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Transcript of Mech Safety 1
8/10/2019 Mech Safety 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mech-safety-1 1/76
Safety
Management
in
Mechanical
Engineering
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Safety is everyone‘s
business and
compliance with
safety procedures is
MANDATORY
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• If an activity or practice seems unsafe,
―Stop Work‖ and take the time to address
concerns
• Situational Awareness – The best way to
prevent an accident is to be aware of your
surroundings
• All mechanical equipment modifications
must be reported and thoroughly checked.
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• Mechanical joints including
fasteners) may NOT be modified
without the review and
permission of Mechanical
Engineering
• Only perform activities for which
you are qualified
• Only use items for their intended
purpose
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Numerous
mechanical
hazards exist in
our work
environment
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• General Mechanical Hazards include;
— Tripping — Bump hazards
— Slipping — Noise
— Falling objects — Cutting/abrasion
— Pinch points — Elevated work
surfaces
Situational Awareness – The best way
to prevent an accident is to be aware of
your surroundings
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Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
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• There are areas that require the usage of
PPE. Most of these areas have signs
indicating the type of required PPE.
• Types of PPE relative to mechanical
hazards include
— Protective eyewear ( safety glasses,
goggles, etc. )
— Hardhats
— Protective footwear (i.e. steel toed shoes)
— Face shields (must be used with safety
eyewear)
— Gloves
— Ear plugs or earmuffs
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Maintenance (cleaning)
and care of Personal
Protective Equipment
(PPE) is the
responsibility of the
employee
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Keep PPE clean and in good working order
• Check the PPE before each use
• Wear the PPE correctly
• PPE that is provided in a work area that is
damaged or is not functional must be taken
out of service by returning it to the work area
supervisor who will dispose of it, have it
repaired, or replace it.
• PPE that is provided in specific areas or for
specific tasks must NOT be removed from
that area.
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When and where
is protective
eyewear required?
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• Each employee must use appropriate
eye or face protection when exposed to
eye or face hazards from flying particles,
molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or
caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors,
or potentially injurious light radiation.
• each employee must use eye protection
that provides side protection when there
is a hazard from flying objects.
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• All protective eyewear must have
fixed side protection.
•
Users must wear protective
eyewear in all locations where
required by signs and in all
locations where the hazards cited.
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•
General requirements. The employer
shall ensure that each
affected employee uses protective
footwear when working in areas where
there is a danger of foot injuries due to
falling or rolling objects, or objects
piercing the sole, and where such
employee s feet are exposed to
electrical hazards.
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•Appropriate protective footwear
must be worn anyone moving items
greater than 50 lbs; Electricians,
machinists, mechanics, riggers,
shipping and receiving personnel.
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When and where
are hardhats required?
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•The employer shall ensure that
each affected employee wears
a protective helmet when
working in areas where there isa potential for injury to the
head from falling objects.
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In general, hard hats must be worn
anyplace another worker can be
working directly overhead or
required by signage.
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• ME is responsible for
— Performing analysis to confirm
design integrity
— Maintaining accurate CAD
models
All equipment modifications must be
coordinated through Mechanical
Engineering
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Additional training is
required for the
activities and
equipment listed below
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Overhead crane operation
Overhead hoists
Overhead Rigging
Fall Protection Equipment
Aerial work platforms
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O
VERHEAD
C
RANE
O
PERATORS
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o
An overhead crane operator‘s
job is very important. It is a
position of responsibility that
you must be authorized to hold.
There are rules and
regulations you must obey and
responsibilities you must
accept.
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• Employers and employees need
to be aware that all cranes aredifferent and may have specific
operating, safety, inspection and
maintenance requirements. It is
essential that you have themanufacturers operating manuals
and are familiar with your
particular crane.
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Qualifications
The minimum qualifications for an employee
selected to operate
a crane are as follows:
•Have corrected vision that meets the same
requirements as vision
for a valid driver‘s license.
•Have effective use of all 4 limbs.
•Be of sufficient height to operate the controls
and to have an
unobstructed view over the controls into the
work area.
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•Have coordination between eyes, hands,
and feet.
•Be free of known convulsive disorders
and episodes of
unconsciousness
The employee must also have the ability to
understand signs,
labels, and instructions. The employee
must be examined for these
qualifications at least once every 3 years.
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Standard Hand Signals
For Controlling
Overhead And Gantry
Cranes
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LOWER. With arm extended downward,
forefinger pointing down, move hand in
small horizontal circle.
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BRIDGE TRAVEL. Arm extended forward,
hand open and slightly raised, make
pushing motion in direction of travel.
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MULTIPLE TROLLEYS. Hold up one
finger for block marked ‗1‘ and two
fingers for block marked ‗2‘. Regular
signals follow.
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MOVE SLOWLY. Use one hand to give any motion
signal and place other hand motionless in front of
hand giving the motion signal.
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MAGNET IS DISCONNECTED.
Crane operator spreads both
hands apart – palms up.
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When attaching or moving a load, the operator,
rigger, or hooker must make sure of all of the
following:
The hoisting rope or chain is free of kinks or
twist and not wrapped around the load.
The sling and load will clear all obstacles or
obstructions.
The load is balanced and secured before lifting
the load more than a few inches.
Multiple lines are not twisted around each
other.
There is no sudden acceleration or deceleration
of the moving load.
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OVERHEAD HOISTS
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Safety Precautions
on
Overhead Hoists
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Do‘s to avoid injury :
• Do read Safety Standard for
Overhead Hoists and HoistManufacturer‘s Operating and
Maintenance Instructions.
•
Do be familiar with hoistoperating controls, procedures
and warnings.
• Do make sure hook travel is in
the same direction as shown on
controls.
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Do make sure hoist limit switches
function properly.
Do maintain firm footing when
operating hoist.
Do make sure that load slings orother approved single attachments
are properly sized and seated in
the hook saddle.
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Do avoid swinging of load or load hook.
Do make sure that all persons stay clearof the suspended load.
Do warn personnel of an approaching
load.
Do protect wire rope and load chain fromweld spatter or other damaging
contaminants.
Do promptly report any malfunction,unusual performance, or damage of the
hoist.
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• Do inspect hoist regularly, replace
damaged or worn parts, and keep
appropriate records of
maintenance.
• Do use the hoist manufacturer‘s
recommended parts when repairinga hoist.
• Do use hook latches whenever
possible.•
Do apply lubricant to the wire rope
or load chain as recommended by
the hoist manufacturer
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Do not‘s to avoid injury :
Do Not lift more than rated load.
Do Not use the hoist load limiting deviceto measure the load.
Do Not use damaged hoist or hoist that is
not working correctly.
Do Not use the hoist with twisted,
kinked, damaged or worn wire rope or
chain.
Do Not lift a load unless wire rope isproperly seated in its groove(s) or unless
chain is properly rated in chain wheel(s)
or sprocket(s).
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Do Not use limit switches as routine
operating stops unless recommended.
They are emergency devices only.
Do Not use hoist to lift, support or
transport people.
Do Not lift loads over people.
Do Not leave a suspended loadunattended unless specific precautions
have been taken.
Do Not allow sharp contact betweentwo hoists or between hoist and
obstructions.
ll th h i
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• Do Not allow the rope, chain or
hook to be used as a ground for
welding.• Do Not remove or obscure the
warnings on the hoist.
• Do Not adjust or repair a hoist
unless qualified to perform hoistmaintenance.
• Do Not attempt to lengthen the
load rope or chain or repairdamaged load rope or chain.
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S
AFETY
F
ACTORS
To guard against failure of a wire
rope in service, the actual load on
the rope should only be a fraction of
the breaking strength.
The safety factor includes
reduced capacity of the rope belowit‘s stated breaking strength due to
wear, fatigue, corrosion, abuse, and
variations in size and quality.
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WIRE ROPE CONSTRUCTION
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oRigging components are expensive
to buy and to replace
oUse them properly and store them
properly
oKeep wire rope slings lubricatedand all rigging stored out of the
weather.
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oTreat the rigging as though your
life depended on it because it
does if it fails
oDon‘t use makeshift rigging or
attempt to repair any riggingcomponents.
oKnots tied in rigging reduces the
strength by 50% or more!
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PERSONAL FALL
PROTECTION
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oFall protection is defined as a
planned system used to protecta worker from death or potential
injury in the event they would
lose their balance while
performing a task at height.
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oThe use of personal fall
protection can be traced back
hundreds of years. In its earliest
form, fall protection consisted of
workers using ropes with knots
tied around other worker‘s
waists.
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THE ABCD‘S OF
PERSONAL FALL
PROTECTION
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Fall protection systems are
made up of four key parts.
Anchorage - the attachment
point that is intended to
resist forces generated
during a fall arrest or fall
restraint event.
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Body Harness - a body support
designed to contain the
human torso and distribute fall
arrest forces evenly across
the body, including the thighs,
pelvis, chest, and shoulders.
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M
ECHANICAL
I
NSPECTION
The purpose of themechanical inspection is to
visually inspect and operate
the built-in mechanical
equipment observed on site
and provide an opinion of any
deficiencies apparent at the
time of the inspection.
TESTING OF METALS USED IN
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M
ECHANICAL
E
NGINEERING
C
OMPONENTS
Metals used in engineering
must be tested for their
mechanical properties ofstrength, ductility, hardness,
toughness and impact
resistance.
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Strength
This is the load a metal can
withstand without fracturing; the
greater the load carrieddetermining the ultimate strength
of the metal.
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Ductility
This is a property the metalcontains which enables it to be
drawn easily or stretched to a
desired shape without fracturing,
whilst retaining the shape.
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Toughness - Determined
through Impact Test Similar to metals strength,
but to withstand varying loads.
Some metals can be tough butbrittle; a more suitable
combination is to have
toughness along with strengthand pliability.
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Impact Tester
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END OF REPORT