Zinc Sulphate flotation method

Zinc Sulphate methodMedical Parasitology Lab. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013Prepared By:Mr. Raed Z. AhmedZinc Sulphate techniqueAdvantages:Zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation technique is useful for the recovery of protozoan cysts and helminthes eggs.Disadvantages:Large trematode eggs, some tape worm eggs, and infertile Ascaris lumbricoides eggs are not concentrated by this method.Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013* A sedimentation technique is recommended to detect these infections. 2Materials and MethodZinc sulphate solution with specific gravity 1.18.Mix 330gm dry zinc sulphate in 670ml distilled water.Use the hydrometer or densitometer to adjust specific gravity around 1.18 Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013Tissue Cestodes Ecchinococcus granulosusRaed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013Ecchinococcus granulosus Ecchinococcus granulosus also known as hydatid worm.Disease: Ecchinococcus (serious disease).Adult lives in intestine of dogs but never in human intestine.Definitive host: Dogs.Dead end host: Human.Intermediate host: sheep, cattle, horse, pigs.Infective stage: ova by fecal oral route.Diagnosis: Tests involve antigen antibody reaction.X-RAY examination.

Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Ecchinococcus granulosus stages Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013Intestinal Cestodes Diphyllobotherium latum Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013Diphyllobotherium latum knows as abroad fish tapeworm which can cause Diphylobotheriasis.Mode of infection: through consumption of raw or undercooked fish contain plerocercoid larva.Immature eggs are passed in feces of the mammal host (the definitive host).After ingestion by a suitable freshwater crustacean (intermediate host), the coracidia develop into procercoid larvae.Following ingestion of the crustacean by a suitable second intermediate host, the procercoid larvae are released from the crustacean and migrate into the fish's flesh where they develop into a plerocercoid larvaeThe plerocercoid larvae are the infective stage for the definitive host (including humans).Diagnosis: Stool analysis to finding typical eggs ( oval, yellow brown with operculum at one end) and segments.

Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013The scolex is the head portion of the worm, and is equipped with a slit-like groove (the bothrium) for attachment to the intestine.Un embryonated egg passed in feces and become embryonated in water 8Diphyllobotherium latum eggs

Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013Intestinal Cestodes Taenia spp.Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013

Life cycleRaed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013Taenia spp.Of the 32 recognized species of Taenia, only Taenia solium and Taenia saginata are medically important.Taenia saginata, which is also known as the "beef tapeworm", though it also infects humans.Taenia solium, which is known as the "pork tapeworm". Like Taenia saginata humans serve as its primary host.Both have mature, immature and gravid segments.Both have scolex provided with four cup- shaped suckers, but T. saginata has an unarmed scolex while T. solium has an armed scolex. Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013Taenia spp. (Cont.)In both species the infective stage is the cysticercus.Cows are the intermediate host of T. saginata while pigs are the intermediate host of T. solium. Definitive host: Human.Diagnosis:By finding gravid proglotid or eggs in stool.Eggs present in stool less often are proglottids. Direct fecal smear.Brine flotation technique.Taenia saginata and Taenia solium must be differentiated from each other by the following:Mature segment, gravid proglotid and adult worm.Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013Comparison Aspect Taenia saginataTaenia soliumIntermediate hostCows(Beef tape worm)Pigs(Pork tape worm)Adult size

Longer ( 4 8 meters )

Smaller ( 2 - 4 meters )

Number of segment 1000 2000

700 - 1000

Mature segment2 lobes ovary 3 lobes ovaryGravid proglotidWith 15 30 uterine branchesWith 7 13 uterine branchesScolex

Devoid rostellum and hooks

With rostellum and 2 rows of hooksLarvae

Cysticercus bovis in cattle only

Cysticercus cellulosae in pig as well as in manDisease caused in man

TaeniasisTaeniasis and cysticercosis

Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013Taenia Egg

We cant use egg to differentiate b/w two species Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013Taenia scolex

Taenia saginataTaenia soliumRaed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013Taenia mature segment

Taenia solium3 ovary lobesTaenia saginata2 ovary lobesRaed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013Taenia Gravid Proglotid Taenia soliumTaenia saginata

Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013Taenia Adult wormTaenia soliumTaenia saginata

Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012-2013