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that but one variety of fever existed in France, I confess it didappear to me there were grounds for supposing that it was adifferent poison which caused the disease. Now, however, weknow that the two varieties exist there; and that, in otherparts of the continent, the two have been found united in away which made it a very difficult matter to separate them.With such facts before me, and aware that good observers arestill engaged on the point in different quarters of the globe,who hold different views from those current in London, I thinkit matter of common prudence to wait longer before committingmyself to either one side or other.

Medical News.ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS.—The following gentle-

men, having undergone the necessary examinations for the

diploma, were admitted Members of the College at a meetingof the Court of Examiners on the 26th ult. :-

Cook, Robert Foreman, Gateshead.Dinham, George Joseph, Mile-end.Eyeley, Joseph Frederick, Llanymynech, North Wales.Hammond, Edward Charles, Cambridge.Sterling, Hauteville Hone John, Deal, Kent.

At the same meeting of the Court, Mr. Walter FrederickCope Bartlett, late of the Royal Naval Hospital, Hong Kong,passed his examination as Naval Surgeon. This gentlemanhad previously besn admitted a member of the College, hisdiploma bearing date August Sth, 1856.APOTHECARIES’ HALL.—The following gentlemen passed

their examination in the science and practice of medicine, andreceived certificates to practise, on

Thursday, October 25th, 1860.Batho, William, Amesbury, Wilts.Coward, Christopher Thomas, Stepney Green, Stepney.Dalton, Frederick George, Westerham, Kent.Phillips, George Griffith, Newcastle Emlyn, Cardiganshire.Williams, Eliezer, Llandilo, Carmarthenshire.

The following gentlemen also on the same day passed theirfirst examination :-

Cribb, William, Chambers-terrace, Camden-town.Rawson, Edwin, Wilsden, near Bingley.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, EDINBURGH.—EdwinSwinfen Bellyse, M.D., L.R.C.S., & L.A.C., Nantwich, waselected a Fellow of this College on the 17th ult.

. ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS.—It has been remittedto the Council of the College to arrange the scheme for carryinginto effect the new powers conferred upon the Fellows by therecent Act of electing a president.LONDON HOSPITAL.—Mr- Critchett has resigned his

share of the Chair of Surgery at this hospital. He will, how-ever, continue to give his annual course of lectures on Ophthal-mic Surgery.STAFF-SURGEON T. N. SUNTER, M.D., who had been

committed for trial at Honduras, on a charge of manslaughter,on the death of Lieutenant Lewis, 2nd West India Regiment,has been honourably acquitted.MEDICAL STATISTICS OF PRUSSIA. - The " Elberfeld

Gazette" states that in Prussia, in a population of 17,739,913souls, there are 358 district physicians; 4327 having their

grades; 996 surgeons, first class, and 643 second class; 1026veterinary surgeons; 1529 apothecaries; and 11,411 midwives.MEDICAL SESSION AT PARIS. ^ The lectures of the

Faculty of Medicine of Paris commenced on the 2nd inst.; butthe registers of inscriptions for the first quarter will be keptopen till the 20th inst.

DEATH OF A CENTENARIAN.-On Sunday week, Mr. D.Muirhead, of Tynecastle, near Edinburgh, died at the veryadvanced age of 106 years.

GIFTS To GARIBALDL-An Englishman, Mr. Briggs,merchant, of Manchester, has sent to General Garibaldi 400knapsacks, tents, and other valuable material, asking only inreturn an autograph of the General. Lady Panmure sent,some time since, 500 oz. of quinine.A CHIRURGICAL BEQUEST. - M. Lenoir, an eminent

French surgeon, who died lately at Paris, has directed, by hiswill, that all his surgical instruments should be given to thathouse-surgeon of the Paris Hospital who shall, this year, standfirst in the examinations for that office.

APPOINTMENTS.—Mr. Geo. L. Cooper, Surgeon to theBloomsbury Dispensary, has been appointed Teacher of Vacci-nation, under the new regulations of the Medical School of Uni-versity College, at Caledonian-place, King’s-Cross.

Dr. Wm. P. Kirkman has been appointed Medical Super-intendent of the New Lunatic Asylum for the United Countiesof Cumberland and Westmoreland, situated at Garlands, nearCarlisle.

THE LATE LEROY D’ETIOLLES. - A biographical sketchof the late lithotritist has been offered to the Medical Societyof the department of the Seine by its Secretary. In this essaywe find that Leroy d’Etiolles, at the early age of twenty-two,had already struck into the path that led him to fame, and,strange to say, almost at the same time with Amussat andCiviale-all three working at the solution of the same problemat the same epoch, and unaware of the coincidence. The re-markable improvements successively introduced by Leroy inthe structure of his instruments is carefully dwelt upon, andparticular stress is laid on the fact that he was not a merespecialist, as he engaged with great vigour in various investi.gations, amongst which may be named electricity, muscularcontractility, transfusion of blood, the effects of air in the veins,the reproduction of the crystalline lens, the ligature of polypiof the larynx, the operation for vesico-vaginal fistula, thetreatment of aneurism by coagulating injections, researches oncancer, &c. &c. His taste for mechanical science made himpropose various improvements in agriculture and railroads, andhad led him, as far back as 1831, to advocate the use of rifledcannon.

DEAF-MUTISM.—ADMINISTRATION OF CHLOROFORM,-At the last sitting of the Academy of Sciences of Paris, Dr.Baudelocque presented a patient of his to the members - asoldier, named Charles Freschelle, who having been seizedwith typhus fever in the Crimea lost the power of speech inconsequenee. On the 1st of September last, having been dumbfor four years, he placed himself under the guidance of Dr.Baudelocque, who succeeded in gradually curing him. Dr.Baudelocque also produced a young boy, born deaf and dumb,and who now can speak and also hear a little. Dr. Jeancourtsent in a paper on the employment of chloroform. He consi-ders that whenever the act of breathing is continued regularlyduring inhalation, chloroformation presents no danger; butthat when this continuity is interrupted, either by the fault ofthe operator or the patient, there may be danger. Hence heestablishes the general maxim: that, to avoid all accidents inproducing anaesthesia, great care must be taken to cause anincessant renewal of the air in the lungs until the sleep hasbegun. Afterwards it will continue without intermission.

STATISTICS OF LUNACY.—Late statistical returns showthat in Belgium there are at present 51 lunatic asylums: 6 inthe province of Antwerp (one of them the colony of Gheel), 11in the Brabant, 6 in Western Flanders, 16 in Eastern Flanders,6 in Hainaut, 4 in Liege, and 2 in Limburg. The number of’

lunatics in Belgium is 4907, which is 1 in every 920 of thepopulation.VIOLENT DEATH OF DR. GILMOUR, OF LiVERPOOL.—

The body of Dr. Gilmour, residing at 19, Upper Parliament-street, was, on Saturday last, found floating in the Trafford-dock, at the south end of the town. The face bore marks ofill-treatment, being much cut and bruised; otherwise the bodywas generally unscathed, and appeared to have been but ashort time in the water.

TEMPLE GARDENS.—The crysanthemums are daily pro.gressing towards their greatest perfection; one named Cas-sandra, a flower of marvellous beauty, wins the admiration ofall. Visitors are respectfully solicited not to omit an inspectionof the Pompones, a dwarf variety (bearing a minute blossom)of this charming autumn flower in the large circular beds ofthe Middle Temple Garden, near Essex-street. The exhibitionis free, without the trouble of obtaining tickets or orders, andis open daily from nine till dusk.A RESUSCITATED MURDERER.—The following strange

story appears in an American paper :-‘° There is now no usein concealing the fact that Albert W. Hicks, who was osten-sibly executed for piracy on Bedloe’s Island on the 12th of lastJuly, is still living, though in a dangerous state, but likely to

’ recover the full use of his faculties and limbs. The sight ofhis left eye is gone, and his left leg continues paralysed; but,! apart from these injuries, he would appear to have suffered. nothing, and his residence at his sister’s house in Poughkeepsie

has proved everv wav beneficiaL It will be remembered that

448

much comment was excited by the utterly fearless manner inwhich Hicks conducted himself previous to his execution. Helaughed at the idea of the gallows, and was only anxious, as herepeatedly said, to have things conducted according to agree-ment.’ In this agreement it is now believed that a prominentFederal officer had a part, and it is on record in the dailypapers that he was present at the execution, wearing hisDeputy Marshal’s badge, although no longer in the Marshal’sforce. It was also remarked at the time that Hicks was onlypulled up a distance of two feet and a half-utterly insufficientto break his neck; and that he was only allowed to remainthirteen minutes hanging. He was then cut down and pro-nounced dead, after which his body was immediately handedover to the care of Drs. J. T. Bell and Henry D. O’Reilly, ofBrooklyn. These gentlemen are responsible for his resuscita-tion, and the electro-chemical bath invented by Prof. 17eruueswas the immediate instrument. The body of the pirate waswrapped in warm blankets, and removed at once to the houseof Dr. O’Reilly, in Brooklyn, where Drs. O’Reilly and Mellery,of this city, were in attendance. The pulse was found to bewholly quiet, but .after various experiments the medical mencame to the conclusion that it was only a case of suspendedanimation. The body was therefore at once placed in the- electro-chemical bath, and while subjected to the charges ofthe battery and the action of the acids, Dr. Crane commenced Ia series of experiments for the inflation of the lungs. In thecourse of about two hours these were partially successful, thepirate beginning to give faint indications of respiration; andthese cheering signs animated the medical men in attendanceto redoubled exertions. A cautery was applied to the rightfoot, and received answer in an immediate contraction of theleg; the same experiment was repeated under the right ear,taking care not to injure the jugular vein, and the head at oncecommenced rolling in a manner indicating acute feeling. ’Veryslowly, but steadily, Albert W. Hicks regained consciousness,though for several days unable to speak, his throat being tooseverely injured. It was then found that his left eye-theside on which the noose had been-had lost all power of sight,and that his left arm and left leg were utterly paralysed. Inthis condition he was conveyed to Poughkeepsie, where hissister, Mrs. Gavan, lives; and under her roof he is now shel-tered, though the friends of the family do not desire to givetoo much publicity to the fact."-Express.UNWHOLESOME MEAT.—All the slaughter-houses in the

City were visited during last week, and the medical ofi;cer re-ported that the inspector of meat, Mr. Newman, had seized1192 Ibs., or rather more than half a ton, of meat that wasunfit for human food, all of which had been destroyed.POISONING A RIVER.—A poisonous substance has been

introduced into the river Southesk, which has effected a whole-sale destruction of the fish. The act has evidently been com-mitted designedly; and the effect of the poisoning is the moredeplorable now, as the fish are at present spawning. Thou-sands of trout lie dead on the ground, and the damage is esti-mated at about 1000. A repetition of the proceeding mightsucceed in utterly extirpating the finny inhabitants of theriver.

THE LATE GENERAL WALKER. - It is not generallyknown that General Walker, who lately met his death in sosad a manner, was formerly a member of our profession, andhad studied first in Philadelphia, and then at Paris. Want ofsuccess (though certainly not wanting in knowledge, judgment,and courage) drove him from the practice of medicine, andmade him turn to the law, where he was not more fortunate.At last he engaged in those enterprises which led him to thescaffold.—Gaz. Hebd., Oct. 26th.EPILEPSY A CONSEQUENCE OF TOBACCO-SMOKING.—" I

may be permitted to state that one of the most severe cases of,epilepsy I ever saw arose in a boy twelve years of age, whobad been for two years a tobacco-smoker, which habit he con-tinued after the diseased attacked him, and it was in vain thatremedies were applied so long as the habit was persisted in;but after it became known that he pursued this perniciouspractice, and he was prevented continuing it, he speedily re-covered, and has been since kept in good health. We shall nodoubt be told that thousands pursue this practice without pro-ducing epilepsy, and this is true; but how many of those thou-sands suffer considerable inconvenience and derangement of thefunctions )f the nervous and digestive system, without tracingthem to their true origin."-Sir CHARLES HASTINGS, M.D., onthe Tobacco ()ltestion.

M. GROUX, -with the congenital fissure of the sternum, isltgain in London. On Wednesday he gave a statement of thefeatures of interest in his -ease,,at- Guy’s Hospital,, before alarge gathering of ,students. He now performs a series of ex-periments upon himself, which alters the character of hiss6ance from what it formerly was, and renders his case of muchgreater general interest. The experiment he repeats with themagneto-electric machine, to show, by the striking of bells,the synchronism or non-synchronism in the action of differentparts of the heart and large arteries, is exceedingly ingeniousand beautiful. M. Groux may rival the frog as a gift of Na-ture to the physiologist.NEW MATERIAL FOR PAPER-MAKING.—M. de Paravey

has written to the Academy of Sciences to state that the knee-holly (recscies acculeatus) is universally employed throughontThibet and India for manufacturing paper. He suggests thatin the present dearth of materials for paper-making, it mightbe advantageously used for the same purpose in France, theplant being extremely common in that country.

CONVALESCENTS REQUIRE NURSING AS WELL AS COUNTRYAIR.—Some people do not see " why convalescents are to benursed at all." And yet persons who have taken the pains towatch are perfectly well aware that many cases would be irre-trievably lost but for careful nursing. Some would becomepermanent invalids; others, burdens to themselves and theirfriends for the rest of their days. There may be return to life,but return to health and usefulness depends upon the after-nursing in almost all cases. Careful nursing has done in a fewweeks what uncareful medical observation has declared it im-

possible to do in less than two years. Long convalescenceending in relapse or death is by no means unfrequent amongstthe poor, many of whom leave hospital to make way for morenecessitous cases long before they are able to return to theircustomary employment. Follow these people to their homes,and what do you find? A straitened household, overtaxed toits utmost by a long illness of its head or support, receivingback, perhaps from expected death, its head, not to be a sup-port, but to be a farther call upon its exhausted resources fornursing, clothing, and above all for suitable food and comforts.There can be no doubt that these defective convalescences,gone through in bad air and in the absence of almost everyrequisite, eventually go to swell the Registrar’s death list.-Miss NIGHTINGALE’S Notes OM Nursing.A QUACK’S FORMULA.—Garasse, in his queer book about

everything and other things beside, notices a formula used bya quack of his day, something to the following effect :-

" Si vis eurari sed meruo nescio qualiAccipias herbam, sed qualem nescio vel quam,Pouas nesda quo, curabere neseio quando."

DRAWING-ROOM EARTHQUAKES- - This drawing-room.earthquake may be easily produced by a single pair of feet invigorous movement to and fro from toe to heel, and if the feetbe worked alternately in a room of some extent a very power-ful vibration may thus-be created, and sustained with a verylittle practice, as anyone may ascertain by experimenting. Ifthe performer hss thin soles and so heels, he will be able toaccomplish this on a soft carpet almost without noise, and hehas simply to desist when attention is directed to his feet; orif a lady is the source of the earthquake, her crinoline will con-ceal her pedal play. Any of my readers with average muscularpower, and a slight amount of exertion, may produce suchearthquakes in any drawing-room in London, and no one whosemind is not sedulously prepared beforehand will dream of at-tributing them to spiritual agency.—Once a Week.FEMALE PHYSICIANS.—Ladies were amongst the earliest

of doctors, and some of them gave rise to a considerable amountof gossip in their day. In Chili, the Spaniards found female

as well as male practitioners, with sufficient skill in both towin respect from the Europeans. That, at least, foreign" doctoresses" formed no part of the system of the Orientalsmay, when we remember their jealous seclusion of women, beset down as, at all events, singular. But perhaps these might

, themselves spread a "soft infection," and then might be’

realized the sentiment of the lines- -

, " Non est in medico semper relevetur id ægerInterdum doctâ plus valet arte malum."

CONSUMPTION OF TOBACCO IN FRANCE.—The consump-i tion of tobacco in France increases in an immense proportion.; In 1815 it was only 53,000,000 lbs., and in 1858, 173,OOO,OOOlbs., having in that time more than tripled. In a period of 47 years,

it produced to the Treasury a gross sum of 4,386,794,264fr.,

449

d a net amount of 3,044,078,3 6 fr. The sale of tobacco, asis known, is a Government monopoly, and the gross receiptsfrom it are set down in the budget of the present year at163,000,000 fr. From that sum, however, must be deducted15,424,000 fr. for salaries; 12,437,200 fr. for rent, buildings,wages to workmen, repairs, supplies of paper, envelopes, salt,and casks; 211,000 fr. for indemnities to departments in whichthe plant is cultivated; 205,000 fr. for fees to experts;43,009,000 fr. for purchase of foreign and native tobacco ; and96,933 fr. for extraordinary services ; total, 57,501,533 fr.:thus leaving a balance of 125,498,467 fr. to the Treasury. Theincrease in the price of tobacco just imposed will raise thereceipts, it is estimated, to about 220,000,000 fr.HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE ’WEEK ENDING

SATURDAY, OCT. 27TH.—The deaths in London, which hadbeen in the previous week lli6, fell to 102S in the week thatended last Saturday. The average for corresponding weeks inthe ten years 1850-9, after correction for increase of popula-tion, is found to be 1141, and therefore the number in the pre-sent return is less by 115 than that which would have beenrecorded if the average rate of mortality towards the end ofOctober had prevailed. From zymotic diseases in the aggre-gate the deaths last week were 269, whilst the correctedaverage is 306; from pulmonary diseases the deaths were 190,the corrected average being 183. A hundred persons died ofphthisis, which stands in the tubercular order of diseases; andthis number is less by 42 than that obtained by calculation.Amongst zymotic diseases small-pox still shows a low mor-

tality ; the deaths from it were not more than 6. There were54 from scarlatina, and 13 from diphtheria. Twelve fatalcases of scarlatina occurred in Islington, 2 of diphtheria, and 5of whooping-cough, in the same district. One infant died ofecthyma, another of pemphigus gargrenosus, a third of herniacerebri, and a fourth from purulent ophthalmia. A child, agedthree years, died from her clothes taking fire ; two childrenfrom scalds, and a young woman from burns. A-charwomanwas suffocated when in a state of intoxication.Last week the births of 994 boys and 955 girls, in all 1949

children, were registered in London. In the ten correspondingweeks of the years 1850-59 the average number was 1595.

BOOKS ETC. RECEIVED.

Dr. Day’s Physiological Chemistry.Mr. Timbs’ Curiosities of Science.Dr. Kebbell on the Climate of Brighton.Mr. Sadler on Saline Water.Mr. Jas. Lees’ Six Months’ Seasons in the Tropics.Dr. Pirrie’s Surgery.Dr. Hartwig on the Sea and its Living Wonders.Dr. Gairdner on Gout.Mr. Travers’ Further Obsarvations in Surgery.Dr. Inman on Myalgia.Mr. Galloway’s First Step in Chemistry.Dr. Meigs on the Methods of Studying and Teaching Phy

siology.Dr. Meigs’ Description of a Deformed Fragmentary Huma

Skull.Mr. Hilles’ Essentials of Physiology.Rev. S. Haughton on the Healthy LTrine of Man.Rev. S. Haughton on Strychnine and Nicotine.Annual Report of Sir Jas. Murray’s Asylum for Lunatics.Report of the Medical Officer of Health for St. James’;

Westminster.Medical and Surgical Reporter.Chemical News.American Medical Monthly.Boston Medical and Surgical Journal.Ameriean Medical Times.

Births, Marriages, and Deaths.BIRTHS.

On the 2nd of Sept., at Fort Peddie, South Africa, the wifeof Henry Knaggs, Esq., M.B., Assistant-Surgeon Cape MountedRiflemen, of a daughter.On the llth ult., at Royal-terrace, Weymouth, the wife of

James Lithgow, M.D., of a daughter.

On the 17th ult., at Richmond, Surrey, the wife of ThomasDuncan, M. D., of a son.On the 18th ult., the wife of Edward Solly, Esq., F.R.S., of

a: daughter.On the 18th ult., at West Hartlepool, the wife of Riton Old-

ham, Esq., F.R.C.S., of a daughter.On the 21st ult., at Spenser-road, Hornsey New Town, Stoke

Newington, the wife of Thos. Horner, Esq., L.R.C.P.E., of ason.

On the 21st ult., at Hovingham, York, the wife of RichardGillard, Esq., M.R.C.S., of a son.On the 23rd ult., the wife of Holmes Coote, Esq., F.R.C.S.,

of New Bridge-street, of a son.On the 24th ult., at Rochester, the wife of John D. Brown,

M.D., of a daughter.On the 26th ult., at Metis, near Froome, Somerset, the wife

of Geo. Terry, Esq., M.R.C.S., of a son.

MARRIAGES.

On the 17th ult., at St. Leonard’s, Shoreditch, John Sutton,eldest son of John Sutton, Esq., M.R.C.S.E., Finsbury, to Re-becca, fourth surviving daughter of J. Whitmarsh, Esq., iVhit-marsh Lodge, Honiton.On the 25th ult., at All Siints Church, St. John’s Wood, W.

Crawford, Esq., M.B., Surgeon R.N., to Marian Catherine,only surviving daughter of the late Rev. John Stoddart, D.D.On the 27th ult., at Flitcham, Norfolk, Thos. P. Matthew,

Esq., Army Staff-Surgeon Major, to Emilie Frances, fifth

daughter of Dr. Young, late of Clapham-coirmon, Surrey.

DEATHS.

On the llth ult., at Malta, Martha, wife of Jas. E. Scott,M.D., Surgeon, Rifle Brigade.On the llth ult., at Malta, Jas. E. Montgomery, the infant

son of J. E. Scott, M.D., Surgeon, Rifle Brigade.On the 20th ult., at Tunbridge-wells, Richard Turner, Esq.,

M.R.C.S., aged 44.On the 25th ult., at Hampton Wiok, Georgina Annie, only

child of the late Staff-Surgeon W. D. Marchant, aged six yearsand a half.

MEDICAL DIARY OF THE WEEK.

MONDAY, Nov. 5.........-!

(ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL.—Operatioiis, 3 P.M.METROPOLITAN FREE HOSPITAL. — Operations,

2 P.M.ROYAL INSTITUTION. - 2 P.M. General MonthlyMeeting.

NATIONAL HOSPS?TAL TOE TUB PARALYSED AND

EPILEPTIC. — 4 p if. Clinical Lecture on " Epi--lepsy and Paralysis." By Dr. Brown-Séquard.ODONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.-8 P.3f.EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. - S P.M. liitrodue-

,’ tory Address by Dr. Babington, the President.—"On the Introduction of Syphilis into Europe,"’by Pro!essor of Edinburgh.

MEDICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.—8½ P.M. General

’ Meeting.—Dr. B. All. Richardson, " Contribu.tions towards a more perfect Clinical History of

Scarlet Fever."

I TUESDAY, Nov. 6 ...... GUY’S HOSPITAL.—Operations, 1½ P.M.WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL.—Operations, 2 p.M:.PATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.—8 P.M.

r

WEDNESDAY, Nov. 7...

MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL.—OPerations, 1 P.M.ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL.—Operations, 1 r.M.UNIVERSITY COLLERE HOSPITAL. - Operations,

2 P.M.ROYAL ORTHOPÆDIC HOSPITAL. - Operations, 2

P.M.

OBSTETRICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. — 8 F.N:. Dl’.Tyler Smith, "An Inquiry into the Correctness

! of the Doctrine of Witham Hunter in regard toRetroversion or Retroilexion of the Gravid

L Uterus."

I

THURSDAY, Nov. 8......ST. GEORGE’S HOSPITAL.—Operntions, 1 P.M.CENTRAL LONDON OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL.—J Operations, 1 P.M.LONDON HOSPITAL.—Operations 1½ P.M.GREAT NORTHERN HOSPITAL, KING’S CROSS.—

Operations, 2 P.M.

I FRIDAY, Nov. 9 .........

’ WESTMINSTER OrsTHALMic HOSPITAL. - Opera-tions, 1½ P.M.

SATURDAY, Nov, 10...

_______________

’ST. TitoMAS’s HOSPITAY.—Operations, 1 P.M.ST. BARTHOLOMEW’S HOSPITAL.—Operations, 1½

P.M.

KING’S COLLEGE HOSPITAL.—Operations, 1½ P.M.CHARING-CROSS HOSPITAL.—Operations, 2 P.M.