Measuring the Built Environment using GIS Overall project aim...Centre for the Built Environment and...
Transcript of Measuring the Built Environment using GIS Overall project aim...Centre for the Built Environment and...
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RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Measuring the Built Environment using GIS
Walkability index1
Street Connectivity Residential Density Land Use – Diversity and Intensity Retail Floor Area Ratio
1Based on index developed by Larry Frank
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Overall project aim
To assess neighbourhood walkability at different scales (suburb, CCD and 15 minute walk level);
To study the impact of neighbourhood scale on different types of walking
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Neighbourhood scale (Learnihan, 2007)
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Neighbourhood scale (Learnihan, 2007)
15 minute walk
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Use of Geographic Information System to assess the impact of ‘neighbourhood’
scale on walking
Vincent LearnihanSupervisors: Kimberly Van Niel; Billie Giles-Corti
Data being discussed are unpublished.
C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
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Use of Geographic Information System to assess the impact of ‘neighbourhood’
scale on walking
Vincent LearnihanSupervisors: Kimberly Van Niel; Billie Giles-Corti
Data being discussed are unpublished.
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C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
RREESSIIDDEE
Use of Geographic Information System to assess the impact of ‘neighbourhood’
scale on walking
Vincent LearnihanSupervisors: Kimberly Van Niel; Billie Giles-Corti
Data being discussed are unpublished.
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RESIDERA: Rosie Barnes
GIS specialist: Bridget Beesley (1 FTE)
UWACI’s
AI’s IndustryPartners
Deakin UniAnna Timperio
PA MeasurementChildren & environment
NHF Trevor Shilton –PA practice and
PolicyPA and children
BGC – PA & environmentM Knuiman -Biostatistics(SEID II)Terri Pikora - PA & Environment, auditing (SEID II)
UWAMax BulsaraBiostatisticsSpatial epi
Fiona Bull –PA
Measurement(SEID II)
Supporters
Water Corporation-Rae Davy (Privacy
Officer)Rob Molendyk - AdminDavid Buttfield - GIS
Sponsors Atrium
Mandurah ResortMadura TeaVideo EzyStephanies
VinceLearnihan
(GIS Masters)
Thomas LeongGary Chin
(GIS Honours)
PopulationHealth
LoughboroughUniversity UK
CI
Earth &Geographical
Sciences
KimberlyVan Niel
(GIS)
DPI: Stuart McKnight –Urban Design Projects
Gary John – Traffic Demand Management
GIS Team
Gavin McCormack(PhD – SEID II)
DPI: Alice Haning – Personal transport and mobility branch
(Safety Study)
Tim Adams PetcareInformation and Advisory
Service – Dog Study
Trevor ShiltonNational Heart Foundation
-Transportation study
ArchitectureLandscape
&Fine Arts
Patric de Velliers(Urban design)
Hayley Cutt(PhD – Dogs & PA)
Sarah Foster (Walking & Safety PhD)
MurdochCI’s
Inst. Sustain-Ability &
TechnologyPolicy
Jeff Kenworthy(Transport)
Ryan Falconer
(Transport Sustainability
& HealthPhD)
ExerciseScience
ARC Linkage Grant
CI=Chief Investigator; AI=Associate Investigator
Jacinta Francis (Urban design, social capital and
mental health- PhD)
Dept of Community Health SciencesUniversity of Calgary 1
Alan Sheill –Health Economics of urban
design NHMRCHealth
Economics -APAI: ARC
1 NHMRC grant submitted, ARC to be re-submitted November round
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Urban Design and Safety
Safety and Walking StudySarah Foster
Supervisors: Billie Giles-Corti; Matthew Knuiman
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Study aim
To investigate the relationship between urban design factors related to perceived safety and walking in the local neighbourhood
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Background
‘Neighbourhood safety’ can refer to traffic, unattended dogs, street lighting, infrastructure condition, disorder and crime
Measurements of subjective crime-related safety focus on judgments about crime rather than emotional responses to crime
Possible responses to fear of crime: constrained or protective behaviour
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Urban design features
Liveable Neighbourhoods aim to promote safety through activity and surveillanceNatural surveillance
House design (setbacks, porches/verandahs, back alleys, fencing,landscaping)Neighbourhood design (mixed density, houses overlooking POS)Street lightingWalkable neighbourhoods – more surveillance from pedestrian traffic?
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Neighbourhood condition
Physical incivilities (e.g. graffiti, litter, vandalism)Associated with increased crime, fear of crime, perceived crime
‘Suburban incivilities’ (e.g. house, garden, lawn maintenance)Indicates place attachment and territoriality
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Perceptions
Questionnaire sent to RESIDE participantsHousing design and street surveillance
Fear of crime
Perceived risk from crime,
Local problems, disorder and crime
Experiences of victimization
Protective and constrained behaviour
Collective efficacy
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Environmental data
Objective dataRESIDE POST data: surveillance from houses, incivilities, lighting
Street audit for surveillance, incivilities, personalisation, maintenance
Police crime statistics / newspaper content analysis
Street lighting
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Developed a Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) index
Houses with good visibility
Verandah, porch or balcony
Low walls, fences, hedges or borders
No unkempt gardens
No unkempt front lawns
No vacant lots
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Urban Design and Safety Safety and Walking Study
Sarah FosterSupervisors: Billie Giles-Corti; Matthew Knuiman
Data being discussed are unpublished.
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Concluding remarks
What impact do these features have on actual crime and local walking? Stay tuned…
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Improving Mental Health –what role for neighbourhood design?
Jacinta FrancisSupervisors: Billie Giles-Corti; Lisa Wood
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
The built environment and mental health
• Directly
• Indirectly by altering psychosocial processes with known mental health consequences
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Psychosocial processes
Social networks
Social support
Sense of community
Sense of place
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Aim
To investigate the relationship between the presence, use and design of public places and psychosocial outcomes in residents of new Estates in the Perth metropolitan area.
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Methodology
Focus groups
Survey of RESIDE participants
Objective park data
Content analysis of newspapers
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Hypothesis
Public places that are easy to access, frequently utilized and well designed positive psychosocial outcomes better mental health.
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Increasing physical activity through dog walking.
What role for neighbourhood design?
Hayley CuttSupervisors: Billie Giles-Corti; Matthew Knuiman
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Background
Level of dog ownership highHealth benefits of pet ownershipDog owner vs non-owner walking levelsSocial environment and dog walking
Physical environment and dog walking?RESIDE baseline survey data(n=1813; 44% dog owners)
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Odds of sufficient PA according to dog ownership and dog walking frequency
(Cutt et al, Am J Public Health 2008)
% active at recommended
level
Odds Ratio
95% CI
Non-owner
54.1
1.00
Reference
Dog owner
61.2
1.68*
1.26-2.24 0 walks per week with dog
43.6
0.87
0.56-1.35
1-4 walks per week with dog
57.1
1.64*
1.16-2.31
≥5 walks per week with dog
88.1
6.95*
3.41-14.15
Adjusted for gender, age, country of origin, education, occupation, mean age of children living at home <18 years, type of residence.
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Odds of sufficient PA according to dog ownership and dog walking frequency
% active at recommended
level
Odds Ratio
95% CI
Non-owner
54.1
1.00
Reference
Dog owner
61.2
1.68*
1.26-2.24 0 walks per week with dog
43.6
0.87
0.56-1.35
1-4 walks per week with dog
57.1
1.64*
1.16-2.31
≥5 walks per week with dog
88.1
6.95*
3.41-14.15
Adjusted for gender, age, country of origin, education, occupation, mean age of children living at home <18 years, type of residence.
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The physical environment & dog walking
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Correlates of regular dog walking Cutt, H., Giles-Corti, B. & Knuiman, M. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2008, 5:17
1.00407No
0.0121.16-3.422.0076Yes
Park within 1.6km of home with dog supportive features
0.3410.69-2.911.4236Good
1.00446Poor/average
Perceived access to POS with dog-supportive features
p valueCIOR1nCharacteristic
1Adjusted for demographic, intra-personal, social environmental, and dog-specific factors
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RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Correlates of regular dog walking Cutt, H., Giles-Corti, B. & Knuiman, M. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2008, 5:17
1.00407No
0.0121.16-3.422.0076Yes
Park within 1.6km of home with dog supportive features
0.3410.69-2.911.4236Good
1.00446Poor/average
Perceived access to POS with dog-supportive features
p valueCIOR1nCharacteristic
1Adjusted for demographic, intra-personal, social environmental, and dog-specific factors
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If we build it, they will come
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
If we build it, will they come?
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Any evidence for targeting people and places?
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RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Relative influence of factors associated with walking as recommended
(adjusted for demographic factors)
Odd
s ra
tio
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Positive attitudes Supportive socialenvironment
Supportive physicalenvironment
LowMediumHigh
Giles-Corti & Donovan, Am J Pub Health 2003:93(9):1583-1589
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Relative influence of factors associated with walking as recommended
(adjusted for demographic factors)
Odd
s ra
tio
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Individual factors Supportive socialenvironment
Supportive physicalenvironment
LowMediumHigh
Giles-Corti & Donovan, Am J Pub Health 2003:93(9):1583-1589
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Relative influence of factors associated with walking as recommended
(adjusted for demographic factors)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Individual factors Supportive socialenvironment
Supportivephysical
environment
LowMediumHigh
Odd
s ra
tio
Giles-Corti & Donovan, Am J Pub Health 2003:93(9):1583-1589
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Prevalence of sufficient walking by joint influence of individual and environmental factors (≥5 times/week ≥150 minutes)
%
8.7%
41.5%
0
10
20
30
40
50
Low Medium High
LowMedium
High
LowMediumHigh
8.7%
Positive attitude
Supportive physical environmental
Giles-Corti JSAMS 2006 (9):357-366.
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Prevalence of sufficient walking by joint influence of individual and environmental factors (≥5 times/week ≥150 minutes)
%
8.7%
41.5%
0
10
20
30
40
50
Low Medium High
LowMedium
High
LowMediumHigh
8.7%
27.9%
Positive attitude
Supportive physical environmental
Giles-Corti JSAMS 2006 (9):357-366.
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Prevalence of sufficient walking by joint influence of individual and environmental factors (5+ times/week ≥150 minutes/day)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Low Medium High
LowMedium
High
LowMediumHigh%
8.7%
41.5%
Supportive physical environmental
Positive attitude
27.9%
Giles-Corti JSAMS 2006 (9):357-366.
21.7%
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RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Odds of walking as recommended by joint influence individual & physical environmental factors1
1 (Adjusted for age, sex, children under 18 at home, education, household income, work outside home, SES of area of residence, social environmental factors). 2Reference category.
012345678
Low Medium High
LowMedium
High
LowMediumHigh
2
Odd
s ra
tios
Individual factors
Physical environmental factors1.00
7.83
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Where to from here?
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Centre for the Built Environment and Health – opened November 2007
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
The Centre aims to do research that is:Policy-relevantFocussed on the built environment and
walking, cycling, transportation choicesObesityPositive mental healthChild developmentOther health outcomes
InterdisciplinaryExcellent
Centre for the Built Environment and Health
Funded by:
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Centre Advisory Board
Mr Jeremy Dawkins WAPC
Dr Jo ClarksonHealthway
Ms Dorte EkelundDPI
Chair: Mr Evan Jones Multiplex
Mr Charles Johnson CEO City of Wanneroo
Ms Sue LeiversHeath Department WA
Dr Clarissa Ball ALVA UWA
Mr Trevor Shilton Heart Foundation
Ms Margie TannockMinter Ellison
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Centre Chief InvestigatorsCapacity Building Grant
Dr Kimberly Van Niel
Prof SteveZubrick
Mr Greg Martin (Chair)
Prof OsvaldoAlmeida
Professor Rob Donovan
Ms Ruth Durack
Professor MatthewKnuiman
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Chief Investigators on other projects
Dr Terri PikoraAssociate ProfessorMax Bulsara
Dr Anna TimperioProf Fiona Bull Dr Liz Geelhoed
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Children Adults Older Adults
Centre for the Built Environment and Health*
Research Program
Corporate partner:
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Consumer input
Methods
Children Adults Older Adults
Centre for the Built Environment and Health*Research Program
Corporate partner:
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Consumer input
Statistical methods
Children Adults Older Adults
Centre for the Built Environment and Health*Research Program
Methods
Corporate partner:
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Consumer input
Statistical methods
Geographic Information Systems
Children Adults Older Adults
Centre for the Built Environment and Health*Research Program
Methods
Corporate partner:
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Consumer input
Statistical methods
Geographic Information Systems
Research Translation
Children Adults Older Adults
Centre for the Built Environment and Health*Research Program
Methods
Corporate partner:
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RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Consumer input
Statistical methods
Geographic Information Systems
Research Translation
Children Adults Older Adults
Not funded beyond 2007Economic analysis
To be funded
Centre for the Built Environment and HealthResearch Program
Methods
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Consumer input
Statistical methods
Geographic Information Systems
Research Translation
Children Adults Older Adults
Not funded beyond 2007
To be funded
Centre for the Built Environment and HealthResearch Program
Sustainability
RREESSIIDDEE C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
Greetings from (some of) C_BEH team
C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
RREESSIIDDEE
WÉÇËà ãÉÜÜç tuÉâà à{x ãÉÜÄw vÉÅ|Çz àÉ tÇ xÇw àÉwtçA
\àËá tÄÜxtwç àÉÅÉÜÜÉã |Ç TâáàÜtÄ|tA
Charles Monroe Schulz
C_BEHCentre for the Built Environment and Health
RREESSIIDDEE
Thank you for your attention
For more information:
http://populationhealth.uwa.edu.au/reside*Supported by an NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship and while in the USA, a Fulbright Senior Scholar Award