Medical Terminology2-Roots, Prefix and Sufiix 2003

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Commonly Used Roots, Prefix and Suffix By Madarina Julia E. Suryadi Medical Terminology

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Transcript of Medical Terminology2-Roots, Prefix and Sufiix 2003

Page 1: Medical Terminology2-Roots, Prefix and Sufiix 2003

Commonly Used Roots, Prefix and

Suffix

By Madarina JuliaE. Suryadi

Medical Terminology

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Basic Word Structure

PANCYTOPENIA

PREFIX WORDROOT

COMBINING VOWEL

SUFFIX

COMBINING FORM

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TissueTissues may have different terms in normal and diseased states

NORMAL: LATIN WORD

DISEASED/ ABNORMAL: GREEK WORD

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normal and abnormalTESTIS

UTERUSVAGINA

OVARIUMTUBA

NASUSORIS

HEPAR

orch/ometr/ocolp/o

oophor/osalphynx

rhin/ostomat/

onephepat/o

orchitisendometriti

scolpitis

vaginitisOophoritissalphyngiti

srhinitis

Stomatitishepatitis

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normal and abnormal

RENCOR

PULMO

CORNEAAURIS

CEREBRUM

nephr/ocardi/o

pneum/o

kerat/oot/o

encephal/o

nephritiscarditis

pneumonitis

pneumoniakeratitis

otitisencephaliti

s

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Tissue

ADIPOSE TISSUEFascia adiposaLIP/O : FAT– Lipolysis– Lipogenesis– Lipodystrophy– lipoma

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Tissue

OSSEUS/OSOs femur, os radius, os pallatum, medulla osseumOSTE/O - : BONE– Osteogenesis

imperfecta– Osteoblast– Osteomyelitis

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Tissue

NERVUSNernus ischiadicus, n. axillarisNEUR/O : NERVE– neuralgia– neuropathy– neuritis

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Tissue

MUSCULUSMusculus pectoralis major, m. rectus abdominisMY/OMYS/O: MUSCLE– myopathy– myositis– Myoglobin– Myofibra– Myocardium– Myometrium

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Tissue

CARTILAGOCartilago thyreoidea, cartilago septi nasiCHONDR/O : CARTILAGE– chondrodysplasia– Achondroplasia– Osteogenesis enchondralis– Chondrogenesis

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Tissue

CUTISCUTANE/0

Intracutane, subcutaneDERMISDERMAT/O : SKIN– dermatitis– leukoderma– epidermis– dermatology

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Tissue

VASAVASCUL/O

vascularisation, avascular ANGI/O : BLOOD VESSEL– angiopathy/ vasculopathy– angiography– Angiogram– angioma– Vasculitis

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Tissue

SANGUIS; SANGUINISHEM/O =HAIMAEMHEMAT/O: BLOOD– hematology– hematopoiesis– anemia– cholesterolemia– hemoglobin

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Color= chrom

LEUK/O : ALBUS : WHITEALBINO, CORPUS ALBICANLINEA ALBALEUKOCYTE LEUKOCYTURIALEUKOCYTOSISLEUKEMIALEUKODERMALEUKODYSTROPHYLEUKOPLAKIALEUKORRHEAFLUOR ALBUS

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Color = chrom

MELAN/O : FUSCUS : BLACK MELANOCYTEMELANOBLASTMELANOMAMELANURIAMELANINMELENA

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ColorERYTHR/O : RUBRO :

RED CORPUS RUBRUM NUCLEUS RUBER

ERYTHROBLASTERYTHROCYTE ERYTHROCLASTERYTHEMATOUSERYSIPELASERYTHREMIAERYTHRODERMA

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Color

CYAN/O: BLUE

CYANOTICCYANOSISCYANOPHILCYANOPSIACYANOLABE

glaucos : bluish green Griseus : bluish grey

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ColorCHLOR/O:CHLOASMA :

GREEN

CHLOROMACHLOROPHYLCHLOROPSIACHLOROLABE

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COLOR

GRISEUS = POLIOS = PHAIOS =GREY

Substantia grisea Poliomyelitis

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Color

XANTH/O: FLAVUS: LUTEUS: YELLOW

CORPUS LUTEUMXANTHOCHROMICXANTHOCHROMIAXANTHELASMAXANTHOMAXANTHOPSIA

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Body activities

Audio = acouo = to hear Opsia = opia = blepo = to seePhagien = to eatDipsa = to drinkPhrasis = to speechLaleo = to talkGradior = to walkHalo = pneu = to breatheOureo = to urinateErgo = to workSedeo =sella = to sit

Osme = bromo =to smellMnena = memoryPalpo = to touchKineo= moveo = to moveGustatus = geuma = to tasteHypnos = somnus = sopor= to sleepGlutio = to swallow Defaecatio= chezo = to defaecate

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Qualitative Measurement

Major= magnus = mega = greatMinor = parvus = smallBreve = short

Longus = longDurum = hard

Mollis = softBradys = tardus = slowTachys = celer = fastPoly = multi = manyOligos = few = rareAsthenia = weak

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prefix – Location

end/o – ento - enesointra

ect/o

exo

ec

retr/o

par/a

peri

supra/super /ultra

epiextra

infra/ sub

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prefix – Location

mes/o

Circum/peri

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Ante = beforeMeta = behindTrans = beyond, to the other sideInter = between, amongDia = complete = through Per = through, overAna = upon, upwardsCata = downward

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prefix – Locationexamples:

ectopic pregnancyectoderm, mesoderm, endodermencephalitisendometrium vs. parametriumendotoxin vs. exotoxinPeriosteum, pericardiumCircumoral, circumductioretroperitonealsuprarenal, etc.

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A/AN

NULLI

prefix - number

ANEMIAAPLASTIC ANEMIAANALGESIANULLIPARA

WITHOUT

LACKING

DEFICIENT

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HEMIPARESISHEMIPLEGIAHEMIHYPERTROPHYSEMICOMATOSE

prefix - number

½ hemi

semi

HALF

PARTIAL

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prefix - number

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODYMONOPARESISMONONUCLEAR CELLSUNICELLULARUNILATERAL

uni - mono

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prefix - number

PRIMIPARA, PRIMIPAROUSPRIMIGRAVIDAPRIMITIVE PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS

1st

primi

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BI - DI(PLO)

prefix - number

BICUSPID VALVEBICEPSBIFURCATIODIPLOCOCCUSDIPLOID

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prefix - number

•MULTI – MANY : MULTIPARA, MULTINUCLEAR

GIANT CELLS, MULTIGRAVIDA

•3 - TRI : TRICUSPIDALIS, TRI IN DIE

•4 - TETRA : TETRAPARESES, TETRAPLEGIA

•5 - PENTA : PENTAMER

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negative sense

ANTI (ANT): CONTRA =AGAINST, OPPOSED

• ANTIBIOTIC

• ANTIHISTAMINE

• ANTITOXIN

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MAL = BAD Malnutrition, malaria

A, AN = ABSENCE OF SOMETHING, DEFICIENT Anaerobe, anemia,

anhidrosis

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negative sense

dys : difficult, painful, abnormal

DYSMENORRHEA

DYSPEPSIA

DYSTROPHY

(DUCHENNE MUSCULODYSTROPHY)

DYSURIA

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hyper and hypo

hyper : beyond normal, excessive, over hypo: under, deficient, below normal

HYPOGLYCEMIAHYPOTHYROIDISM

HYPOTENSIHYPODERMIC

HYPERGLYCEMIAHYPERTHYROIDIS

MHYPERTENSI

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tachy and brady

tachy: rapid, fast brady: slow

tachycardiatachypnea

bradycardiabradypnea

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suffix – noun

dyspnea, rhinorrheaanemia, osteomalaciahypertrophyectasiaarteriosclerosis

a, ia, y, sia, sis, asia, asis, esis, ema, ism, us:

state, condition

• nephrolithiasis• erythema• hyperchromasi

a• diuresis• synergism• hydrocephalus

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suffix – noun

itis inflammation

oma,ma

tumor, disease

oophoritis fibroadenomaendometritis adenocarcinomacolitis ulcerosa gliomahepatitis edemacarditis lymphoma

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SuffixNOUN - ADJECTIVE

NOUN ADJECTIVEcyanosisanemianervus

sclerosisstenosisparalysis

cyanoticanemicnervousscleroticstenoticparalytic

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SUFFIXES

-ALGIA = PAIN-CELE = HERNIA-CENTESIS = SURGICAL PUNCTURE TO REMOTE

A FLUID-PENIA = DECREASE-DYNIA = PAIN-LYSIS = DESTRUCTION = BREAKDOWN-MALACIA = SOFTENING-OPSY = TO VIEW-POIESIS = FORMATION-PLASIA = DEVELOPMENT

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SUFFIXES

-OSIS = ABNORMAL CONDITION-PATHY = DISEASE-PEXY = FIXATION-STASIS = STOPPING. CONTROLING-SCOPE = INSTRUMENT FOR

EXAMINATION -PTOSIS = DROPPING

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Further Readings

Chabner DE. The Language of Medicine. W.B. Saunders Company, 1981Dunmore CW, Fleischer RM. Medical Terminology. Exercises in Etymology, 2nd ed. F.A Davis Company, 1985Dennerll JT. Medical Terminology. A Programmed Text, 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1988


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