Media vma anglais_final
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Transcript of Media vma anglais_final
New research explains autistics’
exceptional visual abilitiesexceptional visual abilitiesMapping data shows enhanced activity in the
“perception” part of the brain
Fabienne Samson, Laurent Mottron, Isabelle SoulièresFabienne Samson, Laurent Mottron, Isabelle Soulières& Thomas Zeffiro
Enhanced visual functioning in autism: an ALE meta-analysis Human Brain Mapping
Superior visual ability in autism
• At least 1 out of 2 excel• At least 1 out of 2 excelin visuo-spatial tasks
• Some will develop exceptionalabilities in 3D drawing
Enhanced perception in autismEnhanced perception in autism
suggests that the brain of autistic
individuals processes visual
information differentlyinformation differently
What is going on in autistics’ What is going on in autistics’
brain that confer an advantage
in perception tasks?
What is perception ?
• Processes by which information is recorded by the brainthe brain
• Brain regions involved in visual perception and in the control of thoughts and actions
Quantitative meta-analysis
• Synthesis of independent research results
• Reveals brain areas showing consistent activation across studies for specific task or stimulus
• Can be used to compare patterns of activity between groups
Our study
• Meta-analysis of 26 neuroimaging studies (1995 – 2009) where visual information was (1995 – 2009) where visual information was presented to a total of 357 autistics and 370 non-autistics.
• Tasks include• Tasks include
• Face processing
• Object processing
• Reading
A superior use of visual brain
AUTISTICS > NON AUTISTICS NON AUTISTICS > AUTISTICSNON AUTISTICS > AUTISTICS
Plan and control thoughts and actions
Detection, identification, manipulation of visual information
Enhanced perception in autism
No matter what the task is, autistics willuse visual areas of the brain to a greateruse visual areas of the brain to a greater
extent than non autistics
Face processing ReadingObjects
A superior use of regions dedicated
to visual expertise
FACES OBJECTS READINGFACES OBJECTS READING
Fusiform gyrus
Atypical visual expertise in autism
• Brain areas associated with domain-specific expertise are more active and distributedexpertise are more active and distributed
• E.g.: Face processing regions are the most active! Face perception is atypical, but not impairedimpaired
A superior role of perception in
intelligence
• General functional reorganization of the brain in favor of pattern detection and brain in favor of pattern detection and manipulation system (e.g. mental rotation)
• Consistent with enhanced visuo-spatial abilities
• Autistics perform successfully, albeit in their own way, tasks involving frontal areas in typical individuals
Implications for
understanding autism
• Autism could be described as a perceptual superiority (unique) rather than social deficit (poorly specific)
Implications for
helping & educating autistics
• Building on autistics’ perceptual ability in • Building on autistics’ perceptual ability in teaching rather than imposing same information processing as in non-autistics
• E.g.: Exposition to visual information (written material)(written material)