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![Page 1: Measurement of the UHECR energy spectrum from hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory Presenter: Lorenzo Perrone Università del Salento and INFN Lecce.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ef15503460f94c0283d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Measurement of the UHECR energy spectrum from hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Presenter: Lorenzo Perrone
Università del Salento and INFN Lecce – Italy
30th International Cosmic Ray ConferenceJuly 3 - 11, 2007, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
The Pierre Auger Collaboration
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Outline
- The Pierre Auger Observatory and the hybrid concept
“In order to make further progress, particularly in the field of cosmic rays, it will be necessary to apply all our resources and apparatus simultaneously and side-by-side.”
V.H.Hess, Nobel Lecture, December 1936
![Page 3: Measurement of the UHECR energy spectrum from hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory Presenter: Lorenzo Perrone Università del Salento and INFN Lecce.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ef15503460f94c0283d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Outline
- The Pierre Auger Observatory and the hybrid concept
“In order to make further progress, particularly in the field of cosmic rays, it will be necessary to apply all our resources and apparatus simultaneously and side-by-side.”
V.H.Hess, Nobel Lecture, December 1936
- Hybrid trigger efficiency and time dependent simulation
![Page 4: Measurement of the UHECR energy spectrum from hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory Presenter: Lorenzo Perrone Università del Salento and INFN Lecce.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ef15503460f94c0283d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Outline
- The Pierre Auger Observatory and the hybrid concept
“In order to make further progress, particularly in the field of cosmic rays, it will be necessary to apply all our resources and apparatus simultaneously and side-by-side.”
V.H.Hess, Nobel Lecture, December 1936
- Hybrid trigger efficiency and time dependent simulation
- Data selection, uptime and exposure
![Page 5: Measurement of the UHECR energy spectrum from hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory Presenter: Lorenzo Perrone Università del Salento and INFN Lecce.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ef15503460f94c0283d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Outline
- The Pierre Auger Observatory and the hybrid concept
“In order to make further progress, particularly in the field of cosmic rays, it will be necessary to apply all our resources and apparatus simultaneously and side-by-side.”
V.H.Hess, Nobel Lecture, December 1936
- Hybrid trigger efficiency and time dependent simulation
- Data selection, uptime and exposure
- Energy spectrum from hybrid data
![Page 6: Measurement of the UHECR energy spectrum from hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory Presenter: Lorenzo Perrone Università del Salento and INFN Lecce.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ef15503460f94c0283d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Outline
- The Pierre Auger Observatory and the hybrid concept
“In order to make further progress, particularly in the field of cosmic rays, it will be necessary to apply all our resources and apparatus simultaneously and side-by-side.”
V.H.Hess, Nobel Lecture, December 1936
- Hybrid trigger efficiency and time dependent simulation
- Data selection, uptime and exposure
- Energy spectrum from hybrid data
- Systematic uncertainties
![Page 7: Measurement of the UHECR energy spectrum from hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory Presenter: Lorenzo Perrone Università del Salento and INFN Lecce.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ef15503460f94c0283d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Hybrid Concept
The Auger Observatory combines independent measurement techniques
• reliable geometry and energy measurement
• mass composition studies in a complementary way
Surface Detector Array (SD)
Air Fluorescence Detectors (FD)
Event id: 2276329
Hybrid data set used for this analysis:
fluorescence events in coincidence with a least one SD station
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Hybrid reconstruction
![Page 9: Measurement of the UHECR energy spectrum from hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory Presenter: Lorenzo Perrone Università del Salento and INFN Lecce.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ef15503460f94c0283d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hybrid Trigger Efficiency
Full efficiency No dependence on mass composition
FD and SD response fully and simultaneously
simulated
CORSIKA showers
Fraction of FD events with at least 1 SD station
E > 1018 eV:
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Hybrid Exposure: strategy and simulation flow
For each active tank within a given radius, the single tank trigger probability is calculated as a function of core distance to shower axis based on parametrised functions [Lateral Trigger Probability Functions(*)]
- Complete and time dependent simulation of FD response
(*) D. Allard for the The Pierre Auger Coll. ICRC 2005 (Pune), India
The study with full (and simultaneous) simulations of FD and SD detector response with Corsika Showers has validated the used parameterisation for E > 1018 eV
- Simulation of SD timing with a realistic and time dependent array layout
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Simulation compared to data
Time dependent simulation agrees fairly good with data
(tightest selection level)
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Data selection
Profile quality cuts
Geometry quality cuts
[1] M. Unger for the The Pierre Auger Collaboration, at this Conference[2] The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Astroparticle Phys. 27 (2007) 155
entries: 1816
1092 entries
Sel. events: E >1018 eV
Data sample from 1/12/04 to 28/2/2007 zenith angle < 60° axis-tank distance < 750 m shower long. profile within the geometrical f.o.v [1] core distance to FD telescope within a given fiducial volume [2] measurement of atmospheric parameters available
Xmax
observed
energy reconstruction uncertainties < 20% relative amount of Cherenkov light < 50% a successful Gaisser-Hillas fit 2/ndof < 2.5
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Hybrid Exposure: Uptime
Hybrid detector uptime after different sources of detector inefficiency
LL LM LA CO
LL : Los Leones LM: Los MoradosLA : Loma AmarillaCO: Coihueco
DAQ – Data acquisition on\off SLC – Slow control (shutters status) Lidar activity veto High rate veto
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Hybrid Exposure
Hybrid Exposure at the tightest selection level
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Hybrid Spectrum
Only statistical uncertainties given
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Good agreement found within the systematic uncertainties
Hybrid vs SD Spectrum
![Page 17: Measurement of the UHECR energy spectrum from hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory Presenter: Lorenzo Perrone Università del Salento and INFN Lecce.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ef15503460f94c0283d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Good agreement among individual measurements by different eyes
Hybrid Spectrum (II)
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Systematics uncertainties
Uptime (4% from a cross-check with CLF lasers
Atmospheric conditions (atm.) 16% due to cloud coverage
Event Selection (sel.) 15% (E=1018 eV)
SD uncorrelated uncertainties
22% uncertainty on the energy scale(*)SD correlated uncertainty
Overall and individual uncertainties (added in quadrature)
(*) B. Dawson for the The Pierre Auger Collaboration, at this Conference
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Conclusions
A measurement of the UHECR energy spectrum from hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory presented (E > 1018 eV). Data sample extend over a time of more than two years in which FD and SD have grown significantly
A realistic and time dependent simulation performed in order to evaluate in detail the exposure of the hybrid detector
Good agreement with the SD spectrum found within the expected systematic uncertainties