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Yang Saeng Park, Ph. D. yangsaengpark@yahoo.co.kr

Editorial Assistant Young Hae Leeyinghui0826@hanmail.net

Major References:• 金賢淑 . 의학용어 , 賢文社 • Davi-Ellen Chabner. The Language of Medicine

7th ed. 2004 Elsevier, Saunders, St. Louis

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1. Composition of Medical Terminology 30

2. The Integumentary System 48

3. The Skeletal System 55

4. Articulations 17

5. The Muscular System 24

6. The Nervous System 54

7. Special Senses 46

8. The Endocrine System 33

9. The Blood and Lymphatic System 39

10. The Cardiovascular System 52

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11. The Respiratory System 48

12. The Digestive System 80

13. The Urinary System 29

14. The Male Reproductive System 24

15. The Female Reproductive System 63

16. Psychiatric Disorders 21

17. Multiple System Diseases 10

18. Appendix 20

Total 693 slides/30 h

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1. Composition of Medical Terminology

Basic Word Structure

1. Word root: Foundation of the word

gastr/ic

root stomach

2. Suffix : Word ending

gastr/itis gastr/ic

suffix suffix

(inflammation) (pertaining to: ~ 의 )

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Basic Word Structure 3. Prefix: Word beginning

epi/gastric

prefix (above: ~ 의 위 )

4. Combining vowel: A vowel (usually o) linking the root to the suffix or to another root

Cardi/o/gram electr/o/cardi/o/gram

root suffix root root suffix

combining vowel combining vowel

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Basic Word Structure 5. Combining form: Combination of word root with the

combining vowel (o, y, i) 1) Word root + Suffix

복합형 ‘ o’ 는 다음에 오는 단어의 첫 자가 母音일 때는 생략

dermat/o + -itis = dermat/itis(skin) (inflammation)

2) Word root + Combining vowel + Word root어근과 어근 사이에서는 뒤에 오는 어근의 첫 자가 모음이라도 ‘ O’ 가 생락되지 않음gastr/o + enteric =gastro/enteric(stomach) (intestine)

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Basic Word Structure 3) Combining form + Word root + Suffix

Acr/o + cyan/o + -osis = acr/o/cyan/osis

(extremity) (blue 푸른 ) (condition)

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Prefixes (G) = Greek, (L) = Latin------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Prefixes Meaning Example .a, an (G) without, not a/pneain, ein (L) not, lack in/somnia

im/balancecounter, contra (L) against, opposite contra/indicat/ionant, anti (G) anti/toxin co, con(L), syn(G) with, together con/genital hom/o (L), is/o(G) equal, same hom/o/graftheter/o(L), all/o(G) other heter/opsia

all/erg/y 알러지anis/o (G) unequal anis/o/cor/ia

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Prefixes

Prefixes Meaning Example .

anter/o, anter/ior(L) in front of, before anter/o/poster/ior 앞

poster/o, poster/ior(L) in back of, behind poster/o/anter/ior 뒤

super/o, super/ior (L) above, upward super/iority 위

infer/o, infer/ior (L) below, downward infer/iority 아래

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Prefixes

Prefixes Meaning Example .

ventr/o, ventr/al (L) belly, abdomen ventr/o/tomy

dors/o, dors/al (L) back dors/o/lumb/ar 등 ,

cephal/o, cephal/ic head cephal/o/dyn/ia (G) 머리

caud/o, caud/al (L) tail caud/al 꼬리 꼬리의

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Prefixes

Prefixes Meaning Example .inter/o, interior, inner, into intravenous internal, intra (L) 안 ( 쪽 )

end/o, en, em (G) end/o/derm

exter/o, exter/ior outer, out extra/cell/ular external, extra, e (L) ect/o, ec, ex (G) ect/o/derm

medi/o, medi/al middle mes/o/dermmid (L), mes/o (G)

later/o, lateral (L) to the side later/o/flexion 바깥 ( 쪽 )

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Prefixes

Prefixes Meaning Example .dextr/o, dexter (L) right dextr/o/cardia

sinistr/o, sinister (L) left sinistr/o/cerebr/al

ambi/, amb/o (L) both, doubly ambi/dext/e 양손잡이 amphi (G) ambi/valence

inter/ (L) between inter/costal

trans/ (L) through, trans/position across

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Prefixes

Prefixes Meaning Example .

ab (L) , apo (G) away from ab/normalab/duct/ion

e (L), ex, ec, ef (G) out from ex/halationex/cretion

ad/(L), en, em (G) into ad/duct/ionad/hesionad/diction

de/(L) down from de/hydr/ationresulting less than de/calcification

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Prefixes Meaning Example .circum/(L), peri/(G) around circum/ocul/ar 눈주위의

peri/hepat/icper/ (L), dia/ (G) through per/for/ation

dia/gnos/isante/pre/ (L), pro/(G) before pre/operative

pro/gnosisante/nat/al

post/retro/(L), meta/(G) after post/mortempost/partum

Supra/, super, epi/ (G) above, on supra/pubicepi/gastric

Prefixes

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Prefixes Meaning Example .

Infra (L) beneath infra/stern/al Sub/L) hypo/(G) under hypo/der/mal

Prefixes

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Prefixes

Prefixes Meaning Example .

chron/o (G) time chron/ic

acutus (L) sharp acute tach/y (G) rapid tachy/cardi/a brad/y (G) slow brady/cardi/a nyct/o (G) night, dark nyct/al/opia cycl/o (G) circle, cycle cycl/o/thym/ia

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Prefixes

Prefixes Meaning Example .sem/i (L), hem/i one half semi/coma

hemi/gastr/ectomy hemi/pleg/ia

pan all pan/periton/itispoly(G), mult/(L) many, much polyuriaolig/o (G) few, small, scanty olig/uriaHypo (G), sub(L) under, deficient hypo/glyc/emia

sub/acutehyper(G), super(L) above, excessive hyper/trophy

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Prefixes

Prefixes Meaning Example .

micr/o (G) small micr/o/surgerymacr/o (G) large, long macr/o/cytemegalo (G) great, large cardi/o/megalyultra (L) excessive, ultra/sono

beyond

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Prefixes Meaning Example .nulli, nullus (L) none 0 nulli/para uni, mono (G) one 1 uni/gravidabi (L), di, diplo (G) two 2 dipl/opiatri (L) (G) three 3 tri/ceps musclequadri(L), tetra (G) four 4 quadri/ceps Mquinque(L),penta(G) five 5 pentalogy of Gasulhexa (G), sexi (L) six 6 hexal/dactylism hepta (G), septi (L) seven 7 hepta/dactylism Octa (G), octi (L) eight 8 nona (G), noni (L) nine 9deca (G) ten 10hecto (G) one hundred 100killo (G) one thousand 1000

Prefixes

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Prefixes

Prefixes Meaning Example .Chrom/o (G), color (L) color chrom/o/cyteLeuk/o(G), alba, albin/o (L) white leuk/o/cyteErythr/o (G), rub(r)/o (L) red erythr/o/cyteCyano (G) blue cyan/osis Chlor/o (G) green chlor/oma Xanth/o, cirrh (G), yellow xanth/oma flav/o, leute (L)Poli/o (G) gray poli/o/myel/itis

Melan/o black melan/o/dermaPurpur/o (L) purple purpur/a

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Prefixes

Prefixes Meaning Example .Cry/(L) cold cry/o/surgeryFebr/(L) fever, fire febr/ile Therm/ (L), calor/(G) heat dia/therm/y

calor/y Malac/o (G) soft oste/o/malac/iaScler/o, scirrh/o(G), dur(L) hard scler/osisCac, cac/o (G) bad, ill cac/hexia

Eu (G) well, good, eu/phor/ianormal eu/pnea

Dys (G) difficult, bad dys/pnea Mal (L) abnormal, bad mal/nutrition

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Prefixes

Prefixes Meaning Example .Pseudo false pseud/o/cyesisDis/(L) separate, undo dis/sect/ion

dis/infectionXer/o (G) dry xer/o/stomiaOrth/o (G) straight, correct orth/o/pnea Ne/o (G) new, strange ne/o/plasmCrypt/o (G) hidden, concealed crypt/orchismAnkyl/o (G) bent, adhesion ankyl/o/glossia

immovable

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Suffixes

Suffixes Meaning Example .-sis (G) morbid process hemoly/sis -osis (G) “ nephr/o/hydr/osis -asis (G) “ bronchiect/asis-esis (G) “ pseudocy/essis-iasis (G) “ nephr/o/lith/iasis -ia, y (G) condition, state akines/ia

anencephal/y-ism (G) condition, state hyper/thyroid/ism

-sy (G) disease, symptom lepro/sy-oma (G) tumor, swelling aden/oma-us (L) condition, state hydro/cephal/us

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Suffixes symptom & sign

Root+Suffixes Meaning Example .-algia, -dynia (G) pain neur/algia

my/algia-ptosis (G) downward gastr/o/ptosis

displacement -cele (G) tumor, hernia, cysto/cele

swelling-itis (G) inflammation neur/itis-penia (G) deficiency erythr/o/penia-lithiasis (G) stone (lith/o) nephr/o/lithiasis

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Root+Suffixes Meaning Example .-plasm, -plasia (G) formation neo/plasm-cyte (G) cell erythr/o/cyte-pathy (G) disease encephal/o/pathy-emesis (G) vomiting hyper/emesis-mania (G) madness pyro/mania-somnia (G) sleep in/somnia -mnesia (G) remember a/mnesia-phobia (G) fear claustr/o/phobia

-philia (G) attraction pedo/philia

Suffixes

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Root+Suffixes Meaning Example .-sclerosis (G) hardening arteri/o/sclerosis-malacia (G) softening oste/o/malacia-stenosis (G) narrowing mitral stenosis

-ectasia (ectasis) (G) dilation bronchi/ectasis

expansion -megaly (G) enlargement cardi/o/megaly-staxis hemorrhage epi/staxis-stasis, stasia (G) stop, make stand hem/o/stasis-plegia (G) paralysis, stroke hemi/plegia

Suffixes

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Root+Suffixes Meaning Example .-plexy (G) stroke apo/plexy-emia (G) blood condition an/emia

leuk/emia-uria (G) urine condition glycos/uria-lysis (G) destruction, separation hem/o/lysis-logy (G) study histo/logy-cyesis (G) pregnancy pseud/o/cyesis-partum (L) birth, labor post/partum-trophy (G) nourishment, a/trophy

development-esthesia sense an/esthesia

Suffixes

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Root+Suffixes Meaning Example .-osmia (G) smell an/osmia -op(s)ia (G) see dipl/opia-phonia (G) sound a/phonia-phagia (G) eat poly/phagia-pepsia (G) digest dys/pepsia-dipsia (G) thirst poly/dipsia-pnea (G) breathe hyper/pnea-rrhea (rhea) (G) flow, discharge rhin/orrhea-rrhage (rhage) (G) bursting forth hem/orrhage-rrhexis (rhexis) (G) rupture enter/orrhexis

Suffixes

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Suffixes therapy & operation

Suffixes Meaning Example .-tomy (G) incision, section laparo/tomy -ectomy (G) excision gastr/ectomy-stomy (G) artificial opening gastr/o/jejun/o/stomy -rrhaphy (G) suture perineo/rrhaphy-plasty (G) surgical repair rhino/plasty

shaping-pexy (G) fixation nephr/o/pexy-lysis (G) separation nephr/o/lysis

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Suffixes Meaning Example .-lapaxy (G) crushing & lith/o/lapaxy

removal

-tripsy (G) crushing nephr/o/lithi/o/tripsy-clasis (clasia) (G) surgical fracture oste/o/clasis-clysis (G) irrigation rect/o/clysis-centesis puncture thorac/o/centesis-desis (G) fusion, binding arthr/o/desis

Suffixes therapy & operation

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Suffixes

Suffixes Meaning Example .-gram (G) record electrocardio/gram-praph (G)recording instrument electrocardio/graph-graphy(G) recording method electrocardio/graph

-scope (G)examining instrument micr/o/scope-scopy (G) examining method micr/o/scopy-meter (G)measuring instrument pelvi/meter-metry (G) measuring method pelvi/metry-opsy (G) vision bi/opsy

aut/opsy-tome (G) cutting instrument derma/tome

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Suffixes

Suffixes Example .Singular Plural Singular Plural-ma -mata aden/oma adeno/mata

-on -a gangli/on gangli/a

-us -i calcul/us calcul/i

-um -a atri/um atri/a

-a -ae burs/a burs/ae

-is -es pelv/is pelv/es

-ix -ces appendix appendices

-ex -ices cortex cortices

-ax -aces thorax thoraces