Measurement & Verification (M&V): Procedures and Methods

Zodiac

Baskar SubbaraoPE, CxA, CBCP, CMVP, LEED APhttp://www.zodiacintl.compinfo@zodiacintl.com

Agenda

Building EnergyM&V C t d G id liM&V Concepts and GuidelinesM&V Approach LEED M&V LEED M&VM&V Plan Calibrated Simulation

2

Building Energy ConsumptionIn the U.S. Buildings consume: 39% of all energy 74% of electricity produced

Ref: Buildings Energy Data Book

38% of carbon emissions

Wet

Lighting, 16%

Electronics

Computers

Cooking CleaningOther,

8%

Natural

Space Heating,

22%

Space C li

Water Heating,

10%

Ventilation

sGas41%

Electric46%

Cooling, 14%

Adj to SEDS

Refrigeration, 7%

Renew. Energy

3%Fuel Oil

6%LPG3%

Other Fuel

3

Energy is the single largest controllable operating expense for office buildings

Building Facility

Electric

PV ArrayDC

GridAC

AC Load

BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURESRENEWABLE – DELIVER ENERGYRESULTS IN UTILITY ENERGY SAVINGS

Building 2

Inverter kWhHeat / Cool

LEED CREDIT – ON-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGYNO BASELINE OR ENERGY SAVINGS CALCULATION

Return LoopWater Temp

Supply WaterTemp

FlowMeter

Water Refrig Air

Heating

Cooling

GEOTHERMAL

Work

4

Renewable energy technologies supply energy rather than simply reduce energy consumed

GEOTHERMAL

Measurement and VerificationM&V is the process of using measurement to reliably determine actual savings created within an individual facility.

Energy = Baseline – Post installation +/- Adjustmentsgy jSavings Energy use Period Energy

300 

350 

Baseline

200 

250 

Baseline Adj. Baseline

Measured Energy use

Savings

50 

100 

150 

Baseline PeriodPost InstallationPeriod

Measured Energy useEnergy Usage

‐

Jan‐10 Feb‐10 Mar‐10 Apr‐10 May‐10 Jun‐10 Jul‐10 Aug‐10 Sep‐10 Oct‐10 Nov‐10 Dec‐10 Jan‐11 Feb‐11 Mar‐11 Apr‐11 May‐11 Jun‐11 Jul‐11 Aug‐11 Sep‐11 Oct‐11 Nov‐11

Baseline Post‐Retrofit What Would Have Happened

5

Savings cannot be directly measured, since they represent the absence of energy use

M&V and Benchmarking Identify energy savings opportunitiesMeet sustainability rating requirements (LEED) To serve as a commissioning tool Support evaluation of efficiency programs Account for variance from the utility budget Enhance financing of efficiency projects D t fi i l t ti

Num

ber of

Bui

ldin

gs Document financial transactions

100

Building Energy Performance Rating

1

Worst PerformersBest Performers

25507590 10

121.129.9 165.786.0 339.4EPA Performance Rating &

Energy Intensity(kBtu/ft2-year)

G5060708090

100

ting

Benchmarking through ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager

Target Rating uses EPA energy performance rating of 1-100

C b ildi i0

1020304050

Rat

6

Compare one building against a national sample of similar buildings

0 50 100 150 200 250

Building EUI, Total Energy Use per Sq. Ft. (source kBtu/sf)

Benchmark Target Finder Score ENERGY STAR

Guidelines

LEED NCRenewable energy

7IPMVP: International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol www.evo-world.orgFEMP: Federal Energy Management Program

IPMVP – M&V Options

LEEDNC & CI

LEED CI

Approach based on objective, constraints and cost

8

pp oac based o object e, co st a ts a d costto determine energy and water savings

ECM: Energy Conservation Measure

LEED M&V

PFp3Water Metering and

Reporting

PFp1Building-Level Energy

Metering

EAc5 M&V EAc5 M&V

PFc1.1Advanced Energy

Metering

Provide a process for corrective action if the results of the M&V plan indicate that energy savings

PFc3Advanced Water

Metering and Reporting

PFc1.2Reconcile Projected and Actual Energy

Performance

indicate that energy savings are not being achieved.

Collect and share energy and water use data

Core & Shell – M&V Base 

LEED V2.2CREDIT CATEGORIES - SIX

LEED 2009CREDIT CATEGORIES – SEVEN

PREREQUISITES – NINEPRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS

LEED 2012 (PILOT)CREDIT CATEGORIES – TENPREREQUISITES – FIFTEEN

NEW PERFORMANCE CATEGORY

Building and Tenant Submetering

Option D, IPMVP Vol III, 2006Final report - address variance, avoided tenant energy use, energy cost and GHG emissions to the EAc1 baseline

MOVING TO PERFORMANCE BASE RATING

9

Credit is being redeveloped to address building performance

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED®) U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)

LEED Related Credits

10

Measurement & Verification

EA Credit 5

7/28/20094/6/2009

M&V Plan 5/22/2009

8/1/2009Calibrate modelEnergy Savings

6/23/2009Begin

logging data5/1/2009

Document

4/4/2009Confirm IPMVP

Option

5/5/2009M&V Plan

Final

7/28/2009Data

Collection

M&V PlanPrelim Verify

Controls4/21/2009Review Meter

Placement

Analysis8/8/2009M&V

Report

logging data- reasonable occupancy

Document Baseline

6/17/2009EA Cr5 M&V

Submittal6/26/2009 - 7/26/2009

M&V Period

Plan Design Construct Accept Occupancy

12 MonthsSubmittal M&V Period

EAc1 Optimize Energy PerformanceEPAct (2005)

8/11/2009EnergyStar

Benchmarking

4/27/2009EAc1 Optimize Energy Performance Submittal

5/16/2009I t ll B ildi El t i N t l

7/6/2009D t d tEPAct (2005)

Executive Order 13423 (2007)Federal Sustainable Buildings MOU

LEED High Performance and Sustainable Buildings Guidance

BenchmarkingEnergy use within

10% of design energy budget

Install Building Electric, Natural Gas and Steam meters

to track and continuously optimize performance

Data update –High PerformanceBuilding Database

11

g

LEED Requirements5/9/2009

Control Drawing showing meters (top 80% of bldg energy end-uses)

7/3/2009Upload

End-useMetering

information

6/28/2009Upload

M&V Plan

LEED NC v2009

Construct Accept Occupancy

gy )

7/8/2009

CreditNarrative

7/13/2009

Special Circumstances

(optional)

6/2/2009

Contract - M&V Period Recertify

5 yrs

Collect & reportWhole-project

energy and water

LEED-NC 12 Months LEED-EBOM

or soonerMPRs use data for 5 years

Optional

Process for corrective actions if energy savings are not being acheived

12

Decreased energy and water use consumption is a major component of LEED certification

LEED - M&V Process

Design M&V ProcessDesign M&V ProcessConfirm IPMVP Option

Collect monitored M&V data for CxWrite M&V Plan Verify installation

Finalize M&V Plan Begin logging data

Define & Document

M&V data for Cx systems (1 year)

Write M&V Plan

Calibrate BaselineAnalyze M&V data

Verify installation

Calibrate metersBaseline EAc1

Final M&V Report

Analyze M&V data

Develop energy d l (EA 1)

EAc5 M&V S b itt l

Set-up trends

PRE-CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION POST-CONSTRUCTION

M&V Reportmodel (EAc1) M&V Submittal

13

Provide for the ongoing accountability of building energy consumption over time

M&V Plan

Project Specific M&V Plan Details of baseline conditions and data collected Document assumptions and sources of data What will be verified Who will conduct the M&V activities and when

Details of engineering analysis performed Details of engineering analysis performed How energy savings will be calculated Utility rates and how they will be used to calculate cost savings Detail any operations & maintenance (O&M) cost savings claimedy p ( ) g

Energy ModelingEAc1, BaselineEnergy Efficient featuresand Hardware

Commissioning & M&VM&V Plan – Metering, Calibrate

d l t b ilt th d

Architect Engineer

Oversees the LEED Process

model to as-built, weather and occupancy trends LEED AP

Cx Agent, M&V

OwnerLong Term trending

14

Trend logsTie to Energy Management Systems

Controls Contractor

Facility Manager

g gFine tune building systemsEnergy Management

Baseline

Baseline physical conditions Equipment inventory and

Factors Items Monitored Equipment inventory and

conditions Occupancy

Nameplate data

Items Monitored How long Complexity

Nameplate data Energy consumption rate Control strategies

Stability of baseline Other variables

Other

It i i t t t l d fi d d t th

15

It is important to properly define and document the baseline conditions

Building Energy Use

Software Tool Model Proposed Building Model Baseline Building Elements

Envelope 2,000,000

Total Energy Use Envelope Lighting HVAC Systems

R t l

1,678,106

1,189,1731,200,000

1,600,000

, ,

h

Receptacle Schedules Energy Prices 400,000

800,000

kWh

0Annual

16LEED design submittal EAc1

Baseline Design

Metering

Whole Building Electric: kW kWh

Energy end-uses Primary HVAC equipment Electric: kW, kWh

Natural Gas: Cubic Feet Water: Gallons Steam: Pounds

Primary HVAC equipment Secondary HVAC equipment Lighting Vertical Transportation

Chilled Water: Gallons, deg F, kW, variable speed, status

PropanePhotovoltaic DC and AC output

Other (plug loads, processes etc.)

Photovoltaic – DC and AC output Geothermal or Ground Source

Energy Ref: 2003 CBECS

WaterCookingOther

Natural GasOffiS

Misc.Electricity

Water Heating

CookingOtherOffice Equipment

Water heating

Cooling

Space Heating

Use

17

Space Heating

Lighting

Ventilation

Data Collection

Advanced Meters Accuracy

Building Automation System (BAS) is a tool for collection, storage/retrieval,

l i d i li i f Digital Output - Pulse Frequency – one pulse per unit Quantities Measured

M t C fi ti

analysis and visualization of equipment and systems operating performance

Measurement Configuration Operating Temperature Humidity Range Type DDC Type Code – ASME, AWWA, other Other

Capital and Installed Cost

System

Recalibration needs Maintenance Cost

BUILDING

18

BAS can monitor energy consumption of specific end-uses

Weather

60%

70%

80%

70

80

90

Win

d

Average Area Climate Data: ST. LOUIS, MO

30%

40%

50%

60%

30

40

50

60

70

Sun

shin

e

Pre

cipi

tatio

n, W

0%

10%

20%

0

10

20

30

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Tem

p,

Weather data in a variety of formatsd / th /i d ht

Axis TitleTemperature (F) Precipitation (in) Wind (MPH) Sunshine (%)

www.gard.com/weather/index.htm http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/weatherdata

_sources.cfm www.weatherunderground.com Other

19

Calibration

Buildings are dynamic systems Collect post-retrofit energy datap gy Collect Weather data Occupancy / usage Operation patterns 0 7

0.80.9

1

Lighting Schedules - Baseline

Operation patterns System parameters PV System Geothermal system 0 1

0.20.30.40.50.60.7

Frac

tion

Geothermal system

Re Run simulation

00.1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324

Hour

Weekday Sat Sun Hol Re-Run simulation Verify model simulates actual conditions Check predicted vs. actual for energy types

Weekday Sat Sun Hol

p gy yp

20

When differences are acceptable, the simulation is called “calibrated simulation”

Calibrated SimulationB

asis 30-year avg weather, design

occupancy, schedules and set Actual Weather, Occupancy

and Schedules, Metered 30 Year Weather DataTMY2

sign

edB

Calibrated Design Case ModelDesign Case Model(EA credit 1 Option1)

Post-Construction Design Case Model

points energy use, Utility Bills TMY2

As-

des

plia

ntui

ldin

g st

ics

Budget Case Model Calibrated Baseline Case Model Post-Construction

Cod

e C

omp

Adj

uste

d Bu

Cha

ract

ers

Code CompliantAppendix G ASHRAE 90.1

Code CompliantAppendix G ASHRAE 90.1

Baseline Case ModelAppendix G ASHRAE 90.1

Budget Case Modelminus

Design Case Model

Baseline Case minus Design Model

OrBaseline Model– Actual Bills

Or

Baseline Case Modelminus

Design Case Model

EnergySavings

21

Baseline minus Metered Energy Use

Design Submittal - EAc1 and EAp2 One Year Post Construction Long Term Average

Building Energy Use

Total Energy Use

1,678,106

1,189,1731,259,869

1,763,689

1,248,6321 200 000

1,600,000

2,000,000

400 000

800,000

1,200,000

kWh

0

400,000

Annual

Baseline Design As-Built Adj Baseline Metered

22

Energy - End Use

End UseProposed Design Energy Type

Units of Annual Energy & Peak 

Proposed Energy Use

End‐Use is Metered

Metered Energy Use

demand

Air System Electricity ‐ Grid kWh

Cooling Electricity ‐ Grid kWh

Heating Electricity ‐ Grid kWh

Pumps Electricity ‐ Grid kWh

Cooling Tower Electricity ‐ Grid kWh

Lighting Electricity ‐ Grid kWh

Elec Equipment Electricity ‐ Grid kWh

l l d k hMisc. Electric Electricity ‐ Grid kWh

Heating Natural Gas Therms

Misc. Natural Gas Natural Gas Therms

ton hrs

Proposed total energy use (kBtu/yr)Total 

Metered energy use

Percent metered end‐use energy use:

23

Provide a process for corrective action if the results of the M&V plan indicate that energy savings are not being achieved

Limitations and Uncertainty

Option D LimitationsReq ires significant effort Requires significant effort

Use specialized software that requires significant experience to use Results vary with effort (and $$$) expended Requires measurement for calibration

Uncertainty Modeling assumptions and effort Modeling assumptions and effort Meter data measurement uncertainty Uncertainty associated with the weather data Non-weather-dependent load is assumed to be proportional to

number of scheduled hours

24

Thank You!Thank You!

Zodiac

Baskar SubbaraoPE, CxA, CBCP, CMVP, LEED APhttp://www zodiacintl comhttp://www.zodiacintl.cominfo@zodiacintl.com