Medal Racing for Umpires under Sailing Instruction Addendum Q (Please use in Slide Show mode)

Medal Racing for Umpires 02-08-2013

Medal Racing for Umpiresunder Sailing Instruction Addendum Q

(Please use in Slide Show mode)

Version: March 2014

Medal Racing for UmpiresMedal Racing for Umpires

Index to Sections - click button to go directly to: Umpiring principles The Rules under Addendum Q Protest procedures Penalties Positioning Rules for Windsurfers (Boards) The Quiz


AttentionAttention!!This presentation is not a substitute for This presentation is not a substitute for

careful reading of SI Addendum Qcareful reading of SI Addendum Q

Make sure you have the correct version!

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As instant ‘Jury’

Decisions in response to valid Part 2, RRS 31 and 42 protests.

Initiate penalties for breaches of RRS 31 and 42. Specific umpire-initiated penalty decisions. Prompt confirmation to Race Committee of any

outstanding issues at finish of race.

The Role of the UmpiresThe Role of the Umpires

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Equipment:• Flags green & white, red, black• Whistle• Radio• Wet notes• Voice recorder

Documents:• SI, including Addendum Q• Race information sheet• Rule book

Food & Water

Before RacingBefore Racing

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Based on umpiring in match or team racing. More information in the manuals.

Driver adopts the boat being followed. The other umpire adopts other boats – signals and displays any flags.

If one umpire states a position (‘Penalty to XXX’)The other umpire responds:•I agree•I do not agree•I did not see

If you see an incident, but no protest – say ‘Incident closed’. After that a protest flag is too late.

Communications between UmpiresCommunications between Umpires

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Protests for breaches of rule 14 are handled after the race. [Q2.4]

The protest must be notified to the race committee before flag B is removed.

If an incident results in contact, check for damage and attempt to assess any damage as soon as possible – this may be after the race.

There is no possibility of redress [Q1.2(e)], but a boat may be penalised (DSQ) for breaking rule 14.

Umpires will not normally initiate rule 14 protests, unless the damaged boat is unable to do so.

DamageDamage

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Communication – out of the umpire boat Keep it short, keep it simple Check radios with Umpire team and RC (CU) If radio fails or even when it works:

Arm raised = I have ‘something’ (the call, an issue) Crossing hands in front = no issues (at finish)

Signalling Clear signals and whistles Eye contact if possible, for penalties Tell the media - if possible - first opportunity

Things to rememberThings to remember

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Arrange for media to listen on umpire channel.

Make a media call after any action that might be of interest.

Penalties, including 42, given by umpires.

Media calls about green-and-white flags should only be given on special occasions. Maybe one that affects a medal?

If any protests after the race – ‘results subject to protest’.

Media CallsMedia Calls

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On the umpire channel call:

“Media, media, media! Stand by for a media call”

Pause 3-5 seconds and call again:

“Media, media, media! We have just penalised “boat”. Short description of incident.

Avoid using rule numbers.

Media Call procedureMedia Call procedure

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The rules in the Medal Race are the normal Racing Rules of Sailing,

but but with someimportant changesimportant changes

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RRS 42 - Appendix P is changed

Same penalty as for any other rule - One Turn Independent of previous penalty history Oscar/Romeo for Finn/470Class rules for Finn/470/49er/RS:XOnly P5 (O and R flags) from Appendix P

RRS 42RRS 42

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Add to definition:

A boat taking a penaltytaking a penalty, or maneuvering to take a penalty is not is not sailing a Proper course!

Definition “Proper Course” - Q1.1(a)Definition “Proper Course” - Q1.1(a)

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In addition to the hails in RRS 20:

‘Room to tack’ - repeatedly and clearly pointing to windward.

‘You tack’ repeatedly and clearly pointing at the other boat waving the arm to windward.

NOT NOT for for BOARDSBOARDS!!

Room to tack at an obstruction - Q1.1(b) Room to tack at an obstruction - Q1.1(b)

14


RRS 62.1(a), (b) and (d) are deleted.

The only reason a boat may be granted redress is for giving help in compliance with RRS 1.

(For boards RRS B5.62.1(e) also deleted.)

Limitation on Redress - Q1.2(e)Limitation on Redress - Q1.2(e)

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While racingracing, a boat can protest another boat ONLYONLY for the following:

Part 2 – for incidentsincidents in which she was involved (but not for RRS 14).

RRS 3RRS 311 - touching a mark. - touching a mark. RRS 42 – propulsion.RRS 42 – propulsion.

Protest Procedures While Racing - Q2.1Protest Procedures While Racing - Q2.1

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Medal Racing for Umpires 02-08-2013 17

• One or more boats protest

• Decide who broke a rule (but no signal)

• One or more boats may take a voluntary penalty One-Turn Penalty

• After 5-10 seconds: if no boat has taken a penalty or indicated that it will take one – penalize as decided

• May also be done if a boat took a voluntary penalty (more later)

How to Respond to a ProtestHow to Respond to a Protest


For rules not protestable while racing:

To protest for any other breach, or request redress (see limitations on redress), a boat must hail the Race Committee before or during the (two minutes) display of flag B on the RC boat.

Protest Procedures After Racing - Q2.4Protest Procedures After Racing - Q2.4

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Protest by BOATSBOATS: Hail ‘Protest’ +(even for boats < 6m)

Protest for BOARDSBOARDS: Hail ‘Protest’ - no flag

Sometimes competitors (especially boards) raise an arm in addition to hailing ‘Protest’. This helps the umpires become aware of the protest, but is not required.

How To Protest? - Q2.1How To Protest? - Q2.1

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Any penalty (including for RRS 42) is a

One-Turn-Penalty

BOATS - a tack and a gybe (or vice versa)

BOARDS - a 360° turn of the board, with no need for tack or gybe. RRS B4.44.2

Penalties While Racing - Q2.2Penalties While Racing - Q2.2

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Umpire Signals - Q3.1Umpire Signals - Q3.1

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No Penalty•Display Green and White Flag•One sound signal with whistle

Penalty•Display Red Flag•One sound signal with whistle•Hail identity of boat

Disqualified•Display Black Flag•One sound signal with whistle•Hail identity of boat


Touching a mark and not taking a penalty (unless compelled)

Gaining an advantage after taking a penalty Breaking a rule deliberately Committing a breach of sportsmanship Failing to take a penalty correctly Breaking RRS 42

Umpire Initiated Penalties - Q4.1Umpire Initiated Penalties - Q4.1

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The umpires may impose more (2The umpires may impose more (2ndnd or 3 or 3rdrd) penalties) penalties If the breach is severe or repeated If the breach is deliberate If the boat commits a breach of sportsmanship If the boat gains an advantage despite taking a penalty

The umpires may display the Black flag to disqualify the boat . Normally give a second red before black.

Umpire Initiated Penalties Q4.1Umpire Initiated Penalties Q4.1

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The umpires The umpires will display a BLACK flag to disqualify a boat if:display a BLACK flag to disqualify a boat if:

A boat rounds/passes a mark on the wrong side and then rounds the next mark or finishes.

The umpires may display the Black flag to disqualify a boat if: Breaches are severe or repeated The breach is deliberate The boat commits a breach of sportsmanship The boat gains an advantage despite taking a penalty The incident causes serious damage or injury

Normally give a second red before black

Black Flag Penalties Q4.1 & 4.2Black Flag Penalties Q4.1 & 4.2

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If a boat has broken a rule, she is obligated by the Basic Principle, Sportsmanship and the Rules, to take a penalty promptlypromptly.

Waiting for a signal when she knows she has broken a rule may be seen as breaking this breaking this principle.principle.

Additional penalty Red or Black flag

Boat’s obligations - voluntary penaltyBoat’s obligations - voluntary penalty

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Which Boat to penalize? - Q2.2Which Boat to penalize? - Q2.2

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If one boat protests and no boat takes a penalty, the umpires may penalize either boat.

If one boat protests and the protested boat takes a penalty, the incident is closed (even if the umpires would have penalized the protesting boat).

If both boats protest and one takes a penalty, the umpires may still penalize the other.

(This does not include action under RRS 14)


Which Boat to penalize? - Q2.2Which Boat to penalize? - Q2.2Multiple Boats

If one boat protests and a boat that was not protested takes a penalty, the umpire may penalize any boat.

(This does not include action under RRS 14)

In this incident the umpires decide that:-Blue did not give enough room, Green did give enough room

Yellow protests, Green takes a penalty.Umpires may penalize Blue.

Yellow and Blue protest, Green takes a penalty.Umpires may penalize Blue.

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When NOT to penalizeWhen NOT to penalize If a boat is compelled to break a rule as a result of

another boat breaking a rule, the umpires exonerate her - RRS 64.1(c) - Q1.2(f)

If a protested boat takes a penalty, do not penalize any other boat - Q2.2

If umpires do not see an incident properly. If a protest flag is not clearly displayed - no umpire

sees it displayed - Q2.1. If the umpires are reasonably close but do not hear

‘Protest’ (especially other words can be heard) - Q2.1. If the umpires disagree. (Different from only one

umpire seeing the incident).

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Umpire Initiation - Q3.1(b)Umpire Initiation - Q3.1(b)

Incomplete Penalty

Note: The second red flag is not a new penalty, only a reminder for the athlete that the penalty remains outstanding

Red Umpire Flag

270° turn (no gybe or tack)

Red Ump Flag [Q3.1(b)]

Closed

Penalty turn (tack & gybe)

No action

Red Ump Flag [Q3.1(b)]

(see note)

Penalty turn (tack & gybe)

Closed

Red Umpire Flag

versus No Penalty Taken

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Umpire Initiation - Q3.1(c)Umpire Initiation - Q3.1(c)

No ActionRed Umpire Flag

No action

Red Flag [Q3.1(b)]

Black Flag

No action

Penalty turn & Abuse

Red Flag [Q3.1(b)]

Penalty turn & Abuse

Black Flag

Red Umpire Flag

Abuse [Q4.1(e)]

Always advise the Chief Umpire about a Black Flag. The CU should advise the race committee as soon as possible.

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Penalty TurnPenalty Turn

Begins:When the boat starts turning, after getting well clear. Ends:At completion of final tack or gybe.

A penalty turn may be taken before the starting signal.

Sometimes, especially in the pre-start while manoeuvring against another boat, it is possible for a boat to take a penalty ‘by accident’.

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Penalty TurnPenalty Turn

If a boat taking a penalty does not keep clear of another boat, the umpires do not initiate a penalty, but the other boat may protest (RRS 22.2).

If a boat briefly interrupts a penalty turn to keep clear of another boat:if it was clear to the umpires that the boat taking a penalty did not get well clear, the umpires may display a red flag to tell the boat her penalty remains outstanding.if it was clear the boat did sail well clear, but the unpredictable actions of another boat cause the delay to the penalty, the umpires should take no further action.

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Some examples of penaltiesSome examples of penalties

Yes …. No …. Maybe

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Yellow hails ‘Protest!’ No action from Blue Penalise Blue – 1 turn Penalise Blue – 2nd turn [Q4.1(d)] If Yellow disabled or injured,

no redress, but Black Flag Blue (if certain)

Blue should know she broke a rule

What if no protest from Yellow? If no damage or injury - No action If damage or injury - Q5.5 allows a hearing and DSQ

under RRS 14 (if no Black Flag)

Yes - 2 penaltiesYes - 2 penalties

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Contact


Yes - 1 Penalty; Maybe – 2 PenaltiesYes - 1 Penalty; Maybe – 2 Penalties

Blue takes room to which she is not entitled Yellow hails ‘Protest!’. No action from Blue Penalise Blue – 1 turn If, after the penalty Blue is in front of

Yellow, penalise Blue with a 2nd turn If Blue should have known she was clear

astern at the zone, then the breach is deliberate and Blue should be given a 2nd penalty, even if she did not gain an advantage after the first penalty.

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Maybe – 1 Penalty; Maybe – 2 PenaltiesMaybe – 1 Penalty; Maybe – 2 Penalties

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Does Yellow know she broke a rule?

If Yellow takes a penalty, does she still gain?

If it is clear, the umpires may assume that Yellow knows she broke the rule.

Umpires should look at where Yellow would be if she did not break the rule versus where

she is after taking a penalty.


Maybe – 1 Penalty; Maybe – 2 PenaltiesMaybe – 1 Penalty; Maybe – 2 Penalties

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Has Blue deliberately broken a rule [Q4.1(c)]?Yes, providing the breach was clear.

Does it change anything whether or not Green protests?The umpires may penalise Blue, just for deliberately breaking a rule [Q4.1(d)], but they will not normally do so unless Green protests.

A few seconds before the starting signal, Blue bears away on top of Green and is not OCS


Yes - 2 penaltiesYes - 2 penalties

A clearly touches the mark.No other boats involved

Obvious contact with mark No possibility of being compelled No penalty turn Penalise - 1 turn [Q4.1(a)] Penalise - 2nd turn [Q4.1(d)]

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PositioningPositioning

Zone System Better for RS:X & 49er

above 15 knots wind speed

Ideally requires 4 umpire boats:Top mark Left, right, and gate /

finish

Fleet System Better for slower fleets Requires 3 umpire boats:

Left, middle, right Front, middle, back

If able to have 4th as on-the-water reserve and use at Mark 1 or to cover specific match races

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Positioning PrinciplesPositioning Principles Each umpire boat is responsible for 2 to 4 racing

boats. Do not rely on passing information to decide an

incident - each umpire boat must ‘follow’ a group. Be observant and flexible. Minimize interference and wash. Try to let media in. Priorities

1. Medal positions2. Match races3. Race leaders

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Positioning Principles – Don’tsPositioning Principles – Don’ts

Don’t - Motor parallel to a boat on your quarter

Don’t - Stay close to another umpire boat

Don’t - Cause unnecessary wash

Don’t - Give a penalty if in the wrong position

Don’t – Get pushed out of the back

Don’t – Make life more difficult for the media than necessary

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Fleet PositioningFleet Positioning

Pre-start and startBe as far RIGHTRIGHT as possibleU3 position determines other umpires positionsU3 moves to 2nd

U1 moves to 9th

U2 moves between 5th & 6th as boats line up to start

3 21

13 2

1 – 3 4 – 6 7 – 10

42



1st UpwindU1 covers the 2-4 rightmostrightmost boatsU2 covers the middlemiddleU3 covers the 2-4 leftmostleftmost boats

3 2 1

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Approaching to windward markU3, goes above the mark first to watch the first group (2-4 boats) rounding.

U1, goes above the sstarboardtarboard layline, and arrives to judge the second group around.

U2, follows the leeward of boats on port tack (unless detached) and judges the last group.

This needs observation and flexibility. 1

3

n

2


44


Each boat follows its group down the run. U3 - first group, U1 - second group, U2 - third group.

If groups split, umpires reorganise into either front, middle back or left, middle right.

Don’t lose the front group.

Look for new pressure points. Anticipate and plan ahead.

3

n

1

2


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Leaving the windward mark and downwind


Approaching the gate

Each umpire boat observes its own group through the gate. May go through the gate with them or remain outside.

Try to have at least one umpire boat on each mark (unless all race boats round one gate mark).

Race boats may switch group approaching the gate.

Follow your group away from the gate.

1

3

2


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Fleet PositioningFleet Positioning2nd Upwind

Reorganise as boats split groups to avoid crossing the course as much as possible.

Try to keep one umpire with the leaders, but this umpire may change if boats cross the course.

Umpires adopt the positions of 1, 2 and 3 (as 1st windward mark) by their approaching position - and NOT because of their original number.

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2nd Downwind and Finish

As 1st downwind - re groups.

Do not get behind the whole fleet!!

At the finish, one umpire boat should be either side of the fleet, especially for RRS 42!

1

3

2

Finish


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With 4 umpire boats

Umpire 4 remains above the windward mark - goes before the start if necessary.

Will probably need to call other umpires to impose any penalty.

Other 3 umpires go as far up the windward leg as they feel possible, in same pattern as with 3 umpires, without losing the option to get back to the gate in time.

They retain the principle of picking up a group to observe them through the gate.

Umpire 4 leaves windward mark for last downwind leg to finish.


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Last gate & Slalom marks

Windsurfing (Boards) PositioningWindsurfing (Boards) Positioning

Finish

Umpire 1 - Slalom marks S1 & S3

Umpire 2 - Between Gate and S1

Umpire 3 - Slalom mark S2 (give enough room!)

Umpire 4 - Finishing line

Gate

S2

S1

S3

4

3

2

1


No ZoneRRS 18 applies between boards when at least one of them is ‘about to round or pass the mark’.

Boards are ‘about to round or pass the mark’ when their proper course is to begin the rounding manouevre.

Look at the legs! When they transfer body weight to a foot to ‘carve’, this is normally when they are about to round.

This may be many boat lengths from the mark, or really close, depending on the wind and the mark.

Rule 18 no longer applies when the boat entitled to mark-room has passed the mark.

Windsurfing (Boards)Windsurfing (Boards)


RRS 17 deleted - On the same tack; Proper CourseNo luffing restrictions! (Except RRS 16)

RRS 18.3 deleted - Tacking at Windard MarkNo special rules for a boat approaching on port tack.

RRS 18.4 changed - Proper course at a mark.Applies when the inside boat needs to gybe or bear away.



No RRS 31Touching a Mark

Board may touch may touch the mark ...

... and may even hold hold on to it!



To check and test your understanding

Some questions to answer ...Some questions to answer ...

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1

55

Boats must wait until the starting signal to take a penalty. True or False?

FALSEDefinitions: Racing & Addendum Q1.2(a)


2

56

Boards are not permitted to slow down by dropping their sail in the water when approaching to start. True or False?

TRUERRS Appendix B2 rule 24.3. There is a whole appendix dealing with board sailing - it’s worth reading!


3

57

Boards can get redress if their finishing positions are made significantly worse (through no fault of her own) by a board that broke a rule of Part 2 and caused the other board to capsize. True or False?

FALSEAddendum Q1.2(d) deletes RRS B5 in its entirety, therefore, in this respect, racing under Add Q is the same for boards and boats.


4

58

A boat begins taking a penalty when she passes head to wind or gybes. True or False?

FALSE A boat begins taking a penalty when she is clearly turning to take a penalty. (See Information to Competitors)


5

59

A protested boat may always wait for an umpire decision before taking a penalty. True or False?

FALSE The ‘Basic Principle’, ‘Sportsmanship and the Rules’ requires a boat that knows she has broken a rule to take a penalty. Q4.1(d) allows the umpires to give a penalty for deliberately breaking a rule. A boat not complying with this should receive a penalty for the original breach + a second penalty for breaking RRS 2.


6

60

Boats use a red flag to request redress from OCS decisions. True or False?

FALSERed flags are not required to request redress. The only rule under which a boat may be given redress is RRS 62.1(c) [RRS 1]. Q1.2 deletes other grounds for redress.A boat that does seek redress, other than for 62.1(c), should first have the rule explained to them. If they insist on a hearing, the protest committee can decide that redress is not permissible.


7

61

A boat can protest if it sees another boat touch a mark. True or False?

TRUE Q2.1. While racing, a boat may protest another boat under RRS 31However umpires may only penalise the boat if they see the contact with the mark.


8

62

If the umpires see slight contact between boats they can give a penalty without one of the boats protesting. True or False?

FALSE Q4.1 limits umpire initiated penalties, and Q5.5 limits any action by the protest committee unless there is damage or injury.


9

63

A boat can protest if it sees contact between two other boats 50 meters ahead of her. True or False?

FALSE Q2.1 A boat has to be involved in the incident to protest.


10

64

A boat must keep the red flag flying until either a boat takes a penalty or the umpire gives a decision. True or False?

FALSEQ2.1 A boat only has to ‘conspicuously display’ it, and must remove it before, or a.s.a.p. after a boat takes a penalty voluntarily or the umpires signal a decision.


11

65

The race committee can protest a boat for touching the starting mark. True or False?

FALSEQ5.4 The RC can only protest based on a report from an equipment inspector under RRS 43.1(c) or 78.3. This includes sailing the course. If a boat fails to sail the course the umpires should penalise her with a Black flag when she rounds the next mark or finishes.Q4.2(b).


12

66

FALSE Q2.4 (b) & Q5.5 Only contact that caused damage or injury can be protested under RRS 14 by a boat (informing RC) or the protest committee.

A keep-clear boat can be protested for a breach of RRS 14 even if the contact did not cause damage or injury. True or False?


13

67

A boats hail for room to tack is not valid without the appropriate arm signals. True or False?

TRUE Q1.1(b) When the umpires are certain that no arm signals have been made RRS 20 does not apply.


14

68

A boat may not base a request for redress from an umpire action. True or False?

TRUE Q1.2 (e) Redress of any kind is only possible if the boat is giving help in compliance with RRS 1.1. Technically, a boat can always ask for redress, but Q1.2(e) prevent is from being given. So, if a boat insists on a hearing, it is best to organize one promptly. This is one hearing that it may be ‘safe’ to conduct afloat.


15

69

If a boat hits a mark during a Part 2 incident with a right-of-way boat she must make two turns to exonerate herself. True or False?

FALSE Q1.2 (a) only changes the first sentence of RRS 44.1RRS 44.1 (a) still applies – when a boat may have broken a rule of Part 2 and RRS 31 in the same incident, she need not take the penalty for breaking rule 31.


16

70

The Umpires must signal a response to all red-flag protests. True or False?

FALSE Q2.2 Only if no boat takes a penalty ;-)


17

71

If, after an incident where both boats protest each other, a boat responds by taking a penalty, the umpires can penalise the other boat if she was in the wrong. True or False?

TRUE Q2.2 There is no umpire action required if a protested boat takes a penalty. However, if the umpires agree that another protested boat was in the wrong, they should penalise her.


18

72

If a boat taking a penalty is not well clear of other boats while taking the penalty, the umpires should penalise her. True or False?It Depends!!! RRS 44 obliges a boat to get well clear of other boats before taking a penalty. Well clear in medal racing can be closer than in fleet racing.

If another boat has to avoid her during a penalty, it is a Part 2 issue (RRS 22.2) and requires a red-flag protest before the umpires can take action.

If the boat taking the penalty has to temporarily curtail her turn to keep clear of a boat that has acted unpredictably, then she should not be penalised.


19

73

A boat may only inform the race committee of a non red-flag protest or request redress while flag B is displayed on the race committee boat. True or False?

FALSE Q2.4 You can inform the Race committee boat before or while flag B is displayed.


20

74

An inside boat that touches a mark may only be exonerated if she protests the outside boat. True or False?

FALSE Q1.2 (f) Umpires may exonerate a boat if she is compelled to break a rule, irrespective of any protest from her.


21

75

A boat breaks RRS 42 and you give her a penalty. She takes a one-turn penalty and continues racing. You should give her another penalty. True or False?

FALSE Q4.1(b) now includes RRS 42 penalties as one-turn penalties, just as a breach of a RRS of Part 2 or RRS 31Also, the number of previous penalties in the event is not relevant.


Good Luck Good Luck

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Medal Racing for Umpires under Sailing Instruction Addendum Q (Please use in Slide Show mode)

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