t h i n k p a r t s T h i n k T o r n o s

MedicalProven solutions in the medical sector

for over twenty years.

� Medical

dialogue which has been set up between com-

panies which design and produce products in

Medtech (e.g. implants for orthopedics, trauma,

spine, dentistry, tooling, etc.) and Tornos enables

us to have a better appreciation of our clients’

needs. in this way, we are able to define, develop

and propose optimum machine equipment, solu-

tions and machining processes.

Our end objective is to provide optimum manu-

facturing solutions which meet our clients’ expec-

tations, based around a productivity platform

defined by market segmentation.

a knowledge of the market and its needs enable

us to develop machines which are perfectly in

tune with the different sub-sections of this mar-

ket, which are : traumatology orthopedics area of the spine tooling dentistry …

The challenge Of The Medical indusTry…

�Medical

…is Our challenge

doctors

Tornosresearch

Manufacturers

Tornos have been pioneers in this sector for over

twenty years. By virtue of our developments and

practical expertise in the medical sector, we are in

a position to propose different machining options

for parts up to 32 mm, on our range of single-

spindle and multispindle turning machines.

competition means that Medtech manufacturers

and subcontractors are under ever-increasing-

pressure to reduce prices. This must not affect

zero defects which must be enforced. depend-

able and highly productive production methods

are paramount.

A challenge taken up by Tornos with its

machining solutions.

� Medical

Our TechnOlOgy aT yOur service…

… for all types of parts.

you make highly demanding products, Tornos

can offer you proven solutions within a very wide

range of parts. We are at your disposal to find

a tailor-made solution for your manufacturing

process. hundreds of Tornos turning machines

delivered in the Medtech sector produce parts in

a range of dimensions on site at our customers’

locations.

These are machined from a bar of material which

can range from 1 mm to 32 mm in diameter.

as far as the product is concerned, we offer

expert advice to guarantee you the best choice in

terms of kinematics, machining, equipment and

tooling performances. By virtue of our expertise

we have acquired in materials specific to this

field, (e.g. stainless steel for implants, titanium,

peek, biodegradable materials, etc.), we offer the

best tools and machining conditions to optimise

cycle times and increase productivity.

The Medtech sector has been enjoying a period

of continuous business growth for several years.

Technology is changing very quickly, r&d depart-

ments from leaders in the Medtech market and

other OeM are bringing new products onto the

market at an ever-increasing pace. new materials

and alloys, some of which prove very challenging

to work with, are appearing on the market. Man-

ufacturing and machining some parts, or even

certain groups of parts, can be a real challenge.

By virtue of their experience and expertise which

have been built up over more than fifteen years

working in this sector, Tornos develops products

which meet the needs of the market, high-

performance equipment in terms of machining

and reliability, new software developments, as

well as machine features and other programming

options in order to anticipate the needs of the

market and meet their customers’ expectations.

in the different sub-sections of Medtech (trauma,

spine, orthopaedics, dentistry, tooling, etc.),

requirements are not always the same.

The optimum machining method for this type of

part must therefore be selected.

Tornos is the world’s only manufacturer to offer

machining solutions dedicated to Medtech on

single- and multispindle turning machines for bar

diameters up to 32 mm (small and medium-sized).

Product ranges, their technical specifications and

their performances are dedicated to machining

parts of mid- to high-level complexity : Sliding headstock single-spindle turning

machines : DECO Sigma and DECO product

range "a". Multispindle fixed headstock turning

machines : MultiDECO or MultiAlpha range

(6 or 8 spindles).

By virtue of the decO concept, productivity

remains the number one usP at Tornos, who are

aiming to consolidate their position on the inter-

national automatic turning machine manufactur-

ers market.

Peripherals

adviceservices /support

customisedmachining Turn Key

�Medical

complete command of machining processes,

practical expertise built up over many years and

close collaboration with highly competent part-

ners in the Medtech sector (tooling, materials,

lubricants, peripheral equipment, etc.) enable us

to position ourselves as "solutions provider" on

this demanding market.

The Medtech market and sub-sections.

as far as dedicated solutions are concerned, it’s

important to know how to design and adapt

products to the type and dimensions of the parts

to be machined. The concept of product families

and lines that we manufacture is a benefit when

it comes to use by our customer base. Whether

it’s a question of kinematics or programming

tools, we always strive to standardise the use,

programming and settings of different products.

every machining operation, whether whirling

external and internal threads, tangential thread

milling, gear hobbing, drilling deep bores at high

pressure of up to 350 bar, stamping, shaping

using high-speed milling (e.g. Torx forming), is

possible on virtually all the products we offer

(single-spindle and multispindle). These opera-

tions are also possible during a counter operation

(second spindle), which very often means that

machining times for each operation at the bar

and in counter operation are evenly distributed

and well-balanced which in turn improves pro-

ductivity. Machining times are shortened consid-

erably, despite the extreme complexity of some

parts.

We also base our everyday operations on this

idea of real productivity in order to remain one

step ahead of the competition and offer solutions

which are perfectly suited to each requirement.

A tried and tested concept…

every one of your developments undergoes a

tough validation process at every stage of the

manufacturing and industrialisation process,

whatever the level of integration envisaged for

the final product. This process involves taking

several different parameters and their implica-

tions into account.

a Tried and TesTed cOncePT…

� Medical

a sOluTiOn fOr every TyPe Of ParT…

DECO 10a

DECO 13a

DECO 20a / 26a

example : maxillofacial screws, micro screws and dental implants

example : trauma and orthopaedic screws with complex dental

implants and abutments

example : trauma orthopaedic and spine (mono and poly axial)

screws, nails, hip screws.

Maxillofacial screws Humeral locking screws Schanz screws Guide wires Dental implants Dental abutments Caps / screws Drill / reamers Sleeves / connectors

Bone screws Cannulated / corticalis screws Corticalis / malleolar screws Humeral locking screws Locking screws Trocar Connecting rods Drill sleeves Distraction / compression rods Dental implants Angled abutments Drill / reamers

Cannulated screws Nails Lag / hip screws Mono / poly axial screws Spine hooks Poly axial heads Connecting rods Tooling Nuts

�Medical

… fOr Machining yOur ParTs WiThOuT

secOndary OPeraTiOn

Sigma 8

Sigma 20

MultiAlpha 8x20

example : screws for implants, covers, simple abutments

example : screws for implants, covers, simple abutments

example : Poly axial head for spine, orthopaedic nut, screw

Dental abutments Caps / screws Sleeves / connectors

Bone screws Locking screws Corticalis screws Connecting rods Nails Nuts Tooling

Polyaxial heads (spine) Bone screws Implants

� Medical

sOluTiOn PrOvider

every day we work on making sure you can reach

your manufacturing, productivity and machined

component quality goals.

Pressure to lower prices, ever-tighter deadlines,

small production series and numerous set ups are

the kind of challenge you face every day to stay

ahead of the competition. Tornos can offer you

the right solutions to make this happen.

Machining without secondary operation We develop tailor-made kinematic machines

which mean you can increase your

productivity. We can offer you tooling which is perfectly

suited to your product and materials. We take care of the whole spectrum :

machine-tools-cutting liquids-materials to

optimise machining conditions. We reduce set up times with rapid program-

mable changeover tool systems.

Turning Thread-whirling process

Milling Boring Stamping

Chip conveyors

Bar-feeders

High pressure pumps

Machining andprocessing

Oil and air filters

Measuring µ

Burring

Manipulating

Pallettising

Part-feedersCleaning

cannulated screw (trauma) in titanium – 380 sec.

�

Z1

X1

S6

Y1S3

Y2

S2

X3

S4

Z3

Y4

S5 X4

X2

S5

Z4S1

T12

T21

T31

T32

T33

T41

T53

T51

T42

T42

T43

T15

T13

T14T23

T24

T15

T12

T21

T31

T32

T33

T41

T53

T51

T42

T42

T43

T15

T13

T14T23

T24

T15

T12

T21

T31

T32

T33

T41

T53

T51

T42

T42

T43

T15

T13

T14T23

T24

T15

Medical

PrOducTs PerfecTly suiTed

TO yOur reQuireMenTs

Products perfectly suited to your

requirements We are experts in complex machining

processes. We develop software functions for machining

complex shapes. We design equipment which is specific to your

own production requirements. We develop specific cutting tools and other

tooling in close collaboration with partners

skilled in the field. We can offer peripheral equipment perfectly

suited to your needs (safety, handling, measur-

ing, operator and environmental protection).

Optimum productivity We develop new machining processes on

multispindle turning machines to reach an

extremely high level of productivity. for parts in the Medtech sector, we also adapt

multispindle products to be able to run spe-

cific operations (e.g. thread-whirling process,

high pressure drilling, internal and external

micro-milling). We adapt peripheral equipment (e.g. handling,

measuring, swarf processing) as well as all

other general client parameters which are key

to productivity.

dental abutment (for implant) in titanium

10 Medical

One PrOgraMMing sOfTWare

fOr all PrOducTs

graphic machining simulation and assistant graphic showing

programming programmed contour.

One of the many benefits offered by Tornos is the

development and manufacturing of single-spindle

and multispindle products, all programmed using

the same TB-decO software.

This technological expertise means that custom-

ers can benefit from a single and straightforward

programming of their machine park, can reduce

the set up time of their machines and whose

employees are able to work on different types of

products.

The TB-decO software is run on a user-friendly

Windows environment. There is the option of set-

ting up interfaces with internationally recognised

caM systems. TB-decO is a tool which benefits

from the power and progress in i.T. while contin-

uing to use standard isO programming language

which is familiar to operators.

TB-decO, a software which is continuously evolv-

ing through updates which put all the latest soft-

ware developments at the customer’s disposal.

TB-decO, the one and only system which man-

ages all the axes of the machine and the different

tool systems simultaneously.

11Medical

exaMPles Of ParTs

1� Medical

Medical aPPlicaTiOns

Maxillofacial, orthopaedics, trauma, hip screws

Titanium320 secs.

Titanium

Titanium

Titanium145 secs.

Titanium

Titanium

Titanium

Titanium206 secs.

steel 316 l

steel 316 l254 secs.

steel 316 l125 secs.

steel 316 l

Titanium306 secs.

steel 316 l

steel 316 l148 secs.

Titanium

Titanium

Titanium375 secs.

1�Medical

Medical aPPlicaTiOns

Mono and poly axial spine screws

Titanium

Titanium

steel 316 l

Titanium

Titanium

TitaniumTitanium

steel / titanium Titanium

1� Medical

Medical aPPlicaTiOns

long parts

steel 316 l295 secs.

Titaniumsteel 316 l267 secs.

Titanium720 secs.

steel 316 l220 secs.

1�Medical

Medical aPPlicaTiOns

implants / dental components

Titanium130 secs.

Titanium360 secs.

Titanium95 secs.

Titanium115 secs.

stainless steel 316 l145 secs.

Titanium280 secs.

Titanium125 secs.

Titanium98 secs.

Titanium110 secs.

Titanium105 secs.

stainless steel 316 l80 secs.

stainless steel 316 l140 secs.

stainless steel 316 l140 secs.

Titanium186 secs.

stainless steel 316 l120 secs.

stainless steel 316 l55 secs.

Titanium250 secs.

Titanium Titanium Titanium

1� Medical

Machining TechnOlOgy

external thread-whirling process (main operations and counter operations)

The machining of threads for medical and dental

implants requires an outstanding level of preci-

sion, respect of the shape of the thread and the

finish, as well as burr-free machining. several fac-

tors can influence the end quality of the thread.

a pioneer in this sector, Tornos is the first com-

pany to have produced and controlled the

thread-whirling process on a sliding head turning

machine. Our experience allows us to control the

design of cutting tools which are specific to this

operation. for the customer, the benefit comes

in the form of having one single partner for the

machining process and technical support.

Why the thread-whirling process ?

Materials which prove difficult to machine, such

as titanium and stainless steel for implants,

require cutting conditions which are perfect and

adapted to the needs.

The shapes of threads used for implants are gen-

erally specific to this sector and must be totally

burr-free.

Once it has been machined, the thread needs to

be both extremely sharp and tough enough to

allow for a perfect implantation into the bone

material and which is without risk to the patient.

The thread-whirling process uses cutting speeds

which are greater than traditional threading

operations. When cutting stops in the material,

the very high rotational speeds mean that

the swarf and its shape are kept under control.

This way, swarf removal is straightforward.

high pressure lubrication is used to direct the

flow of swarf.

sharpening device

Blade holder head

centering device

circular blades

1�

z

sc

x

x

c

s

z

c

s

c

Medical

Machining TechnOlOgy

internal thread-whirling process (main operations and counter operations)

Benefits of the process during the thread-whirling process, the exter-

nal thread is does not require a prior turning

operation for the majority of parts (enhanced

productivity and improved rigidity of bar). low cutting forces due to different cutting

edges and tool rotation speeds. superior general quality of finish compared to

standard threading processes. Threading in a single cut. Threads go in and come out "whole", no

tapered threads. Perfect swarf control (fine particles) by virtue

of adapted cutting speed and cutting lubrica-

tion on unit (pressure 20 bar). Tool lifetime is extended and tools can be

resharpened (regular profiled blades / approx.

40 possible resharpenings) Machining technology with regular-profiled

blades or disposable inserts. cutting tools are pre-set before entering

machine and rapid assembly / disassembly of

tool holder head. Thread size is controlled by turning machine’s

digital axes (diameter / length / tool centering).

depth is controlled during internal thread-

whirling process in blind bores. Thread-whirling tools adjusted with tool holder

head inclined depending on angle of thread

(up to 24 degrees). length of thread-whirling process up to

200 mm depending on type turning machine. no burrs outside or inside threads. external thread-whirling process at the bar and

in counter operation in 'masked time' mode

(deco 20a/26a). internal thread-whirling at the bar and in

counter operation in 'masked time' mode.

spindle 80’000 r p m

Tool Ø 1 mm

Principle diagram for internal thread-whirling process

external thread-whirling processin counter operation internal thread-whirling tool

1� Medical

Machining TechnOlOgy

Boring / drilling deep bores at high pressure 120 / 350 bar

using a high pressure cutting liquid (up to

350 bar) for boring deep bores is often essen-

tial to guarantee cost-effective and produc-

tive machining of different components in the

Medtech sector (chamfered screws, hip screws,

tooling, etc.).

Many implants on the market require transverse

bores. in general, the ratio between the drill-

ing diameter and the length to be machined is

high (drilling length up to 50-60 x the diameter),

depending on shape of part.

Materials to be machined, in particular stainless

steels, titanium and other steel alloys require

machines, tool systems and high-performance

peripheral equipment which offer the user differ-

ent options depending on requirements.

high-pressure deep drilling devices (120 and

350 bar) can be adapted to suit the majority of

our products. Our turning machines are equipped

with a standard interface and specific tool holder

per type to ensure they can be adapted to the

product very quickly and simply.

Our kinematics are specially adapted to the fit-

ting of these options, taking into consideration

the space available for the different tool shapes

(no risk of collision). generally, the kinematics

of decO turning machines also mean that main

operations (bar) or counter operations can be car-

ried out for machining in 'masked time' mode.

in principle, all Tornos single-spindle and multi-

spindle turning machines can be adapted.

1�Medical

Machining TechnOlOgy

Boring / drilling deep bores at high pressure 120 / 350 bar

TECHniCAl SPECifiCATiOnS 120 bar 350 bar

Oil tray capacity litres 80 80

Motorised pump flow cm3 10 5

Max power kW 4 4

number of exits (valve actuation) 4 4

Programming of machining pressure by the part program M620-M623 M620-M623

exit pressure min-max adjustable bar 40 170

flow min-max l / min 5-11.5 3-12

Min boring diameter mm 2.50 0.75

Max boring diameter mm 12 3

TyPiCAl ExAMPlES Of CuSTOMEr APPliCATiOnS 120 bar 350 bar

Material titanium grade vi titanium grade vi

Boring diameter mm 2.93 0.8

Machining depth without de-coring mm 152 50

(52 x diameter) (62 x diameter)

BEnEfiTS

Part is machined from start to finish on the turning machine in a single fixture setting.

improved productivity (total cycle time)

no burrs

straight plane (very little deviation of drill bit)

deco 20 / 26a high-pressure rotating drilling spindle up to 120 bar

(higher cutting speed and eccentric drilling possible).

�0 Medical

Machining TechnOlOgy

Machining Torx shapes and other specific high-speed milling applications

Medical applications occasionally require mill-

ing / drilling with extremely small-sized tools.

high-speed spindles are also key to achieving

optimum cutting parameters and the required

finishes.

high-frequence spindles enable rotation speeds

of up to 80’000 rpm to be reached.

very small tool dimensions often involve several

machining passes for roughing and finishing

work.

Torx shapes require such machining to ensure

precision and finish quality.

These operations can be carried out on the turn-

ing machines both as main operation and as

counter operation in 'masked time' mode.

The axes can be interpolated with one another

and synchronised with the c axes on the spindles,

thus enabling each special shape to be turned

accurately.

The same high-frequence spindles are used for

internal thread-whirling operations and other

end / transverse operations which require high

cutting speeds.

Benefits Perfect for use with small-sized tools. can be adapted to suit all products in main

and counter operation. suitable for confined spaces. straightforward rotational speed setting with

potentiometer. cutting speed adapted for increased produc-

tivity.

�1Medical

Machining TechnOlOgy

Machining specifi c shapes with the stamping process

for parts used in orthopaedics, trauma, spine,

tooling and parts such as dental implants, stamp-

ing operations are often required.

We are experts in this process on Tornos turning

machines by a virtue of our wide-ranging experi-

ence in customer applications in this sector as

well as an in-depth knowledge of the necessary

tooling for such an operation which can require

considerable cutting force. spindles (main and

counter spindles) must be able to resist the axial

cutting forces of this process.

different solutions are available including fi xed

stamp, rotational stamp and driven stamp.

various specifi c supports and stamp holders are

available depending on customer requirement.

Benefi ts Machining without secondary operation. stamping operation can be positioned at an

angle with other references on the workpiece. can use other tools for burring after stamping

operation.

�� Medical

Machining TechnOlOgy

Milling and multi-axis interpolations for machining of complex shapes

some components, especially for spine, nails

and dental implants applications, require specific

equipment to produce complex forms, usually by

milling.

Tornos is continually developing new options

which are suited to the needs of the customer.

alongside this, we are also developing customer

specific macros to make the programming of

complex contours more straightforward.

These operations can take place either at the

bar-turning or counter operation stage, usually

in 'masked time'.

simultaneous 3 or even 4-axis interpolations are

carried out to render these specific machining

operations possible, always with the aim of fin-

ishing the part without the need for a secondary

operation.

depending on quality parameters, machined

shapes in materials which are difficult to work in

(e.g. titanium and stainless steels for implants)

often require rough finishing before being

finished in successive operational stages.

The TB-decO software’s simple programming

and the many options available make different

operations considerably more straightforward.

Benefits Machining highly complex parts without sec-

ondary operation. straightforward programming of shapes with

specific macros (automatic calculations of axis

movements and incremental program steps). counter operations generally carried out in

'masked time' mode. Milling units are mechanically set for angular

tool positioning depending on part.

��Medical

Tool pre-set on Tornos pre-setting

equipment or adapted to suit customer’s

own pre-setting equipment

The pre-setting equipment is an essential tool if

overall productivity is to increase and set up time

reduced. The full range of Tornos single-spindle

and multispindle turning machines is designed to

enable tools to be pre-configured ("pre-setting")

in 'masked time' mode.

system measurements can be taken in mm

and / or in inches.

Component conveyor belt

Parts can be transported outside machining area

without risk of shock. can then be interfaced

with other component handling / gripper systems.

Parts retrieval systems by handling (handler)

and pallet (pick and place system)

enables machined components to be placed on

standard pallet systems. specially designed to

optimise production in the medical and den-

tal sectors, where parts are usually of the same

shape and size.

PeriPherals

Wide range of peripherals available depending on market needs

�� Medical

fire protection systems

depending on the material being machined

(mainly titanium), the medical and dental sectors

must be equipped with fire extinguishing sys-

tems.

This system operated with two independent

systems which are actuated when flames are

detected or when the temperature exceeds a cer-

tain level.

co2 extinguishing is a "clean" solution which

enables production to be started up again imme-

diately.

Oil cooling / heating device

The system is equipped with two functions :

a) cooling the cutting liquid to maintain a con-

stant temperature inside the machine and

achieve an extremely high level of precision

through thermal stability.

b) oil heating system which rapidly warms up the

cutting liquid when turning machine starts up

and then stabilises the temperature.

The warming up time of the turning machine

is considerably reduced.

a timer delay system enables the system to be

turned on before the operator starts work.

PeriPherals

Wide range of peripherals available depending on market needs

��Medical

interfaces for measuring system and

automatic corrections of machined dimen-

sions (off-line)

enables dimensions to be measured automatically

(diameters and lengths) on the turning machine

during production. an interface transfers the cor-

rection values to the machine control unit directly

from the customer’s measuring system.

Oil mist and fume extractors

different systems are available to extract oil mists

and dry fumes during machining.

a braking device blocks fume and mist extraction

if a fire protection system is triggered.

Swarf conveyors

different conveyor systems are available depend-

ing on customer requirements and types swarf.

There are standard conveyor systems for long and

thin swarf (belt or scraper conveyors), as well as

automatic systems for all types of swarf (short

and long) with cutting liquid filtration.

There are also options available for fine swarf

filtering and paper filter or decantation systems

(for brass, aluminium, titanium or stainless steel

swarf).

The reputation of Tornos is based on its inno-

vative solutions. Our priority : develop prod-

ucts which meet your requirements in terms of

machining functionality and capabilities.

any necessary peripherals can be adapted at any

time on our products.

Tornos is extremely active in the area of devel-

opment and collaborates closely with numerous

suppliers in the tooling, peripherals, equipment,

cutting oils and materials, with the aim of offer-

ing its customers machining solutions which are

tested and adapted to the different requirements

of the market.

PeriPherals

Wide range of peripherals available depending on market needs

�� Medical

Automotive

Medical

Electronics

Watchmaking & Micromechanics

TOrnOs PrOvides sOluTiOns

TO high-TechnOlOgy indusTries,

in The fOllOWing secTOrs in ParTicular :

edit

ion

4 /

20

07

TOrNOS S.A.

rue industrielle 111

ch-2740 Moutier

Tel. +41 (0)32 494 44 44

fax +41 (0)32 494 49 03

contact@tornos.com

www.tornos.com

TOrNOS-TECHNOLOGIES

DEuTSCHLAND GmbH

Karlsruher str. 38

d-75179 Pforzheim

Tel. +49 (0)7231 / 910 70

fax +49 (0)7231 / 910 750

contact@tornos.de

TOrNOS TECHNOLOGIES

FrANCE

Boîte postale 330

st-Pierre en faucigny

f-74807 la roche

s / foron cedex

Tel. +33 (0)4 50 038 333

fax +33 (0)4 50 038 907

contact@tornos.fr

TOrNOS TECHNOLOGIES

IBErICA

Pol. ind. el congost

avda. st Julia, 206 nave 8

e-08403 granollers

Tel. +34 93 846 59 43

fax +34 93 849 66 00

commercial.tti@tornos.com

TOrNOS TECHNOLOGIES

ITALIA SrL

via cesare Pavese 21

i-20090 Opera / Mi

Tel. +39 02 57 68 15 01

fax +39 02 57 68 15 230

contact@tornos.it

TOrNOS TECHNOLOGIES

uK LTD

Tornos house

Whitwick Business Park

coalville

uK-leicestershire le67 4JQ

Tel. +44 (0) 1530 513100

fax +44 (0) 1530 814212

sales@tornos.co.uk

TOrNOS SHANGHAI

rEPrESENTATIvE OFFICE

Tower B, Office 512-513

far east international Plaza

no. 319 xianxia road

cn-shanghai 200335

Tel. +86 21-62351235

fax +86 21-62351938

china.contact@tornos.com

TOrNOS TECHNOLOGIES

ASIA LIMITED

unit 4, g/f, Transport city

Building

1-7 shing Wan road

Tai Wai, shatin

n.T., hong Kong

Tel. +852 2691 2633

fax +852 2691 2133

asiapacific.contact@tornos.comTOrNOS TECHNOLOGIES

uS COrPOrATION

70 Pocono road

P.O. Box 325

us-Brookfield cT 06804

Tel. +1 203 775-4319

fax +1 203 775-4281

contact@tornosusa.com

Conforms to the European CE / CEM Safety StandardsThis document is based on information available at the time of publication. While every effort has been made to be accurate, the information contained herein does not purport to cover all details or variations in hardware and software, nor to provide for every possible contingency in connection with installation, operation and maintenance. TOrnOs s.a. assumes no obligation of notice to holders of this document with respect to changes subsequently made. TOrnOs s.a. makes no representation or warranty, expressed, implied, or statutory with respect to, and assumes no responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, sufficiency or useful-ness of the information contained herein. no warranties of merchantability nor fitness for purpose shall apply.