Mediatraining GEPRA ENG

7/30/2019 Mediatraining GEPRA ENG

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Ia DadunashviliIndependent ConsultantNovember, 2012

Media Seminar

Illegal MigrationGEPRA, EU TIG


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Main Trends of Global Labor Market

Many people that have reached the employment age either

cannot find any job in their own country, or cannot find a job

that would provide them with an adequate income to sustain

themselves and their families

At the same time other countries lack labor force in different

sectors of economy

Factors that trigger labor migration include demographic

changes and socio-economic and political crises


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Illegal Migration

Migrants that have entered a foreign country illegally(smuggled and/or with false documents) face arrest

and/or deportation


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Georgian Migration Statistics

According to the research conducted by the ILO Migration

Project in Georgia, migration saldo for 1990-2008is 935 000 that have emigrated from Georgia


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Main destination countries for Georgian migrants

Turkey

Greece

UAE Russian Federation

EU countries, especially: Germany,

Austria, Italy, Spain USA


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Risks associated with illegal migration

In the EU countries (inter alia):

Arrest

Deportation

Entry ban from 5 to 10 years


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How can migrants protect themselves?

Keep one copy of your travel documents in the safe place and another

copy at home with your family or friends that you trust.

Remember the name , address and telephone number of your employer

Safely keep the addresses and contact information of other migrants

travelling with you

Read information (internet; travel guide) about your destination

country

Try to learn simple words in the language of your destination

country, as well as about their culture and norms


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Ways of Legal Migration

Qualified workers/specialists programs

Family Reunification

Marriage

Immigration Visa Lottery

Emigration based on ethnic origin


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Necessary documents for legal migration

Employment Contract

Work permit

Work Visa


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Documents Required for Visa Application

Passport

Invitation Letter

Filled out visa application

Photo

Copy of the return ticket

Hotel reservation

Travel insurance

Proof of funds necessary for travel


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Risks Association with Illegal

Migration

An employer cab abuse the illegal status of the

migrant and with the purpose of laborexploitation use

Physical

Psychological

Verbal

Violence against him or her


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Threat

An employer with the purposes of labor exploitation of

illegal migrant can

Accusation

Blackmailing with disclosing him/her to the police for

false documents

Blackmailing with arrest and deportation


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Coercion

With the purpose of coercion into labor exploitation

the employer can abuse the status of vulnerability ofthe illegal migrant by:

Limiting freedom of movement

Limiting food

Blackmailing with threats to the family left at home


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Violence

Physical and psychological

Verbal

Humiliation

Social Isolation


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Exploitation

Debt bondage

Human trafficking

Slavery

Slavery like conditions


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Forced Labor

ILO Forced Labor Convention1930 (No. 29):

the work or service that is exacted

under the menace of a penalty and is undertaken involuntarily


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Human Trafficking

Palermo Protocol, 2000

the recruitment, transportation, transfer,

harbouring or receipt of persons, by means ofthe threat or use of force or other forms of

coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of

the abuse of power or of a position of

vulnerability or of the giving or receiving ofpayments or benefits to achieve the consent of a

person having control over another person, forthe purpose of exploitation.


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Infringement of the freedom of movement

Limiting the freedom of movement of a labor migrant is one of

the most common forms of coercion

Because of an illegal status the migrant cannot protest against bad

working conditions, which makes his situation dependent on

the employer


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Myths Busted

Returning migrants often either describe their experience abroad

in pretty colors, or avoid talking about negative experiencealtogether


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Global Statistics of Forced Labor and Human Trafficking (in

millions)

ILO Global Report, 2009

Victims of Forced Labor: 12.3

Exploited by private parties: 9.8

Human trafficking with the purpose of labor

exploitation: 2.4

Forced labor by state or military structures : 2.5


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Volume of illegal income from THB and FL

Global report on profit received from labour trafficking:

billion USD, out of which:

Industrial Countries -

Developing countries


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Geographical Distribution

Asia and Pacific 9,490,000

Latin America and Caribbean 1,320,000

Sub-Saharan Africa660,000

Industrial countries360,000

Middle East and North Africa260,000

Developing Countries 210,000


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Forms of Trafficking

43%Commercial sexual

exploitation

32%Forcedeconomic

exploitation

25%Mixtureof both,

undetermined


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By sex:

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Forced sexual

exploitation

Forced

economic

exploitation

% Women and girlsMen and boys


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Economic sectors where forced labor mostly

occurs

Textile, clothing, leather and shoe industry

Construction

House labor

Health sector

Hotel, restaurant and tourism business

Agriculture


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Relevant ILO conventions

Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No.

29)

Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No.

105)

The Migration for EmploymentConvention, 1949 (No. 97)


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Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975 (No.

143)

Private Employment Agencies Convention, 1997 (No. 181)

Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81)

Labour Inspection (Agriculture) Convention, 1969 (No. 129)

Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975 (No.

143)

Private Employment Agencies Convention, 1997 (No. 181)

Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81)

Labour Inspection (Agriculture) Convention, 1969 (No. 129)


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Relevant ILO publications

Guide to private employment agencies

Trafficking for FL. How to monitor the

recruitment of migrant workers

HT and FL. Guidance for Legislation and Law

enforcement

Training modules for labour inspection on THB and FL


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Thank you!

[email protected]

Mediatraining GEPRA ENG

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