwstockeryalecom

High-power SMA connectorFiberguide Industries

US-based FiberguideIndustries has releasedan SMA connector thatsuits the delivery ofhigh-power laser lightDubbed HP-SMA theunit features a heat sinkto conduct thermalenergy away from the

fibre To manage very high power levels anoptional high-conductivity copper ferrule isavailable to provide greater heat dissipation Theconnector is supplied in standard core diametersranging from 200 to 1500 microm with numericalapertures of 012 022 026 and 039 Smaller

PRODUCTS

Due to past acquisitions Thorlabs has become anexpert manufacturer for test and measurementsystems The analysis and control of polarization

related parame-ters is a fieldwhere Thorlabsnow offers arange of inno-vative tools forindustry and labenvironmentsThe consistentmodular designof these tools

contributes to the flexibility and easy adaptation intocustomer applications

Flexible Polarization AnalysisExtremely fast or high dynamic power range ndashThorlabsrsquo provides two different polarimeters with anexcellent accuracy for diverse applications of SOPand more complex measurements like PMD Jones-and Mueller matrix analysis The fast fiber basedIPM5300 inline polarimeter (1500 to 1640nm) andthe rotating waveplate PAX5700 series terminatingpolarimeter (400 to 1700nm) with a higher dynamicrange are both designed for a common mainframe

Fast Polarization Controller Thorlabsrsquo Deterministic Polarisation ControllerDPC5500 (1500 to 1640nm) controls the State of Polarization (SOP) truly input independent atsampling speeds up to 1MHz Plugged into the same mainframe with one of the polarimeters and a powerful tunable laser all kinds of polarizationrelated analysis tasks can be performed

New PMD Analysis System Thorlabs new PMD5000 system is an exampleBesides the choice of the most appropriatepolarimeter the system can be split into separatecontroller and analyser units to analyse buried fibers A single controller communicates with manyanalyser units via TCPIP over long distances andthus allows cost effective PMD measurements ofmore complex network structureswwwthorlabscompol

Polarization Tools from Thorlabs


ADVERTISEMENT

diameter fibres incorporate a pure fused silicasleeve at the tip to support the fibre without theaddition of energy-absorbing materials Theconnector can also be supplied with plastic cladsilica and hard optical polymer clad fibreswwwfiberguidecom

Pulsed laser diodeLaser Components

Nanostack pulsed laserdiodes (PLDs) emittingup to 220 W at 905 nmare now available fromLaser Components in a

variety of packages including TO-18 and 56 mmcans Emitters have a total laser aperture of200 times 250 microm and a large optical cavitystructure ensures a narrow far-field beamAccording to the firm the unitrsquos relatively narrowaperture benefits fibre coupling as more power isavailable from a smaller active area comparedwith conventional PLD stacks The devicersquos metalpackage is said by the company to allow a higherthermal load so that the diode can be overdrivenwwwlasercomponentscom

IR cameraCedip Infrared Systems

Cedip has introducedthe SILVER 450Minfrared (IR) camera forthermal imaging acrossthe 36ndash50 microm

waveband The unit features a 320 times 240 pixelInSb-type focal plane array sensor that deliversimages at a programmable 1ndash400 Hz framerate Integration time is variable from 10 to5000 micros and smart triggering permits imagesynchronization The unitrsquos CAMLINK and USB20 interfaces allow transmission of commandsand 14-bit dynamic range digital video ALabview driver interface is available forcontrolling the camerarsquos features acquiring andprocessing imageswwwcedip-infraredcom

Fibre design and simulation packageLiekki

Liekki a Finnishmanufacturer of opticalfibres is offering alaboratory package forbuilding fibre lasers and

amplifiers at 1060 and 1550 nm as well asamplified spontaneous emission sources Thepackage includes different types and lengths ofhighly doped erbium and ytterbium fibres alongwith licenses to run the firmrsquos simulationsoftware ndash Liekki Application DesignerAccording to the company the Leikki UniversityProgram is a cost-effective product package foruniversity research and educational purposeswwwliekkicom

High-speed cameraSpecialised Imaging

Specialised Imaginghas extended its rangeof high-speed imagingproducts Two versionsof the SIR ballistic

range camera are available a high gain1536 times 1024 pixel system for low-lightapplications and a high-resolution 2048 times 2048pixel model for exceptional image qualityExposure times of 20 ns allow the camera tocapture fast projectiles as single or up to 16independently controlled superimposed imagesBoth units feature keypad and LCD screencontrol and include a 65 inch TFT monitor wwwspecialised-imagingcom

Long-range Z-axis nanopositionerMad City Labs

Mad City Labs hasreleased a Z-axisnanopositioner with a500 microm range Drivenby a piezo actuator the

Nano-Z500 has true flexure guided motion andcontains internal sensors that give a closed looppositioning resolution of better than 3 nm Theunit suits biomedical research and can beadjusted to help compensate for multiwell plateirregularities when performing confocal imagingand high-throughput single-cell fluorescencemicroscopy A 15 micros step response means thatresearchers can acquire sample data rapidly withminimal photo bleaching and multi-frame imagesof kinetic data can be recorded in fractions of asecond Compatible with the firmrsquos Nano-Drivecontroller positioning commands may beanalogue (0ndash10 V) or digital An optional USBdigital interface is offered in standard 16-bit orhigh-resolution 20-bit versionswwwmadcitylabscom

Low-light level cameraFirstsight Vision

UK distributor FirstsightVision is offering high-resolution low-light-level cameras from

Danish manufacturer CST The range includeshigh-sensitivity CCD models and ultra-high-sensitivity intensified-CCD designs suitable forday and night vision in the visible and nearinfrared spectrum up to 1000 nm Cameras areavailable in colour and monochrome versionswith air-cooled sensors or image intensifiersAccording to the firm the cameras are able tomaintain resolution and colour fidelity evenunder low-light conditions Packaged in ruggedhousings the units are said to withstandextreme environments such as desert airborneand off-shore installationswwwfirstsightvisioncouk

PRODUCTS

Need top-class wallndashplug efficiency low noise and

compact sizeCobolt Bluestrade

473 nm 50 mW

Cobolt Sambatrade 532 nm 150 mW

Cobolt Jivetrade561 nm 25 mW

Cobolt Dual Calypsotrade Dual line 491+532 nm 20+20 mW

Laser Solutions

from Cobolt

Tel +46 8 545 91 230Fax +46 8545 91 231wwwcoboltse

Cobolt ABKraumlftriket 8SE-104 05 StockholmSweden

Single line up to 50 mW 491 nm DPSSL Excellent beam quality and low noiseDimensions 41 x 28 x 15Multiwavelength Cobolt PPKTP inside

Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW

Looking for the idealAr-ion laser

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Single longitudinal mode DPSSL Excellent beam quality M2lt12 Low noise lt3 pk-pk lt03 rmsDimensions 95x60x40 mmCobolt PPKTP insideOEM amp stand-alone lab versions

See us at Photonics WestSan Jose California24-26 January 2006

Booth 5114OLE bull November 2005 bull opticsorg

Thermal cameraBFi OPTiLAS

The Thermal-Eye X200xpthermal imaging camerais now available fromBFi OPTiLAS Designedfor use in military

applications BFi claims that the camera candetect human activity at distances of up to 450 mand can cope with challenging conditions such asdust smoke and complete darkness

The camera acquires images at 30 fps andalso includes on-board processing capabilitiesto improve the image clarity and sharpnessWith a small footprint BFi adds that the X200xpcan be carried in a pocket wwwbfioptilascouk

VUV spectrophotometerMcPherson

McPherson says that itsvacuum ultravioletspectrophotometer(VUVaS) system is thefirst vacuum-compatible

system to collect sample and reference spectrasimultaneously The VUVaS system is said toprovide easy access to the deep and vacuumultraviolet region (120ndash380 nm) within a purgedor vacuum environment and is ideal for materialor coating characterization

The product can measure and maptransmission and reflectance of samples aslarge as 350 mm across although smallersample chambers are available for non-mappingapplications According to McPherson the unitrsquossuperior all-reflective beam collimation helpsdeliver consistent spot size to the sample with aprecision of 01 regardless of themeasurement modewwwmcphersoninccom

DPSS laserOxxius

Oxxius of France hasadded a 532 nm sourceto its SLIM range ofminiature diode-pumped solid-statelasers About the size of

a matchbox the SLIM-532 delivers up to150 mW in a single longitudinal mode

The firm says the low-noise high-powerstability source is ideal for use in portableinstruments as well as applications such asspectroscopy interferometry and biophotonicsThe SLIM-532 is based on an alignment-freemonolithic resonator that uses a monolithiccrystal design Already supplying a 473 nmdevice Oxxius plans to offer additionalwavelengths and increased power levels in thenear future wwwoxxiuscom

PRODUCTS

Europe Paul Houmlszlig KGPO Box 950240 81518 Muumlnchen GermanyPhone +49 (0)89 652029Fax +49 (0)89 654817E-mail europestanfordcomputeropticscom

E-mail infostanfordcomputeropticscom

httpwwwstanfordcomputeropticscom

USA Stanford Computer Optics Inc780 Cragmont Avenue Berkeley CA 94708 USAPhone +1 (510) 527-3516Fax +1 (510) 558-9582

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Multiple exposuresup to 33 MHz burst

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Davin Optronics is a world classOptronics solution provider We designand manufacture high precisionoptical mechanical and electronicsystems to meet demandingrequirements and critical timescales

Our unique capability allows us to cover an entireproject from initial design concept throughprototype development to production and fulllife cycle support

Our world class design engineers have all thenecessary skills in optics mechanicselectronics and software

Our modern 30000 ft2 production plant hasall the facilities needed to manufacture ontime to strict ISO 9000 quality standards

Whatever your requirements Davin Optronicshas the solution

the optronicssolutions provider

Davin Optronics LimitedGreycaine Road

Watford middot WD24 7GW middot UKt +44 (0) 1923 206800f +44 (0) 1923 234220

wwwdavinoptronicscomsalesdavinoptronicscom

If you only needcomponents then the

Davin Catalogue is theplace to look

Large format lensesEdmund Optics

Large format lensesspecifically designed foruse with line-scan andarea-scan cameras arenow available fromEdmund Optics The

firm can supply two lens options at nominalvalues of 14times and 07times with performanceguaranteed over a specified range ofmagnifications

Edmund says that its imaging lenses arecompatible with leading-edge 12 k cameras andhave a spatial resolution of up to 100 linepairsmm Able to accommodate 5 microm pixelsizes and sensors up to 90 mm the low-distortion lenses are said to be ideal for high-resolution line scan applications such as flat-panel display inspectionwwwedmundopticscom

LED panelLumitex

US firm Lumitex hascome up with a range ofwhite LED fibre-opticbacklights that aremore than twice as

bright as previous generations of its RGB UniGlopanels Offering brightness as high as 75 Foot-Lamberts the latest versions require no invertergenerate no heat or electromagneticinterference and benefit from the long lifetimesassociated with LED technology Powerconsumption is typically 36 V 20ndash30 mA withan operating temperature range of ndash40 to85 degC Thanks to their thin profile (033 mm)and flexibility UniGlo panels can be placedbetween an elastomeric keypad or overlay and amembrane switch Pricing starts atapproximately $025ndash070 per sq inch in OEMquantities depending on size configuration andthe quantity of LEDs usedwwwlumitexcom

DPSS laserPowerlase

UK-based Powerlasehas released higher-power versions of itsdiode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) platformemitting at 1064 nm

Featuring pulse repetition ranges of 3ndash50 kHzand pulse durations of 30 ns upwards the unitsdeliver 600 or 800 W output Systems can beupgraded beyond 1 kW upon request Accordingto the firm the high-power lasers suitapplications such as ablative lithography forpatterning flat panel displays electronicspackaging and PCB productionwwwpowerlasecom

Machine vision cameraCOHU

Cohu has launched acompact CMOS-basedcamera designed andmanufactured in the USthat is equipped withFireWire output

Measuring 29 times 44 times 733 mm and weighingless than 110 g the 7200 Series features a05 inch monochrome sensor that operates in anon-interlaced VGA format (640 times 480)

The camera can be operated in a ldquofree runrdquostate or triggered via an external sync signalDelivering full resolution at 50 fps the easy tointegrate unit is said to suit machine visionassembly lines The camera has an operatingtemperature range of ndash5 to 60 degCwwwcohu-camerascom

Diode-pumped laser moduleNorthrop Grumman

Northrop Grumman hasexpanded its RB plusfamily of diode-pumpedlaser modules toinclude high-power 75

and 100 W continuous-wave versions Modulesincorporate an NdYAG or NdYLF laser rod thatis efficiently pumped by a radial array of long-lifetime laser diode bars and are said to giveexcellent gain uniformity and lensingperformance

According to the firm the units are completelymaintenance free A simple recirculating waterchiller uses filtered water to cool the moduleeliminating the need for troublesome de-ionizedwater systemswwwnorthropgrummancom

CCD image sensorDalsa

Dalsa has released itslatest TrueFrame CCDimage sensor theFT50M According toDalsa the devicecombines 1 Mpixelresolution

(1024 times 1024 pixels) exceptional image qualityand up to 100 fps in a small cost-effective 12

inch standard optical format that matches theimaging performance of a traditional 23 inchsensor Housed in a 70 times 140 mm chip thesensor offers a high linear dynamic range (morethan 11 bits at room temperature withoutcooling)

The package is designed to meet therequirements of medical and industrialapplications such as X-ray imaging digitalmicroscopy and inspection A second outputcan be used for mirrored and split readoutwwwdalsacom

PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS

Light Vision Color byArne Valberg 474ppSbk pound35 (851) WileyISBN 0470849037Beginning with adescription of the eyeand the physiology ofthe retina the book goeson to explore

photometry contrast sensitivity and therelationship between light colour andcolorimetry The text is said to be an invaluableresource for students taking courses in opticsbiophysics and cognitive science along withresearchers and engineers working in the field

Physics ofOptoelectronics byMichael A Parker798pp Hbk $12995(8108) CRC PressISBN 0824753852Examining thefundamental nature oflight emitted by devicessuch as lasers and

LEDs this book offers a self-containedoverview of linear algebra and quantum

mechanics for optoelectronics and quantumoptics It includes an analysis of quantizedelectromagnetic fields and a description ofquantum noise in terms of Poisson and sub-Poisson statistics Time-dependentperturbation theory and Fermirsquos golden rule areinvoked to explain matterndashlight interaction Thetext concludes with a detailed discussion ofsemiconductor emitters and detectors

Principles ofLithography secondedition by Harry JLevinson 448pp Hbk$84 (870) SPIE ISBN0819456608Reflecting the swift paceof advances inlithography this secondedition has been

updated to feature topics such as immersionlithography The book covers subjects includingoverlay the stages of exposure tools and lightsources and would suit readers with abackground in chemistry and physics The text issaid to contain numerous references for studentsand experienced lithographers alike who wish toinvestigate particular topics in more detail

Laser Processing of EngineeringMaterialsPrinciplesProcedure andIndustrialApplication by John CIon 576pp Hbkpound3999 (859)

Butterworth Heinemann ISBN 0750660791Written by an author with over 20 yearsrsquoexperience in laser processing the text is said toprovide a clear explanation of this revolutionarymanufacturing technology Featuring 18chapters and six useful appendices topicsinclude athermal processing conduction joiningand keyhole welding The book is aimed atdesign manufacturing and applicationsengineers along with final year undergraduateand postgraduate students

Passive Micro-Optical AlignmentMethods edited byRobert A Boudreau andSharon M Boudreau416pp Hbk $13995(8116) CRC PressISBN 0824707060This book claims to bethe first dedicated topassive alignment and

is split into three sections The first discussesmechanical passive alignment highlightingsilicon waferboard solder and ldquoJitneyrdquotechnologies as well as the application ofmechanical alignment to 3D free-spaceinterconnects Various visual alignmenttechniques applied to planar lightwave circuits(PLCs) and low-cost plastic and surface-mountpackaging are detailed in the following sectionThe text concludes with a chapter dedicated tothe analysis of manufacturing yields usingMonte Carlo techniques and includes adescription of passive alignment aids such aslenses and device modifications

Laser Remote Sensing edited by TakashiFujii and Tetsuo Fukuchi 912pp Hbk $13995(8116) CRC Press ISBN 0824742567 Thistext aims to provide an up-to-datecomprehensive review on LIDAR applications inatmospheric science and remote sensing Thescope of the book includes measurement ofaerosols water vapour clouds winds traceconstituents and temperature Other applicationscovered in this volume include vegetationmonitoring and altimetry The text includes colourimages of LIDAR data along with a description ofvarious fixed and mobile systems

We supply a comprehensive range of leading edge photonics products Latest additions include

100W 808nm diode bars now shipping in volume 15W visible diode bars available Ultra high power high brightness diode lasers Unique dual wavelength 491532nm DPSS lasers Lowest noise 532nm DPSS laser available

We specialise in providing photonics based solutions forA broad range of marketsand applications

For more information

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For other products please visit our website at

photonics products

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BOOKS


PEOPLETo advertise your job vacancies contact Cadi Jones (tel +44 (0)117 930 1090 e-mail cadijonesioporg)


US

Nada OrsquoBrien switchesfrom JDSU to NanoOpto

NanoOpto a USmaker of nano-structured opticalcomponents hasappointed NadaOrsquoBrien as vice-president of productdevelopmentPreviously OrsquoBrien

was product development manager at JDSUwith responsibility for launching products inthe global optics and display business

UK

CDT hires acquisition aceas chief financial officerDaniel Abrams has joined Cambridge DisplayTechnology (CDT) a UK-based developer oflight-emitting polymers as chief financialofficer Most recently Abrams was financedirector of Xenova Group a UKbiopharmaceutical company His previous

appointments include vice-president financeAsia and Africa division at PepsiCo andgroup head of corporate finance and strategyat Diageo owner of the Smirnoff JohnnieWalker and Guinness brands At DiageoAbrams was directly involved in more than50 acquisitions He is a law graduate andqualified chartered accountant

ldquoWe looked long and hard to find someoneof Daniel Abramsrsquo calibre to bring into ourbusinessrdquo said CDTrsquos chairman and CEODavid Fyfe

US

Planar appoints new CEOto succeed KrishnamurthyPlanar Systems a US firm specializing in flat-panel display technology has hired formerXerox office printing president Gerry Perkelas its new president and CEO Perkel takesover from Balaji Krishnamurthy who hasheld the CEO role since joining Planar inSeptember 1999

ldquoThe board decided that some freshperspectives would be beneficial so Balaji isdeparting at this time to engage some new

challenges and we wish him wellrdquocommented newly elected chairmanGregory Turnbull

US

Sony executive takesseat on Novalux board

Novalux a developerof extended-cavitysurface-emittinglasers has welcomedHiro Uchida to itsboard of directorsUchidarsquos career hasincluded several keymanagement

positions within Sony Corporation Mostrecently Uchida was general manager ofSonyrsquos strategic venture investmentdepartment where he fostered the growth ofearly-stage companies

ldquoHiro brings outstanding strategicexecutive management experience alongwith key relationships with the ventureinvestments communityrdquo said Novaluxchairman and CEO Jean-Michel Pelaprat

OrsquoBrien critical role

Uchida well connected

Advanced Photonix Inc wwwadvancedphotonixcom 27

BFi OPTiLAS International wwwbfioptilascom 24

Breault Research Organization Breaultcom IFC

Cambridge Technology wwwcambridgetechnologycom 30

Cobolt AB wwwcoboltse 33Cristal Laser wwwcristal-laserfr 31Crystal Systems Inc wwwcrystalsystemscom 22

Crystran wwwcrystrancouk 28CVI Technical Optics wwwcvilasercom 4Davin Optronics Limitedwwwdavinoptronicscom 34

ELCAN Optical Technologies wwwELCANcomcreate 18

FEMTO Messtechnik GmbH wwwfemtode 29GPD Optoelectronics Corp wwwgpd-ircom 28

Hamamatsu wwwsaleshamamatsucom 26HC Photonics Corporation wwwhcphotonicscom 16

Image Science wwwimage-sciencecouk 8

IQPC wwwdefenceiqcom 28i-chips wwwi-chipstechcom 6Kentek Corporation wwwkentek-lasercom 16

Laser Components (UK) Ltd wwwlasercomponentscouk 13

Laser Lines wwwlaserlinescouk 36LIMO-Lissotschenko Mikrooptic GmbH wwwlimode 22

Melles Griot wwwmellesgriotcom OBC

Newport Corporation wwwnewportcom 7Ocean Optics BV wwwoceanopticscom 37Ophir Optronics Ltd wwwophiroptcom IBCOptometrics LLC wwwoptometricscom 28Oxxius wwwoxxiuscom 12Paul Houmlszlig KG wwwstandfordcomputeropticscom 34

Physik Instrumente (PI) wwwpiws 14Spiricon Laser Beam Diagnostics Inc wwwspiriconcom 35

Stanford Research Systems wwwthinkSRScom 15

StockerYale Canada Inc wwwstockeryalecom 22

Thorlabs GmbH wwwthorlabscompol 32Unaxis Balzers Ltd wwwopticsunaxiscom 9Vialux Messetechnik amp Bildverarbeitung GmbH wwwvialuxde 16


November 17ndash18 International symposium on scientific Madrid Spain Laboratorio de Optica httploumessymposium_imaging seeing the invisible Universidad de Murcia invisible

November 21 Successful SMEs ndash funding and London UK Institute of Physics httpindustryioporgfinance UK

November 22 Fraunhofer workshop on fiber lasers Dresden Germany Fraunhofer IWS wwwiwsfraunhoferdeDresden workshope_workshophtml

November 23ndash24 Workshop on laser applications Dresden Germany EPICSPIE httpspieorgconferencesin Europe calls05ela

December 5ndash6 New directions in liquid crystal London UK The Royal Society wwwroyalsocacukeventsscience

December 12ndash15 International Conference on Optics Dehradun Uttaranchal Optical Society of wwwicol2005comamp Optoelectronics (ICOL 2005) India India SPIE

December 15ndash16 Optical solutions for homeland and Washington DC US OSA wwwosaorgmeetingsnational security topicalsoshs

January 13 LEDs in Displays Technical Costa Mesa California Society for Information wwwsidchaptersorglaSymposium US Display (SID)

January 15ndash19 Electronic Imaging 2006 San Jose California SPIE httpelectronicimagingUS orgcall06

January 19ndash20 Southeast Ultrafast and High Tallahassee Florida US Scott Crane wwwcoherentcomCompanyResolution Spectroscopy Conference indexcfmfuseaction=Forms

pageampPageID=52

ADVERTISERSrsquo INDEX

DDAATTEE EEVVEENNTT LLOOCCAATTIIOONN OORRGGAANNIIZZEERR CCOONNTTAACCTT

CALENDARFor a more comprehensive list of events including links to websites visit opticsorgevents

The index is provided as a service and while every effort is made to ensure its accuracy Opto amp Laser Europe accepts no liability for error

January 21ndash26 Photonics West 2006 San Jose California US SPIE httpspieorgConferencescalls06pw

February 19ndash24 Microlithography San Jose California US SPIE httpspieorgConferencescalls06ml

BeamStar FXBeamStar FXThe shining lightin digital laser beam profilers

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Optical components lenses and systems

Vibration isolated worksurfaces

Laser measurement instrumentation

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Gas and solid-state lasers

Nanopositioning stages and systems

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Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

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men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

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40

0

10


35

30

25

20

15

5

reve

nue

(US$

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Dis

play

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ch



Carm

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nada















into the infrared



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Phone 0800-11 257Fax 0800-11 302











Phone +1-650-961-2550Fax +1-650-964-3584





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depletion layer

avalancheregion

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__+ __+ +__ __ +

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ut

signal shot noise

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473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

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NEW


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from

the

tech

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gy le

ader







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02ns gate time

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pageampPageID=52












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wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800





ACQUISITIONS































Thal

es O

ptic

al C

oatin

gs

Larr

y H

arw

ood

Uni

vers

ity o

f Co

lora

do

NEWSSUBSECTION

OLEDS



















40

0

10


35

30

25

20

15

5

reve

nue

(US$

m)


Dis

play

Sear

ch



Carm

anah

Ca

nada















into the infrared



clear advantage


Phone 0800-11 257Fax 0800-11 302











Phone +1-650-961-2550Fax +1-650-964-3584





AD

-100

506-

EN


NEWSBUSINESS

ACQUISITIONS

















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OR D E R S


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ht

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ON

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100


Sour

ce

Envi

ronm

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00 5000 5500 6000

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wwwstockeryalecom

HIGH POWER

LASERS










T (514) 685-1005 F (514) 685-3307







CRYSTALSYSTEMS

HEM SAPPHIRE


available




COMPANY PROFILE


















JDSU

JDSU















COMPANY PROFILE





Laser BeamAnalysis







Wavefront Analysis




ww

wb

fio

pti

lasc

om



PRODUCT GUIDE
















Ham

amat

su








PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800


NEWSSUBSECTION

OLEDS



















40

0

10


35

30

25

20

15

5

reve

nue

(US$

m)


Dis

play

Sear

ch



Carm

anah

Ca

nada















into the infrared



clear advantage


Phone 0800-11 257Fax 0800-11 302











Phone +1-650-961-2550Fax +1-650-964-3584





AD

-100

506-

EN


NEWSBUSINESS

ACQUISITIONS

















DI S P L AYS


OR D E R S


IM AG I N G


IN BRIEF








Alig

ht

Life after telecoms

NEWSEDITORIAL



















OT

ON

SFA

SC

INA

TIN

G




wwwopticsunaxiscom


NEWSANALYSIS

























Cano

n




DISPLAYS
























Iris

-3d

Bor

n Fr

ee E

ggs



SOLAR POWER












Dav

id H

anco

ck

SkyS

cans













PROJECTORS


Epso

n



SENSING


DETECTORS



Colour Sensors













Nis

san









Rosa

nna

Kilfe

dder


TECHNOLOGYRampD

SOLAR CELLS




















JOURNAL WATCH


UCL

A











dee

seethree

z-Snapper

wwwvialuxde















PATENTS















L O

xenl

oslashwe

COM

Fit Together

wwwELCANcomcreate












BIOPHOTONICS





















Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics

Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics





















00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100


Sour

ce

Envi

ronm

ent

Cana

da












00 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102





wwwstockeryalecom

HIGH POWER

LASERS










T (514) 685-1005 F (514) 685-3307







CRYSTALSYSTEMS

HEM SAPPHIRE


available




COMPANY PROFILE


















JDSU

JDSU















COMPANY PROFILE





Laser BeamAnalysis







Wavefront Analysis




ww

wb

fio

pti

lasc

om



PRODUCT GUIDE
















Ham

amat

su








PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800
















into the infrared



clear advantage


Phone 0800-11 257Fax 0800-11 302











Phone +1-650-961-2550Fax +1-650-964-3584





AD

-100

506-

EN


NEWSBUSINESS

ACQUISITIONS

















DI S P L AYS


OR D E R S


IM AG I N G


IN BRIEF








Alig

ht

Life after telecoms

NEWSEDITORIAL



















OT

ON

SFA

SC

INA

TIN

G




wwwopticsunaxiscom


NEWSANALYSIS

























Cano

n




DISPLAYS
























Iris

-3d

Bor

n Fr

ee E

ggs



SOLAR POWER












Dav

id H

anco

ck

SkyS

cans













PROJECTORS


Epso

n



SENSING


DETECTORS



Colour Sensors













Nis

san









Rosa

nna

Kilfe

dder


TECHNOLOGYRampD

SOLAR CELLS




















JOURNAL WATCH


UCL

A











dee

seethree

z-Snapper

wwwvialuxde















PATENTS















L O

xenl

oslashwe

COM

Fit Together

wwwELCANcomcreate












BIOPHOTONICS





















Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics

Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics





















00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100


Sour

ce

Envi

ronm

ent

Cana

da












00 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102





wwwstockeryalecom

HIGH POWER

LASERS










T (514) 685-1005 F (514) 685-3307







CRYSTALSYSTEMS

HEM SAPPHIRE


available




COMPANY PROFILE


















JDSU

JDSU















COMPANY PROFILE





Laser BeamAnalysis







Wavefront Analysis




ww

wb

fio

pti

lasc

om



PRODUCT GUIDE
















Ham

amat

su








PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800



NEWSBUSINESS

ACQUISITIONS

















DI S P L AYS


OR D E R S


IM AG I N G


IN BRIEF








Alig

ht

Life after telecoms

NEWSEDITORIAL



















OT

ON

SFA

SC

INA

TIN

G




wwwopticsunaxiscom


NEWSANALYSIS

























Cano

n




DISPLAYS
























Iris

-3d

Bor

n Fr

ee E

ggs



SOLAR POWER












Dav

id H

anco

ck

SkyS

cans













PROJECTORS


Epso

n



SENSING


DETECTORS



Colour Sensors













Nis

san









Rosa

nna

Kilfe

dder


TECHNOLOGYRampD

SOLAR CELLS




















JOURNAL WATCH


UCL

A











dee

seethree

z-Snapper

wwwvialuxde















PATENTS















L O

xenl

oslashwe

COM

Fit Together

wwwELCANcomcreate












BIOPHOTONICS





















Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics

Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics





















00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100


Sour

ce

Envi

ronm

ent

Cana

da












00 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102





wwwstockeryalecom

HIGH POWER

LASERS










T (514) 685-1005 F (514) 685-3307







CRYSTALSYSTEMS

HEM SAPPHIRE


available




COMPANY PROFILE


















JDSU

JDSU















COMPANY PROFILE





Laser BeamAnalysis







Wavefront Analysis




ww

wb

fio

pti

lasc

om



PRODUCT GUIDE
















Ham

amat

su








PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800


Life after telecoms

NEWSEDITORIAL



















OT

ON

SFA

SC

INA

TIN

G




wwwopticsunaxiscom


NEWSANALYSIS

























Cano

n




DISPLAYS
























Iris

-3d

Bor

n Fr

ee E

ggs



SOLAR POWER












Dav

id H

anco

ck

SkyS

cans













PROJECTORS


Epso

n



SENSING


DETECTORS



Colour Sensors













Nis

san









Rosa

nna

Kilfe

dder


TECHNOLOGYRampD

SOLAR CELLS




















JOURNAL WATCH


UCL

A











dee

seethree

z-Snapper

wwwvialuxde















PATENTS















L O

xenl

oslashwe

COM

Fit Together

wwwELCANcomcreate












BIOPHOTONICS





















Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics

Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics





















00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100


Sour

ce

Envi

ronm

ent

Cana

da












00 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102





wwwstockeryalecom

HIGH POWER

LASERS










T (514) 685-1005 F (514) 685-3307







CRYSTALSYSTEMS

HEM SAPPHIRE


available




COMPANY PROFILE


















JDSU

JDSU















COMPANY PROFILE





Laser BeamAnalysis







Wavefront Analysis




ww

wb

fio

pti

lasc

om



PRODUCT GUIDE
















Ham

amat

su








PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


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pageampPageID=52












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wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800


NEWSANALYSIS

























Cano

n




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n



SENSING


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san









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dder


TECHNOLOGYRampD

SOLAR CELLS




















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UCL

A











dee

seethree

z-Snapper

wwwvialuxde















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wwwELCANcomcreate












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lied

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lied

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00

1500

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500altit

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(m)


100

00

1500

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500altit

ude

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00 5000 5500 6000

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N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

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outp

ut

signal shot noise

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11



























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473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

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PRODUCTS


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US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800





DISPLAYS
























Iris

-3d

Bor

n Fr

ee E

ggs



SOLAR POWER












Dav

id H

anco

ck

SkyS

cans













PROJECTORS


Epso

n



SENSING


DETECTORS



Colour Sensors













Nis

san









Rosa

nna

Kilfe

dder


TECHNOLOGYRampD

SOLAR CELLS




















JOURNAL WATCH


UCL

A











dee

seethree

z-Snapper

wwwvialuxde















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xenl

oslashwe

COM

Fit Together

wwwELCANcomcreate












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lied

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lied

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00

1500

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500altit

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(m)


100

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1500

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100

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1500

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100


Sour

ce

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photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















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PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

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NEW


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DPSS laserOxxius




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from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

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DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800




SOLAR POWER












Dav

id H

anco

ck

SkyS

cans













PROJECTORS


Epso

n



SENSING


DETECTORS



Colour Sensors













Nis

san









Rosa

nna

Kilfe

dder


TECHNOLOGYRampD

SOLAR CELLS




















JOURNAL WATCH


UCL

A











dee

seethree

z-Snapper

wwwvialuxde















PATENTS















L O

xenl

oslashwe

COM

Fit Together

wwwELCANcomcreate












BIOPHOTONICS





















Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics

Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics





















00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100


Sour

ce

Envi

ronm

ent

Cana

da












00 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102





wwwstockeryalecom

HIGH POWER

LASERS










T (514) 685-1005 F (514) 685-3307







CRYSTALSYSTEMS

HEM SAPPHIRE


available




COMPANY PROFILE


















JDSU

JDSU















COMPANY PROFILE





Laser BeamAnalysis







Wavefront Analysis




ww

wb

fio

pti

lasc

om



PRODUCT GUIDE
















Ham

amat

su








PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800




SENSING


DETECTORS



Colour Sensors













Nis

san









Rosa

nna

Kilfe

dder


TECHNOLOGYRampD

SOLAR CELLS




















JOURNAL WATCH


UCL

A











dee

seethree

z-Snapper

wwwvialuxde















PATENTS















L O

xenl

oslashwe

COM

Fit Together

wwwELCANcomcreate












BIOPHOTONICS





















Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics

Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics





















00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100


Sour

ce

Envi

ronm

ent

Cana

da












00 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102





wwwstockeryalecom

HIGH POWER

LASERS










T (514) 685-1005 F (514) 685-3307







CRYSTALSYSTEMS

HEM SAPPHIRE


available




COMPANY PROFILE


















JDSU

JDSU















COMPANY PROFILE





Laser BeamAnalysis







Wavefront Analysis




ww

wb

fio

pti

lasc

om



PRODUCT GUIDE
















Ham

amat

su








PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800



TECHNOLOGYRampD

SOLAR CELLS




















JOURNAL WATCH


UCL

A











dee

seethree

z-Snapper

wwwvialuxde















PATENTS















L O

xenl

oslashwe

COM

Fit Together

wwwELCANcomcreate












BIOPHOTONICS





















Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics

Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics





















00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100


Sour

ce

Envi

ronm

ent

Cana

da












00 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102





wwwstockeryalecom

HIGH POWER

LASERS










T (514) 685-1005 F (514) 685-3307







CRYSTALSYSTEMS

HEM SAPPHIRE


available




COMPANY PROFILE


















JDSU

JDSU















COMPANY PROFILE





Laser BeamAnalysis







Wavefront Analysis




ww

wb

fio

pti

lasc

om



PRODUCT GUIDE
















Ham

amat

su








PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800












dee

seethree

z-Snapper

wwwvialuxde















PATENTS















L O

xenl

oslashwe

COM

Fit Together

wwwELCANcomcreate












BIOPHOTONICS





















Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics

Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics





















00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100


Sour

ce

Envi

ronm

ent

Cana

da












00 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102





wwwstockeryalecom

HIGH POWER

LASERS










T (514) 685-1005 F (514) 685-3307







CRYSTALSYSTEMS

HEM SAPPHIRE


available




COMPANY PROFILE


















JDSU

JDSU















COMPANY PROFILE





Laser BeamAnalysis







Wavefront Analysis




ww

wb

fio

pti

lasc

om



PRODUCT GUIDE
















Ham

amat

su








PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800














PATENTS















L O

xenl

oslashwe

COM

Fit Together

wwwELCANcomcreate












BIOPHOTONICS





















Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics

Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics





















00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100


Sour

ce

Envi

ronm

ent

Cana

da












00 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102





wwwstockeryalecom

HIGH POWER

LASERS










T (514) 685-1005 F (514) 685-3307







CRYSTALSYSTEMS

HEM SAPPHIRE


available




COMPANY PROFILE


















JDSU

JDSU















COMPANY PROFILE





Laser BeamAnalysis







Wavefront Analysis




ww

wb

fio

pti

lasc

om



PRODUCT GUIDE
















Ham

amat

su








PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800


Fit Together

wwwELCANcomcreate












BIOPHOTONICS





















Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics

Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics





















00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100


Sour

ce

Envi

ronm

ent

Cana

da












00 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102





wwwstockeryalecom

HIGH POWER

LASERS










T (514) 685-1005 F (514) 685-3307







CRYSTALSYSTEMS

HEM SAPPHIRE


available




COMPANY PROFILE


















JDSU

JDSU















COMPANY PROFILE





Laser BeamAnalysis







Wavefront Analysis




ww

wb

fio

pti

lasc

om



PRODUCT GUIDE
















Ham

amat

su








PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800




BIOPHOTONICS





















Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics

Lein

App

lied

Dia

gnos

tics





















00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100

00

1500

1000

500altit

ude

(m)


100


Sour

ce

Envi

ronm

ent

Cana

da












00 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102





wwwstockeryalecom

HIGH POWER

LASERS










T (514) 685-1005 F (514) 685-3307







CRYSTALSYSTEMS

HEM SAPPHIRE


available




COMPANY PROFILE


















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Since 1969

Melles Griot has

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With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

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Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

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00

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photon

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Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800













00 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

102

500 5000 5500 6000

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wwwstockeryalecom

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T (514) 685-1005 F (514) 685-3307







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ww

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electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

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PN junction

outp

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signal shot noise

thermal noise













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Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800


wwwstockeryalecom

HIGH POWER

LASERS










T (514) 685-1005 F (514) 685-3307







CRYSTALSYSTEMS

HEM SAPPHIRE


available




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JDSU

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Laser BeamAnalysis







Wavefront Analysis




ww

wb

fio

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om



PRODUCT GUIDE
















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amat

su








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electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













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473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

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wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800




COMPANY PROFILE


















JDSU

JDSU















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Laser BeamAnalysis







Wavefront Analysis




ww

wb

fio

pti

lasc

om



PRODUCT GUIDE
















Ham

amat

su








PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































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Speed Freaks

11



























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473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




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NEW


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DPSS laserOxxius




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Buy

from

the

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M 2 Measure ment

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ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800














COMPANY PROFILE





Laser BeamAnalysis







Wavefront Analysis




ww

wb

fio

pti

lasc

om



PRODUCT GUIDE
















Ham

amat

su








PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


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DPSS laserOxxius




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Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







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02ns gate time

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men


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M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

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ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800




PRODUCT GUIDE
















Ham

amat

su








PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


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photonics products

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pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800







PRODUCT GUIDE


electricfield

photon

depletion layer

avalancheregion

N+

__+ __+ +__ __ +

_ ++ _+ _ + _+

_ +

P+

PN junction

outp

ut

signal shot noise

thermal noise













PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


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photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




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US




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pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800










PRODUCT GUIDE

























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800
























































PRODUCTS








Speed Freaks

11



























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


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photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800

























PRODUCTS




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800




















PRODUCTS









ADVERTISEMENT




















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800





















PRODUCTS



473 nm 50 mW




Laser Solutions

from Cobolt




Look no further

Call us today+46 8 545 91 230

NEW


replacement












DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800










DPSS laserOxxius




PRODUCTS






Buy

from

the

tech

nolo

gy le

ader







4 Picos dig

4 Quik Edig

02ns gate time

15ns gate time

















LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800






LED panelLumitex



DPSS laserPowerlase
















PRODUCTS


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800


PRODUCTS



















photonics products

wwwlaserlinescouk

BOOKS




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800




US




UK




US




US





































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800
































pageampPageID=52












New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800







New Features


wwwophiroptcom



men


men

t


M 2 Measure ment

P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800


P o s i t i o n

Cr

ea

te

C

on

tr

ol

1

wwwmellesgriotcom



Since 1969

Melles Griot has

maintained a




With manufacturing

operations on three

continents and a

distribution and

support network

















wwwmellesgriotcom

Benelux +31 (0316) 333041

Canada 1-800-267-3497

France +33 (01) 30 120680

Germany +49 6251-84060

Japan +81 33407 3614

Scandinavia +46 8 544 449 00

Singapore +65 6392-5368

United Kingdom +44 (0) 1480 420 800


MEDICINE OPTICAL GLUCOSE SENSOR TARGETS THE HUMAN EYEold.dops.dk/pictures/pdf/ole_2005_11.pdf · 29...

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Transcript of MEDICINE OPTICAL GLUCOSE SENSOR TARGETS THE HUMAN EYEold.dops.dk/pictures/pdf/ole_2005_11.pdf · 29...