MEDIA CLIPPINGS CSP2016 - Control Arms€¦ · MEDIA CLIPPINGS CSP2016 world, as have images of...

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MEDIA CLIPPINGS CSP2016 http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/08/oxfam-uk-denial-saudi-arms-sales-160823192547697.html Oxfam: UK 'in denial' over Saudi arms sales Group accuses UK government of being in "disarray" over selling of arms to Saudi Arabia for potential use in Yemen war. Macdonald, left, with Emmanuel E Imohe, president of the Arms Trade Treaty, at the Geneva conference [EPA] An international aid organisation has accused British politicians of being in "denial and disarray" over the selling of arms to Saudi Arabia for potential use in the war in Yemen. Oxfam said on Tuesday that the UK was violating the International Arms Trade Treaty, which regulates the transfer of conventional arms to ensure there are no violations of international humanitarian law. "UK arms and military support are fuelling a brutal war in Yemen, harming the very people the Arms Trade Treaty is designed to protect," Penny Lawrence, Oxfam UK deputy chief executive, told a conference in Geneva. "It has misled its own parliament about its oversight of arms sales and its international credibility is in jeopardy as it commits to action on paper but does the opposite in reality." Governments who sign the arms treaty are obliged to review their weapon sales and ensure that they are not being used for human rights violations. Anna Macdonald, the director of the Control Arms Secretariat campaign group, said the war's effect on the civilian population in Yemen means "no arms sales should be going ahead to any warring party" in the conflict. "We are very concerned that the UK government continues to authorise arms sales to Saudi Arabia and its coalition partners at a time when this war is raging on and there is a very high risk that the weapons will be used against civilians," Macdonald told Al Jazeera. According to the campaign group, the UK authorised an arms licence to Saudi Arabia worth $4bn in 2015. Earlier this year, the British government said it was confident that Saudi Arabia's actions in Yemen did not violate standards set by the treaty. However, it later withdrew that statement, saying it could not verify such a claim, but that it had not been a deliberate attempt to mislead parliamentarians. "Countless well-respected lawyers have now provided evidence that shows that the risk [of violating humanitarian law] is extremely high and that the UK has flouted its own national laws and international law," Macdonald said. A non-governmental organisation, according to Macdonald, has now taken out a judicial review to attempt to force the UK to "reverse its decision" on arms sales to Saudi Arabia. Yemen descended into chaos after the 2012 removal of long-time president Ali Abdullah Saleh, whose forces are now fighting alongside Shia Houthi rebels. Security deteriorated further after the Houthis swept into Sanaa and pushed south, forcing the government of Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi to flee into exile in March last year.

Transcript of MEDIA CLIPPINGS CSP2016 - Control Arms€¦ · MEDIA CLIPPINGS CSP2016 world, as have images of...

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http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/08/oxfam-uk-denial-saudi-arms-sales-160823192547697.html Oxfam: UK 'in denial' over Saudi arms sales

Group accuses UK government of being in "disarray" over selling of arms to Saudi Arabia for

potential use in Yemen war.

Macdonald, left, with Emmanuel E Imohe, president of the Arms Trade Treaty, at the Geneva conference [EPA] An international aid organisation has accused British politicians of being in

"denial and disarray" over the selling of arms to Saudi Arabia for potential use in the war in Yemen.

Oxfam said on Tuesday that the UK was violating the International Arms Trade Treaty, which regulates the transfer of conventional arms to ensure there are no violations of

international humanitarian law.

"UK arms and military support are fuelling a brutal war in Yemen, harming the very people the Arms Trade

Treaty is designed to protect," Penny Lawrence, Oxfam UK deputy chief executive, told a conference in Geneva.

"It has misled its own parliament about its oversight of arms sales and its international credibility is in jeopardy as it commits to action on paper but does the opposite in reality."

Governments who sign the arms treaty are obliged to review their weapon sales and ensure that they are not

being used for human rights violations.

Anna Macdonald, the director of the Control Arms Secretariat campaign group, said the war's effect on the

civilian population in Yemen means "no arms sales should be going ahead to any warring party" in the conflict.

"We are very concerned that the UK government continues to authorise arms sales to Saudi Arabia and its coalition partners at a time when this war is raging on and there is a very high risk that the weapons will be

used against civilians," Macdonald told Al Jazeera.

According to the campaign group, the UK authorised an arms licence to Saudi Arabia worth $4bn in 2015.

Earlier this year, the British government said it was confident that Saudi Arabia's actions in Yemen did not

violate standards set by the treaty. However, it later withdrew that statement, saying it could not verify such a claim, but that it had not been a deliberate attempt to mislead parliamentarians.

"Countless well-respected lawyers have now provided evidence that shows that the risk [of violating

humanitarian law] is extremely high and that the UK has flouted its own national laws and international law," Macdonald said.

A non-governmental organisation, according to Macdonald, has now taken out a judicial review to attempt

to force the UK to "reverse its decision" on arms sales to Saudi Arabia.

Yemen descended into chaos after the 2012 removal of long-time president Ali Abdullah Saleh, whose

forces are now fighting alongside Shia Houthi rebels.

Security deteriorated further after the Houthis swept into Sanaa and pushed south, forcing the government of

Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi to flee into exile in March last year.

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In 2015, Saudi Arabia formed a coalition of Arab states to fight the Houthis.

As of January 2016, 2,800 civilians had been killed by the fighting, with 8,100 casualties overall, according to the UN.

The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights has estimated that coalition air strikes caused almost two-

thirds of reported civilian deaths, while the Houthis have been accused of causing mass civilian casualties due to a siege of Taiz, Yemen's third-largest city.

http://www.france24.com/en/20160823-arms-trade-france-yemen-saudi-arabia-att-treaty-human-

rights Pressure mounts on Western powers to halt arms sales to Saudi Arabia

© Mohammed Huwais, AFP | Yemenis inspect the damage following an air strike by the Saudi-led coalition in the capital Sanaa, on February 27, 2016

Text by Benjamin DODMAN

Latest update : 2016-08-23

As a UN conference on the arms trade kicked off in Geneva on Monday,

France, Britain and the United States came under fire from NGOs for selling weapons to Saudi Arabia, which is waging a controversial campaign against Houthi rebels in Yemen.

The Swiss city is hosting the second conference on the UN-backed Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), which came into force in 2014 to lay out new rules governing the international arms trade. Advocacy groups are urging

signatories to keep their commitments under the treaty, which requires states to block arms deals if there are grounds for believing the weapons will be used against civilians. Control Arms, a coalition of NGOs, called on France, Britain and the United States on Monday to halt sales

to Saudi Arabia over its actions in Yemen, saying the trio was guilty of “the worst kind of hypocrisy”. All three countries have signed the treaty, though the US Congress has refused to ratify it. By continuing to sell weapons to Saudi Arabia, which has waged a 17-month-long campaign against a Shiite

Houthi insurgency in Yemen, the three Western countries “are violating [the treaty] with impunity”, said Control Arms director Anna Macdonald. "Every day, we are seeing the devastating impact of the sale of arms and ammunition for use on civilians in

Yemen,” Macdonald said in a statement, accusing the governments in Paris, London and Washington of "flouting international law in plain sight by continuing to sell billions of dollars worth of deadly weapons to

Saudi Arabia". ‘Yemen is in flames’ Saudi Arabia and its regional allies have faced fierce criticism over their deadly offensive against the Houthi rebels. Medical charity Doctors Without Borders (MSF), whose Yemeni facilities have been repeatedly hit

by airstrikes, has described the Saudi-led coalition bombings as “indiscriminate”. Earlier this year, a United Nations panel investigating the Saudi-led bombing campaign sent a 51-page report to the Security Council that was leaked to the press. It uncovered “widespread and systematic” attacks

on civilian targets in violation of international humanitarian law.

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ARMS SALES FRANCE’S NEW EL DORADO, BUT AT WHAT COST?

In February, the UN secretary-general,Ban Ki-moon, said Security

Council members such as France had a duty to stop the flow of weapons to Riyadh-led forces and help secure peace.’

“Yemen is in flames and coalition airstrikes in particular continue to

strike schools, hospitals, mosques and civilian infrastructure,” Ban said. “We need states that are party to [the] arms trade treaty to set an example in fulfilling one of the treaty’s

main purposes – controlling arms flows to actors that may use them in ways that breach international humanitarian law.”

ATT violations Brian Wood, the head of Arms Control and Human Rights at Amnesty International, said the UN panel’s

findings established beyond any doubt that weapons were indeed being used against civilians in Yemen. “Targets of Saudi bombings include markets, schools, hospitals and gatherings such as weddings,” he told FRANCE 24. “So there are civilian casualties involved and states should suspend the sale of weapons that

might be used in Yemen – by that I mean aircraft that can fly this distance and can deliver bombs, for example.” Wood said the timing of arms deals was also significant in determining whether the ATT had been violated.

“Our starting point is March 2015, when the fighting in Yemen escalated,” he said, citing the UK’s decision to sell air-to-surface ammunition to Saudi Arabia late last year as a flagrant violation of the treaty. Regarding France’s sale of multi-purpose helicopters to Riyadh, agreed in June 2015, Wood said the deal

was “possibly illegal” if the evidence showed that the hardware might be used in Yemen for aerial bombing. More generally, he dismissed claims by Western governments that they had improved the vetting of arms deals amid the worsening conflict in Yemen, saying: “We’ve seen no evidence that supports the thesis

according to which there has been a change in arms trade with Saudi Arabia since 2015.” Preventive, not punitive Critics of the ATT have described the landmark treaty as largely toothless, noting that there is no mechanism

in place to sanction violations by signatory states. “It’s a bit like asking a crime suspect to be his own police officer,” Wood remarked, lamenting the lack of transparency and peer review. Benoît Muracciole, the president of French arms watchdog ASER (Action sécurité éthique républicaines),

said peer review was intended as one of the ATT’s key pillars. “The treaty is preventive, not punitive,” he explained in an interview with FRANCE 24. “It relies on pressure from other states and civil society.”

FRANCE'S SALESMAN: SELLING SUBS AND JETS

But Muracciole said NGOs in France lacked the financial resources

and expertise required to provide adequate oversight. “There is a cultural difference compared to the UK, where independent

research bodies receive financial support from the state,” he said.

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ASER’s president called for a suspension of French arms deliveries to Saudi Arabia while their potential use

in the Yemeni conflict is investigated. He noted that the use of French hardware – Sherpa armed vehicles – by the Egyptian regime to crack down on protesters “in violation of human rights and European Union rules” had already been widely documented. Dealing with strongmen France has been singled out as the chief purveyor of arms to the Saudi regime in 2015. Control Arms said in a report this month that Paris authorised $18 billion (€16 billion) in weapons sales to Riyadh last year, far

more than the United States ($5.9 billion) and Britain ($4.0 billion) – figures disputed by both Wood and Muracciole. “The figure for France is taken from a parliamentary report that includes both authorised sales and cases

where French companies have simply been granted a license to negotiate,” said Muracciole, though adding that there was little doubt France was part of a trio of top vendors. The French government has cultivated a close rapport with both the Saudi regime and Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi in recent years, strengthening Paris’s credentials as a reliable partner at a time of

perceived American withdrawal from the region. The strategy has proved lucrative for French arms dealers. Last year, Sisi became the first foreign buyer of the Rafale fighter jet, the pride of France’s armaments industry. Months later the Egyptian president agreed

to buy the two Mistral-class warships whose sale to Russia was cancelled amid the Ukraine crisis. Far from concealing its dealings with Middle Eastern strongmen, France’s unpopular Socialist government has trumpeted the string of contracts as a boon at a time of sluggish economic growth and record-high

unemployment – much to the dismay of human rights groups. “Where is the logic in selling arms to regimes that crushed the Arab Spring and are liable to use them against civilians?” Muracciole asked, adding that France's arms dealings were playing into the hands of its

foes at a time of heightened terrorist threat. “This is precisely what religious fundamentalists are looking for to fuel their anti-French propaganda.”

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/aug/24/greater-transparency-arms-trade-save-lives?CMP=share_btn_tw Greater transparency around the arms trade would save countless lives

Anna Macdonald A conference this week will decide how much secrecy should surround the

international arms trade. For many civilians this will mean the difference between life and death Last week’s images of Omran Daqneesh, injured in Aleppo, ‘stunned the

world’. Photograph: AP

Horrific images of bloodshed from across the world have kept coming all summer. The photo of five-year-old Omran Daqneesh, in shock after being dragged from the rubble of his home in Aleppo, stunned the

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world, as have images of devastated families made homeless or left in mourning by Saudi airstrikes on

Yemen. Little Omran exemplified the horror of Syria’s lengthy and bloody civil war. Many people looked at that photo and thought, “I wish could do something.” This week, in Geneva, a major conference is taking place

that is full of people who do have the power to bring an end to the arms sales that are making so many suffer. The Arms Trade Treaty is a relatively new UN treaty. It became international law in December 2014 and its

annual Conference of States Parties brings together all the governments that have joined the treaty to debate its implementation and impact. The treaty brings some much-needed regulation to the $100bn global arms trade. The elephant in the room here is the fact that in Yemen civilians are dying every day because bombs,

provided to Saudi Arabia by states sitting around the table, are being dropped on them. Earlier this year, campaign group Control Arms analysed arms transfers to Saudi Arabia in the context of the Yemen crisis. We found nine parties to the ATT issued licences or carried out arms exports to Saudi Arabia

in 2015: France, Germany, Italy, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK, as well as two signatories, Turkey and the US. These sales and licences totalled more than US$25bn and included bombs, rockets and missiles – just like those falling on the people of Yemen. Some states, specifically the Netherlands, Switzerland and Sweden, have tightened up their export controls in response to the crisis in Yemen; but several, notably the UK, US and France, are continuing with business as usual, violating the treaty in plain sight. Whether for profit or diplomatic gain, this is appalling hypocrisy.

It is also illegal. The UK, in a statement to the conference, confirmed its unerring commitment to the ATT, and chided those who might criticise treaty violators because “this could deter others joining”. Perhaps not

violating the treaty would be a better way to discourage criticism. The ATT prohibits arms deals where there can be reasonable knowledge the arms will be used in violations of international humanitarian law. Reports from UN experts, human rights groups and news reports of

bombings of schools, hospitals and mosques could not make this clearer. The arms trade has operated in the shadows for decades. With the ATT in force, arms deals may not be made covertly any more. Each state must submit an annual report that declares which transfers have been

authorised. This week, states will also decide whether these reports should be made public or stay secret. There should be no question about this. They shouldn’t even be given a choice. Reports must be made

publicly available. Greater transparency can help stop illegal sales, reduce the risk of arms being diverted to terrorist groups and criminals; stop the flood of weapons to human rights abusers, and stop the arms that are being used to

violate humanitarian law in too many communities on too many days. It’s time to shine a light on this deadly trade. So this week, the stakes could not be higher. The arms trade is big business for many states – but for so many people around the world it’s so much more. What happens in Geneva is a matter of life or death.

http://www.france24.com/fr/20160823-vente-armes-yemen-arabie-saoudite-france-usa-royaume-uni-control-

arms Des ONG dénoncent les controversées ventes d'armes françaises à l'Arabie saoudite

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© Mohammed Huwais, AFP | Des habitants de Saana, capitale du

Yemen, inspectent les dégâts causés par une frappe aérienne de la coalition menée par l'Arabie saoudite.

Dernière modification : 23/08/2016

Des armes françaises, américaines ou britanniques servent-elles au Yémen à bombarder des civils ? Alors que s’ouvre à Genève la conférence sur le commerce d’armes, des ONG accusent les puissances

occidentales, France en tête, d'"hypocrisie".

L’Arabie saoudite peut remercier tout particulièrement la France dans sa guerre contre les rebelles houthis

au Yémen, d’après Control Arms, une coordination d’ONG. Elle a dénoncé les puissances occidentales, Hexagone en tête, qui vendent à Riyad des armes qui "font d’innombrables victimes civiles" au Yémen,

lundi 22 août, à l’ouverture de la deuxième conférence des 133 États signataires du traité sur le commerce d’armes qui se tient à Genève.

Selon le dernier rapport de Control Arms, paru en février 2016, la France a autorisé 16 milliards d’euros de ventes d’armes à l’Arabie saoudite en 2015, loin devant les États-Unis (5,2 milliards d’euros) et le

Royaume-Uni (3,5 milliards d’euros).

"Pire des hypocrisies" Paris, Londres et Washington se rendent ainsi coupables de la "pire des hypocrisies", assure Anna

Macdonald, directrice de Control Arms. Ces trois pays auraient même passé des accords illégaux au regard du traité sur le commerce des armes qu’ils ont pourtant signé. Le texte prohibe, en effet, la vente de matériel

militaire qui pourrait servir à commettre des crimes contre l’Humanité, des crimes de guerre ou des "attaques dirigées contre les civils". En janvier 2016, un panel d’experts de l’ONU a conclu que la coalition militaire, sous la houlette de l’Arabie saoudite, avait conduit des bombardements aériens contre des cibles

civiles au Yémen, tels que des écoles, des hôpitaux, des marchés ou des mariages.

Des accusations accablantes qui ont le mérite de soulever un vrai problème mais doivent aussi être nuancées, selon plusieurs experts contactés par France 24. Les chiffres sont ainsi à prendre avec des pincettes. "Dans le

cas français, il ne s’agit pas de livraison d’armes, mais de licences de prospection, c’est-à-dire que le gouvernement a autorisé l’ouverture de discussions qui peuvent prendre plusieurs années et n’aboutir à rien", explique Brian Wood, responsable des questions de contrôle du commerce d’armes pour l’ONG

Amnesty International, qui participe, par ailleurs, à Control Arms.

Le montant réel des livraisons d’armes françaises est sûrement moins élevé, assure pour sa part Benoît Muracciole, président de l’ONG Action sécurité éthique républicaines (Aser). Pour ces deux spécialistes, la

France, les États-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne n’ont sont pas moins les trois principaux fournisseurs d’armes de l’Arabie saoudite.

Le tournant de mars 2015 Mais tout ce matériel militaire n’est pas forcément utilisé au Yémen. Dans ce cas, les exportations ne sont pas contraires au traité. "Je ne pourrais pas vous dire quelle proportion des armes vendues à l’Arabie saoudite peut être déployée au Yémen pour bombarder des cibles civiles", reconnaît Brian Wood.

Des petits détails peuvent faire la différence entre ce qui est permis et ce qui ne l’est pas : le modèle d’avion

de chasse livré a-t-il l’autonomie suffisante pour faire un aller-retour au Yémen ? Tel hélicoptère de combat peut-il larguer des bombes ou est-il seulement équipé pour le combat aérien ? "Nous dénonçons uniquement

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la vente de matériel militaire susceptible d’être utilisé au Yémen et qui représente une menace sérieuse pour

les populations civiles", résume le responsable d’Amnesty International.

Il faut aussi que le vendeur puisse raisonnablement se douter que l’acheteur risque de l’utiliser contre des populations civiles. "À partir de mars 2015, le conflit a escaladé et nous pensons qu’il n’était alors plus

possible d’ignorer les risques d’abus dans l’utilisation de certains équipements militaires", estime Brian Wood.

Ce labyrinthe d’exceptions à la règle et de conditions à remplir fait qu’il est difficile de savoir si l’une des trois grandes puissances mises en cause par Control Arms a enfreint les règles du traité qu’elles ont signé et

que leurs responsables politiques sont venus défendre à Genève cette semaine.

Certains accords commerciaux sont, en tout cas, plus louches que d’autres. La vente d’avions de chasse britanniques à Riyad, au second semestre 2015, rentre dans cette catégorie. Philippe Hammond, ancien

ministre britannique des Affaires étrangères, avait même reconnu fin 2015 à la BBC"être au courant" que certaines armes étaient utilisées au Yémen et qu’il espérait qu’il y en aurait encore plus car ce commerce créait de l’emploi au Royaume-Uni.

https://www.letemps.ch/monde/2016/08/23/difficile-reglementation-marche-

armes

Militants d'Amnesty International manifestant sur la Place des

Nations à l'occasion de l'ouverture de la deuxième conférence du Traité sur le commerce des armes. Genève, 22 août 2016. (KEYSTONE/Salvatore Di Nolfi) © SALVATORE DI

NOLFI. Publié mardi 23 août 2016 à 21:24.

La difficile réglementation du marché des armes

Genève accueille la deuxième conférence du Traité sur le commerce des armes. Un texte ratifié par 87 Etats

Dans les murs du siège genevois de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) se tient ces jours-ci une conférence consacrée à un type inhabituel de biens: le marché des armes. C’est l’un des moins régulés et des

plus prospère qui soient. Depuis 2014, un traité international, dont Genève a récemment décroché le secrétariat, est censé y mettre de l’ordre. Il ne s’agit pas ici de faire tomber les barrières commerciales, mais de rendre un peu moins opaques les contrats d’armement et d’éviter d’alimenter les conflits, surtout dans

des pays où le droit international est bafoué.

A ce jour, 130 Etats ont signé le Traité sur le commerce des armes (TCA), fruit de deux décennies de négociations. Parmi eux, 87 l’ont ratifié, dont l’ensemble des pays européens, mais pas les Etats-Unis, le

plus important marchand d’armes planétaire. Les deux grands absents de ce traité sont toutefois la Russie et la Chine, respectivement deuxième et troisième exportateurs de matériel de guerre au monde.

Etats-Unis, Russie et Chine épinglés

Pour cette conférence, la deuxième après Cancun l’an dernier, 47 pays ont soumis un rapport annuel comme

le demande le TCA. Plus d’un quart des pays qui avaient souscrit à ce devoir ne l’ont pas fait, regrette Amnesty International (AI). «Il ne devrait y avoir aucune tolérance pour les Etats qui considèrent le TCA

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comme un outil de pure forme, a dénoncé lors d’une conférence de presse Brian Wood, le responsable du

Contrôle des armes et des droits de l’homme de l’ONG britannique. Chaque jour, du Yémen à la Syrie en passant par le Soudan du Sud, des enfants, des femmes et des civils sont menacés ou tués par des forces militaires ou des groupes armés équipés par des Etats signataires du traité.»

Les Etats-Unis et les Etats européens sont mis en cause par les ONG pour leur vente d’armes au Proche-Orient, en Egypte et au Soudan du Sud. La Russie est pour sa part de très loin le principal donateur d’armes à l’Etat syrien. Quant à la Chine, elle déverse ses armes légères vers le continent africain.

La Suisse pas vraiment exemplaire

Le principal défi du TCA est de lui donner un caractère universel. On en est encore loin. Le texte couvre

l’ensemble des armes ainsi que toute la filière de leur vente. C’est sa force. «Il y a encore quinze ans, lorsque nous parlions de commerce d’armes, la réponse des Etats était que leur responsabilité s’arrêtait à

leur livraison. Cela a changé, souligne Nicholas Marsh, de l’Institut pour la paix d’Oslo. Désormais, les Etats signataires doivent tenir compte des risques en matière de droits de l’homme, garantir la transparence.» «Le débat porte aujourd’hui sur le degré de connaissance de l’utilisation qui sera faite de ces

armes, ajoute Brian Wood. C’est le rôle de l’ONU, des ONG, de la société civile d’alerter et de faire pression.»

La Suisse, qui s’est distinguée pour faire adopter ce texte et dont le président, Johann Schneider-Ammann, a

inauguré les travaux de la conférence lundi soir, a rendu son rapport en détaillant ses exportations et importations d’armes. Amnesty International regrette pourtant qu’à deux reprises – au niveau du parlement en 2014, puis du gouvernement en avril 2016 – elle ait assoupli son ordonnance sur la vente de matériel

militaire. C’est ainsi que ses entreprises d’armement pourront finalement écouler cette année des armes (défense antiaérienne) vers l’Arabie saoudite. «Cela ne viole pas le TCA, précise Patrick Walder,

responsable des campagnes d’AI Suisse. Mais c’est regrettable pour le pays hôte de ce traité qui devrait se montrer exemplaire en la matière.»

http://information.tv5monde.com/info/traite-sur- le-commerce-des-armes-objectif-124427

Traité sur le commerce des armes : quel bilan deux ans après ?

Contrôler les ventes d'armes dans le monde. Tel est l'ambitieux objectif du Traité sur le commerce des armes

des Nations unies. La deuxième conférence des parties se tient à Genève jusqu'au 26 août. Le point sur les enjeux avec Benoît Muracciole, président de l'ONG ASER.

Ce 22 août s'est ouvert à Genève la deuxième Conférence des Etats

parties sur le Traité sur le commerce des armes (TCA). Un traité qui concerne toutes les armes, des tanks aux mitraillettes en passant par les

bombardiers, et qui tente de réguler un commerce aussi sensible que lucratif - il représente plus de 100 milliards de dollars par an. Durant toute la semaine, une centaine de pays et de nombreux

représentants de la société civile tireront un premier bilan depuis l'entrée en vigueur du traité, le 24 décembre 2014. Adopté par l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies le 2 avril 2013 après d'âpres négociations, le Traité sur le commerce des armes (TCA) est le premier traité

international de l’histoire sur le commerce des armes conventionnelles.

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Le TCA prévoit des normes contraignantes au niveau international, destinées à réglementer le commerce

international des armes conventionnelles. Objectif principal : interdire l'exportation d'armes conventionnelles si l'Etat partie a des raisons de penser que celles-ci pourraient servir à commettre un génocide, des crimes contre l'humanité, des crimes de guerre ou des attaques dirigées contre des civils. Signé par 130 États, il est entré en vigueur fin 2014. Depuis 87 pays l'ont ratifié, dont la France et le Royaume-Uni. Les Etats-Unis l'ont signé mais le Congrès américain l'a rejeté. Néanmoins, il devrait permettre de contrôler plus de 80 % des transferts d’armes classiques dans le monde.

Le cas de l'Arabie saoudite L'ONG new-yorkaise Control Arms lance, ce lundi, à Genève, un appel pour que les principaux exportateurs d'armes, dont les Etats-Unis et la France, stoppent leurs livraisons à l'Arabie Saoudite qui dirige depuis mars

2015 au Yémen une coalition militaire contre la rébellion chiite. En raison du nombre élevé de civils tués dans les raids aériens au Yémen, l'Arabie saoudite fait face à des critiques répétées de la part des défenseurs des droits de l'Homme. En continuant à vendre des armes à l'Arabie Saoudite, les principaux exportateurs d'armes qui ont signé le TCA se rendent coupables de "la pire des hypocrisies", a dénoncé Anna Macdonald, directrice de Control Arms : "Chaque jour, nous voyons l'impact dévastateur de la vente d'armes et de munitions utilisées contre

les civils au Yémen", a-t-elle ajouté, lors de sa conférence de presse. Selon Control Arms, en 2015, la France a autorisé la vente d'armes à l'Arabie Saoudite à hauteur de 18 milliards de dollars (16 milliards d'euros). Au cours de la même période, les Etats-Unis ont approuvé la

vente d'armes à Ryad pour 5,9 milliards de dollars (5,2 milliards d'euros). Pour le Royaume-Uni, ce chiffre a été de 4 milliards de dollars (3,5 milliards d'euros). L'appel de l'ONG intervient alors que le secrétaire d'Etat américain John Kerry est attendu en Arabie

saoudite, les 24 et 25 août. Le 20 août, les Etats-Unis ont annoncé avoir réduit le nombre de leurs conseillers militaires auprès de la coalition arabe intervenant au Yémen, tout en affirmant que cette décision n'était pas

liée au nombre élevé de victimes civiles des bombardements dans ce pays en guerre.

http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/opiniao/2016/08/1805923-vocacao-de-protagonista-atitude-de-coadjuvante.shtml Vocação de protagonista, atitude de coadjuvante Camila Asano e Jefferson Nascimento Delegações de dezenas de países se reunirão, até a próxima sexta (26), em Genebra, na Suíça, para a segunda Conferência dos Estados Partes do Tratado sobre o Comércio de Armas, o primeiro a regular as

transferências globais de armas e munições convencionais (categoria que inclui desde pistolas até tanques e aviões de combate). Apesar de ser o quarto maior exportador mundial de armas pequenas, as que mais matam no mundo, o Brasil

participará da reunião apenas como observador, sem a possibilidade de influenciar os rumos e o funcionamento do tratado. E não é por falta de vontade política, que já foi suficientemente demonstrada com a rápida assinatura do

acordo, em junho de 2013. O que falta, aqui, é coerência e sentido de urgência.

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O texto do TCA (Tratado sobre o Comércio de Armas) tramita há quase dois anos no Congresso. Antes

disso, o processo ficou parado por 17 meses nos despachos do Executivo. Não é um atraso trivial. A política que regula as transferências brasileiras de armas e munições foi elaborada em 1974, durante a ditadura militar, e é até hoje sigilosa. Por conta disso, é extremamente difícil saber, por exemplo, se armas brasileiras estão abastecendo conflitos

ou governos autoritários em outras partes do mundo -e os poucos indícios disponíveis mostram que elas estão. Dados compilados pela ONU apontam para um crescimento da ordem de 171% no valor de exportação de

armas pequenas e munições pelo Brasil desde 2006. Nos últimos anos, surgiram denúncias de armas e munições proibidas fabricadas no país encontradas no Iêmen, que vive uma cruel guerra civil e onde 3.000 civis já foram mortos desde janeiro de 2015. A própria ONU encontrou armas brasileiras na Costa do Marfim, que está sob embargo do Conselho de

Segurança. As informações precisas sobre esses casos seguem ocultas pela bruma do secretismo. Esse é o grande trunfo do Tratado sobre Comércio de Armas: desnudar um mercado até então blindado, obrigando os Estados Partes a apresentarem relatórios anuais sobre importações e exportações. Até então, o único controle sobre essas transações internacionais era feito pela ONU, mas a adesão era voluntária. Como exposto pelo editorial desta Folha em 3/8, países como o Brasil se esquivavam atrás dos argumentos de proteção comercial e da segurança nacional para sonegarem dados de interesse público e de grande

impacto em direitos humanos (e que por isso, vale dizer, não estão amparados pelas exceções previstas na Lei de Acesso à Informação). Para além do impacto brutal que o comércio irresponsável de armas tem na vida de milhões de pessoas em

todo o mundo, o governo e o Congresso parecem não ver o fato de que hoje, no mundo, a transparência é regra e quem não se adequar aos novos padrões internacionais ficará fora do grupo que estabelecerá os

parâmetros desse mercado - um "clube" que já conta com países como Reino Unido, França, Alemanha, Espanha e Itália. Enquanto a ratificação do TCA não vem, o país terá de se acomodar ao papel de coadjuvante -ainda que

pudesse, se quisesse, ser protagonista. El control de comercio de armas es un reto vital para México, dice canciller http://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20160824/404173580924/el-control-de-comercio-de-armas- 24/08/2016 Ginebra, 24 ago (EFE).- El control del comercio de armas es un reto vital para México debido a que la

regulación internacional actual carece de fuerza y permite que lleguen de forma ilegal a organizaciones criminales transnacionales, dijo hoy la canciller mexicana, Claudia Ruiz Massieu, durante una entrevista con

Efe.

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La ministra participa esta semana en Ginebra en la segunda conferencia de los Estados Parte del Tratado

Internacional sobre el Comercio de Armas (TCA), que tiene el objetivo de conseguir un control más estricto del armamento. Una de las medidas que se propone para ello es que los informes que los países debe obligatoriamente

presentar cada año sean públicos y que se elimine la opción que existe de que su contenido sea confidencial. México está a favor de los controles necesarios tanto en la producción como en la transferencia de armas

para evitar "que éstas sean desviadas de sus destinatarios legales y caer en manos de individuos o grupos, criminales o terroristas, que operan sin respetar fronteras", dijo Ruíz a Efe. "Mi país padece las terribles consecuencias de una regulación internacional laxa en la materia", aseguró la

canciller. Como consecuencia, dijo que "miles de armas ilegales son traficadas cada año a México, la mayoría desde nuestra frontera norte, donde se encuentra el más grande productor y exportador mundial". Su destino final suele ser -recordó- el crimen organizado. Estudios especializados indican que casi 500 personas mueren y 2.000 resultan heridas a diario en el

mundo por homicidios con armas de fuego y que la mayoría de estas víctimas ocurre en lugares que no son de conflicto. La canciller sostuvo que para entender del desafío que este asunto representa para su país se debe tener en

cuenta que "tan sólo en los cuatro estados de Estados Unidos que comparten frontera con México existen más de 9.000 establecimientos legales de venta de armas" y que "más de 23.000 personas tienen permiso

para venderlas". La enorme oferta de armas y la facilidad para hacerse con ellas "dota a las organizaciones criminales transnacionales de un enorme poder de fuego que afecta tanto a México como a Estados Unidos y lo hace un reto binacional", opinó. Ruíz consideró que la adecuada implementación del ATC puede servir para controlar mejor esos flujos, comprometiendo en esta tarea a los países productores, exportadores, importadores y de tránsito de armamento. El acuerdo cuenta con 87 Estados parte, mientras que otros 46 lo han firmado pero no ratificado. Las organizaciones de la sociedad civil que trabajan en esta área reclaman una transparencia total de las informaciones sobre ventas de armamento, municiones o sus componentes. México ha cumplido con presentar su informe 2015 y hacerlo públicos, reportando la compra de más de 46.000 armas pequeñas y ligeras, mientras que no se indica ninguna exportación de armamento. En una carta enviada a la subsecretaría de Asuntos Multilaterales y Derechos Humanos antes del inicio de la conferencia, el Centro de Estudios Ecuménicos y Control de Armas pide a México que, utilizando su

influencia como país que desde el principio impulso el tratado, promueva su total cumplimiento. Esta entidad, que ha enviado delegados a la reunión de Ginebra, pide asimismo un diálogo con las autoridades competentes para abordar temas que le preocupan en este ámbito. EFE

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http://goo.gl/Ui0aT5

صفقات السالح السعوية.. مصالح مشتركة ومعاناة تتصاعد ص 11:34:56 | األربعاء, أغسطس 24, 2016 | هدير محمود

في ظل استمرار صفقات السالح السعودية مع بعض الدول الغربية واألوروبية، وبعد قرابة ملكة وهذه الدول بالنداءات عام ونصف من العدوان الغاشم على اليمن، وضرب الم

والمطالبات الدولية عرض الحائط، بوقف العدوان الغاشم على اليمن ووقف تصدير

األسلحة إلى الرياض، تخرج المزيد من التقارير والمطالبات الدولية؛ لتكشف حقيقة هذا العدوان، وسعي هذه الدول نحو مصالحها أيًّا كان الثمن.

ألسلحة، االثنين، الدول الكبرى المصدرة لألسلحة، ومن بينها طالبت منظمة مراقبة بيع ا

الواليات المتحدة وفرنسا وبريطانيا، بوقف مبيعاتها من األسلحة إلى السعودية؛ بسبب عملياتها في اليمن، وجاءت دعوة المنظمة خالل مؤتمر هو الثاني الذي تعقده منظمة

، وتشتمل على قوانين تحكم سوق األسلحة 2014ألسلحة التي بدأت العمل على تنفيذها في التجارة العالمية في جنيف بشأن معاهدة تجارة ا

الدولية، وتطلب المعاهدة من الدول وقف أية صفقات أسلحة إذا أقرت في وقت بيعها أنها ستستخدم ضد مدنيين.

مرارها في بيع األسلحة للسعودية، رغم توقيعها على وقالت مديرة منظمة مراقبة بيع األسلحة، أنا ماكدونالد، إن هذه الدول الكبرى، باستا المعاهدة، تمارس أسوأ أشكال النفاق. ولفتت إلى أن معاهدة تجارة األسلحة سارية منذ عامين ونصف، ولكن بعض الدول األطراف فيها تنتهكه

ضد المدنيين في اليمن. واتهمت المنظمة هذه الدول دون محاسبة، وتابعت: في كل يوم نرى التأثير المدمر لبيع األسلحة والذخيرة الستخدامها بانتهاك القانون الدولي بشكل سافر، من خالل استمرارها في بيع أسلحة قاتلة بمليارات الدوالرات للسعودية.

المتحدة فوافقت مليار دوالر. أما الواليات 18في ذات اإلطار أظهرت المنظمة أن فرنسا صدقت على صفقة مبيعات أسلحة للسعودية بقيمة

مليارات دوالر. 4، بينما بلغت مبيعات األسلحة البريطانية للسعودية 2015مليار دوالر في 5,9على صفقات بيع أسلحة للرياض بقيمة

ة االستشارية، يظهر احتالل السعودية المرتب” IHS INC“جاءت مطالبة منظمة مراقبة بيع األسلحة بعد أيام من خروج تقرير سنوي لشركة ؛ لتصل %50، حيث يؤكد التقرير أن مشتريات المملكة السعودية من السالح قفزت بنسبة 2015األولى عالميًّا في شراء السالح للعام الماضي

مليار دوالر 6.6مليار دوالر، بزيادة قدرها 65ليصل إلى 2015مليار دوالر. ويشير التقرير إلى أن سوق السالح العالمي ارتفع في 9.3إلى

مليار دوالر، منها 23أسلحة بقيمة 2015. كما أظهر التقرير احتالل أمريكا المرتبة األولى كأكبر مصدر للسالح، حيث باعت في 2014عن مليار دوالر ذهبت للشرق األوسط. 8.8أسلحة بقيمة

الوحشية في اليمن، وبعيدًا عن مطالبات المنظمات الدولية بعيدًا عن اإلدانات واالنتقادات الكثيرة الموجهة للتحالف السعودي وهجماته وغاراته

حة والحقوقية بوقف هذا العدوان فوًرا والتحقيق في بعض المذابح التي وقعت خالل عامي العدوان، يبقى السؤال األكثر جدية وطرًحا على الساالح للمملكة سيضيف جديدًا إلى العدوان السعودي على اليمن، اآلن: هل إدانة منظمة مراقبة بيع السلحة ومطالبتها للدول الكبري بوقف بيع الس

أم أنه سيوضع بجانب اإلدانات السابقة؛ لتستمر السعودية في طريقها غير مبالية أو مكترثة بهذه النداءات والدعوات واإلدانات؟

ء منظمة مراقبة بيع األسلحة لن تمتثل لمطالبات إجابة هذا السؤال ال تحتاج إلى أيام لتتضح، فمن المؤكد أن الدول الكبري المقصودة بندا

ا لهذه المنظمة، فهذه الدول تبحث عن مصالحها المتمثلة في عقد صفقات بيع األسلحة وكسب المليارات من ورائها، التي تعتبر مصدًرا هامًّتمتثل فيها السعودية إلى نداءات ومطالبات الدول، بغض النظر عن أي عواقب لهذه الصفقات. وهذه اإلجابة تأتي بناًء على مواقف سابقة لم

ة الجمعيات والمنظمات والهيئات األممية والحقوقية والبرلمانية واإلنسانية بوقف هجماتها على اليمن، فقد واجهت السعودية انتقادات شديدفرض حظر أوروبي على تصدير صوتًا لصالح 449بسبب هجماتها في اليمن، وجاء أبرزها تصويت نواب البرلمان األوروبي بأغلبية

العفو السالح للسعودية، وهو ما لم تلتزم به أي من الدول األوروبية، وعلى رأسها بريطانيا، إلى جانب العديد من اإلدانات التي وجهتها منظمة

الدولية وهيومن رايتس ووتش ومنظمة أطباء بال حدود لغارات التحالف السعودي على اليمن.

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